Social Psychology of Respect

7/27/2019 Social Psychology of Respect

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1

CHAPTER 7

e Social Psychology of Respect: Implicationsfor Delegitimization and Reconciliation

Ronnie Janoff-Bulman and Amelie Werther

I b pp pss y pcs, sc gps

cg spc, cc sb (s, xp,

Fs, 1995; H, 1995, 2001; M, 1993; Ty, 1994), v

czs cg spc cv scs (.g., C, 1998). Hsy

cs w pss ps jsc cy, b s, cs-

gy, w w s respect (H, 2000, p. 59). Pc s

w cgz s pc w g w pps-

, cc s ps s psc. Rspc s bc

vb pc cc sc. s, Is - ps

Ps K , s qs y g s spc bw w ps (L, 2004, p. A5). Sy, w vsy

pss Ps Isjy s

g cp bs spc, bycs s-

c, c gs c b cv (Cw, 2005, p. A9).

A pg pv s w sg cy, Lwc

Ss, Hvs ps ps, ps p s sy wys

p g spc (R & Hy, 2005).

I s cssc bk, A eory of Justice (1971), pc psp J

Rws cs spc s py gpps py g

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oioemotional reoniliation

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scy, s pps s spsg s

cvss Ac pbc y. As by M Sv

(2002), spc s pc cs, sxs, gs, csss, pb,ss, spc, pc , c ws. Rws (1971) gs

g jsc s cy pbc xpss pps spc

, c wk jsc by sc psycgs T Ty

cgs (s, xp, Ty & B, 2003; s s H, B,

Dgs, & Wb, 1999) cs s ssc bw

jsc spc. I py v ccs, spc bs ggss

(P & K, 2004), pv sgs , pps b gy

v bsw. A ys wkg w cps, sc J

G (1994; s s Mk, Sy, & Bbg, 1994) s

pp w js w gs gv spc (p. 18).

F g pcs ccs, w respect

ss g g ss cc b sg w

bk w ps vs xz pssbs ps

gp cc. Y vsgs spc

(c. F & Sv, 2002). F xp, sp Gs cg

pc spc g ps, s s cy, b

s s xpsss cp. I ss jsc ss,

spc s b cs vsg, w css sc

vvg spc, sps v ypcy b sk spy c x wc y spc c ps

c spc sspc (.g., B & Es, 2002; Bck &

Ty, 2002; Bscb, Sps, Es, & Dsj, 2002; D C, 2002;

S & S, 2003; Ty & B, 2003). Mv, sc

cc, spc s cv vy . A gpg cy

xss sg spc, w w qs-

s gg s v sc pv sps pbc pcs:

W s spc? Wy w sk s sy?

I pgs w, w p pv sg spc

sspc, pcs gz cc- pcsss. Tw s , w s sgs bw w yps

spc, gy gp py gp ,

scss b cps s ppss. W v

scss sspc s pcs gz,

vsby z, wc s p pc

cs sc sc cc; b s spc

pv p ww vwg s gg pcsss. bk

cp s p cy pck ccps spc

sspc. I sc, wv, w pcc css



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e Social Psychology of Respect

3

cc w s pcs yss cc, csg

pcy spc-cg sgs s sc ccs.

Two Types of Respect

Rspc s y xsc s sc bgs w v

svv gps. W pps cy w yps spc,

s bscy gp bs bsp

-gp, s py gp bs

sg w gp (s Dw, 1977). F ss w py

bc pp, w b categorical respect contin-

gent respect scss bw sc cs c.

Categorical Respect

W c, psps psycgss v p

pv s sg spc (Fk, 1997; Fc, 1979;

Hs, 1997; H, 2000; R, 1990; s s pp s

by c Lwc-Lg, 1999, scgs S, 2003). scsss gy cs vs, ssy pscpv bsw

ws K ([1782] 1993), w g pp spc

by v bg gs sg bgs. Is v

cs jscs c bvs, psps ypcy

spc s cg ckwgs w q pc-

ps c c w; w cy w by

v ss.

F s pspcv, spc s g bs bsp

c cy Ks cs cy. Cgc

spc s bs gp bsp (D C & Ty, 2005; Ty,1989) s qy cc bs s gp. ss

gg s spc s -gp vss -gp

ss: g s cgc spc s g s -gp -

bs. Cbsp cy s spc

s ps. W -gp s cy, w

wg bs sc bsp s by. Y w -

bs y gps, s sc y y s-cgz y

(.g., Tj & T, 1986; T, 1987) k c, -gps

ypcy ccpz wy, s , c,



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4

pc, gs bs. I s css, , cgc spc s

g cpcps s sc cs s

cgz s -gp bs.Pxcy, w bc w sgcc cgc

spc ss s gg s bsc. s s pps s

v w g w s csv gp cy.

By pcg pp s bs s cy, pp c pp-

s cs g, x , pysc vc.

Vcs pcv s xpb s; s sg js

w sps ps Ac gs Ab Gb Ps:

Acs pgps cg ; c cxs

w spc, wv s. W y spy, s, s cp:

vcs y bjcs (S, 2004, p. A27). By yg s -

bsp cy, w sbjc xcs

z. y w s scope of justice, b

pcs cy bsp, by pcv s jsb

gs xp vc (B-T, 1990; K, 2001; Opw,

1990, 2001; Sb, 1989).

I cs cgc spc, cs s gs bsp

s s bs. s cc by v bg

gp b. s cgc spc s gs

wk, gs s cbs -cpssg c-y pp U N Uvs Dc H

Rgs, wc bgs: Ws cg gy

q b gs bs y s -

, jsc, pc w (U Ns, 1948, p. 1).

A Ac 1 spccy ss: A bgs b q

gy gs. y w w s cscc (U

Ns, 1948, p. 2).

g c by cgc spc s pcp

gpvg sy, bg cgz s gp b. I

ws, cgc spc gs pp vc; y sc vsb. Isgy, css-c cpss, s

g s c wc spc s cc sc bs.

B Fy (2006) s cs spc c w

y, y scss w ps spc ss gy

c, v bbs. W ps b cvc c

bv g cxg pss, s w spy gv p

c v g c w y w . w

s b spc (p. 184). Ev w s y gp, spc s

vg vc.



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5

As bs scy pc -gpb cy gp,

c cb, , g c, c, gs gp,

pp s vc s c cs (Fg & Cpz,1998; M, 2001; Ty, 1987). Rc y sc pc js-

c sggss p pc g cgz vg p.

Hvg vc pcgs s, vg ppy v y

sypsvy pcs pps pcps ss (Ty, 1987, 1990; Ty,

Bck, S, & H, 1997), s s v cs w s

pssby c c c (.g., ppy xpss

s ws c c cs; L, K, & Ey, 1990).

Pc jsc y ckwgs pc vc

vsby, b s cpsss csscy, y, ck bs,

psvss (s, xp, Lv, 1980). Sc

ccs spc. I pcy cgzs (g xpc pcs)

ps s b s, s v bs scy. Ty

s cgs v pcy s cc pc

jsc pps vs ss gcy sc s

(Ty, 1989, 2001; Ty & B, 2000; Ty & H, 2002). A sgy,

UN Dc H Rgs gs vy y g

cg vyw s ps b w (U Ns, 1948,

p. 2), b s g pbc g by p b.

Rgs, vc, c cgc spc, y py-gp cs v pcp.

Contingent Respect

I cs cgc spc, wc cs bsp gp,

cg spc s ssc w sg gp-gp ss

cs. Cg spc s py gp, gp

, s bs cpss css gp bs,

bsp p s. As by Bw (1999), s ccz bybgy pc; w s y , ,

s scs. Js s bw -gps -gps

y cb cpv pc by zg sk xcs-

sv css (Bw, 1999), s w gps y cb by

zg sks s w. s, w v bs pp w

gp pv gc, , c. s pp

w s spc, vs g sgs vc s

c v gp. I s ss, cg spc ccs ss

sg w gp (s D C & Ty, 2005; Ty & B, 2003;



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6

s s Jcks, Esss, & Bs, 2001); s v ssc w s

ps c s -gp.

I cs cgc spc, wc s k c-c, cg spc s vb, k, bs pps pcsss;

vvs pps bs b s v g pc -

ss. Ws pc jsc s py ssc w cgc

spc, sb jsc qy pcp pp gy

ssc w cg spc, vvg s css

pp bs pp s sc sc c.

Cg spc s cv ss -

cy gv. A ps g cg spc s cssy s g

cgc spc, w gs vc cc -gp bs.

cs bw cg cgc spc s x

p sc w by scgss bw cv scb

ss. Acv ss s bs gy w w ps (.g.,

y gz), ws scb ss s bs c-

cscs ps ccscs cvs. Cgc

spc, k scb ss, s ; s bs pss s,

ps sgs, sccsss, cbs. I s bs s b-

sp gp. I cs, k cv ss, cg spc s .

Cg spc s p sc ccy, w y,

gp, g scy. G -gp vs sc sbgpspcv s s p cb ccvs w sc-

css, s w v cc g sc sg; y

y v vc, b v c. vcs , ,

swy. I s sg spc ss spc s bg

b scss g by gps U Ss c cs

s y gps scy, xps gs g ws g

1960s s cy s spc ss

g c. Gps y v gs bsp

(cgc spc)y c pcp v vc (.g., v, spk p

pc pcss), b c pc s vss svy. W gps cy spc s ys y pcs, y

skg y b cgz v vc, ss bg

cs bs g scy (.., cgc spc). y w

v pc s w; y skg g sg, c,

sg vc pc sc s (.., cg spc).

F ss gs -gps, vs gps w

y b b s pc cs. I cs sps w w

ps k cc pspcvs, gv gps

w c pc css c scy.



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Cgc cg spcs k b sc ppss,

wc ssc, spcvy, w cscs bsp

sg w gps. I s bke Decent Society(1996), Mg cs c scy s spcs s bs, b cs s

c g c vc spc. Mg s scs

wc spc s bs gs s c scy s

wc ss scys bs; s w

kw w w s , ws w kw w k

cs spc. Y spc y b s yss scb s

g pp s gc; vg vc, bg , pcpg

w cy pv vc cgc spc,

spc ; vg c pc pv vc

cg spc, x pps. Nvss, w

s w spc w w cgz s bscw s

g, , pyscy , s ccs cc ss.

s scs sspc c b b s by s sg

bss wc vs gps ypcy g spc; w

c cs sspc gz.

e Attributional Components of

Respect and Disrespect

W pps w py s bss vs spc:

y cpc (s Wjcszk, 1994, 1997, pc

s ss pss ). Ag s cps

y b pc b cgc cg spc, w bv

y y wg w css. F ss scss bw,

cgc spc s pss y ppss, ws c-

g spc s pss cpc ppss, s

yps gz g sspc.I c xpy sy, w p p py s

spc ppss. W ss skg pp w y by

spc sg pyp ppc w s ky g ss

syys (s F & Sv, 2002), b w pv sg spc

ppss. Is w sk sps cs ps y spc

s wy; cs ps y sspc xp s s

w.1 Ab 305 sps w sk cs y b

pckg g ps, s w sk cs

pbc g. Rgss c, ppxy 90 scps



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c ppss y (.g., sc, s-, s)

cpc (.g., g, sccss) cs spc g

y (.g., ss, ss, bsv s) cpc (.g.,g, sccss) cs sspc g. Ov 35

b y cpc scbg spc g;

pcp cpc y ws cy s c

jg sspc, y 10 sp b

s cs. cy s w s p- spss

ws c sbsq sc w cc p s

s ps pcp sk: g b y cpc

w sgy ssc w spc ppss.

Pps spsgy, gv k bw spc, vc,

c, s w cs p s s p by sc

psycgss pcvg sc s cb: vvs xps,

kwg, by, vvs swss, sy,

bjcvy ( vw, s Py & Wg, 1998; s s McG, 1969).

Kwgb, s ccs s ky b pssv

ssgs g s w sg . Sy, sc pcps

ps cc sggss pc w c ss

cpc gy (K, 1986; s s wk by McGw, 2001;

M, Wbg, & Mck, 1986; R, Ac, Bg, & Sv,

1991); s g s ss cpc y ppw bv s gy v sgs vc s b-

s css.

My cpc pp b py b s

spc. My bs y b vy css-s,

wkg w gp zg ssss ps-

by v gss pc y sc gp. H w

s cc w s s vs--vs s gp. D pss

s c ss g gp? C pss w b

s? T w x s ps z s-s svc

g sc ss? My vvs g ( ck s) ss s (.g., Pcs, 1986); s Sc (2002) s, w w c

c , s bcs w v s g b .

Asssss cpc vv ssps b s kwg

sks x wc bs xps c psvy c-

b gc c gp. W gp qs

s scy g, c ssps b cpc py j ;

Ws c w psby k cs b cpc bs

y pcv kwg sks, b sc vbs s c-

ccp, wc g s cs sccss. Nvss,



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w bs y gps, s pcv cpc s ky

vy w vs ppss gp qs. s, cpc

c gps s p b ssss s c sccss, c-pc sc gps s s sc . W v g

sc sg scy, b s sc s c pv s

w pps spc bs cpc- cgs;

cpc s ssy by -gps gs vs.

Ag y cpc p ppss spc,

cs k s s sggss y y b y

cgc vss cg spc. Rc cs cgc spc,

w kg gp (.., -gp vs. -gp) v, w

g w s cb -gp. I cs

cg spc, w kg gp v; s, w c-

pg g s s gp cg sg

w gp. Rgg b cps spc, y

s p b wg vy w s b -gp

-gp ss; cpc s ky b wg vy w

s b gp ss. I g -gp-gp

ss, w s kwg w s w-, c b

s, s s. I w bv s b cs, w ky

b -gp. My g s ss-

bss -gp cgz, b s qy ky c ps sg -gp bsp, s s cy g s gy

w-. s cpc pcsss, b pg

b cs, spp Dscs (1973) bsv s C Lw

Sc Rs ccsc pcsss cs c by gv yp

sc sp s c yp sp (p. 365). I

ws, cs pvk c s gg by c;

bs y cg -gp cgz, cvsy,

-gp bsp cgs bs y.

Pcv cpc bcs p c bsp ss

s c. Appss cg spc vv gs w gy y cs -gp bs v by b g

s v y. s, y s c -gp b-

sp s ss ( vc cy s pv), bss

c cg spc ss pcv cpc. N

spsgy, , g ss gps w gv scy s g

s s cp (Fsk, Cy, Gck, & X, 2002; Fsk, X, Cy, & Gck,

1999). Pcps y py cs gp,

gs vc pcp; pcps cpc

py sg gp pvg c.



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10

Ags ppss spc, sspcg s w

bs y cpc; g, v

sgcc ss p p w w kg gp gp jgs. I s ss sc ccs, s c

sgcc y ps cpc, s ss

wc gs ppss qsby s -gps.

W s , w w cs x s

sspc.

Disrespect and Delegitimization

I pp sg, dis, v w sspc (ccg

O Sg Dcy), s s p s w. I,

s sggs bv, spc s ssc w vg vc g gp

bsp (y) vg c (xy), sspc s

ssy qv scg . Sc scg y

s ps gp pwss vy vsb, b css

cc, bjc c , s ssy, vc

sc. Pcps y cpc py p-

csg spc pg gz s.Y g cpc s vy wg w -gp bs

sspc, g vsby spw, s pcp

y s py pc s c scs

sspc-gp gz y x g

vc.

Out-group Delegitimization: Enemy

Images and Perceived Immorality

Pg c b y g s

-gp bs (cgc spc), w pp cy b

y b s -gp vss. s, wk

v s, Rss W (1996; s s Rbs, K, W, & Rss,

1995) v s c cs p c b b

ck , w g s ssg vws s bs bs

s-s vs. W s bv w vws gy bs

c by gy (.g., P, Gvc, & Rss, 2004). Sy,

R, Py, W, Gsw (2005) sps b



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gv, ss vs s w sg w pss. R

. (2005) sggs sy svs s bss gp

bs gp (s s Kwy &M, 2002); s w s s pcv s c,

gp bs -gp (s s T, 1987, s-cg-

z Tj & T, 1986, sc y y), ws s w

sg pcv s gs -gp (s, xp, Lv,

Fsc, & Svy, 1989). Oc w cgz s s -gp bs,

w ky y cgc spc g s bs, s-

s, ss.

Pcps -gps vy w bs -

y b s. s v Cpbs (1967; L V &

Cpb, 1972) universal stereotype pp by -gps;

s, -gps bv y svs s, cpv, pc,

swy, ws -gps ss, cpv, qs,

swy. W -gp s yvw s g,

w sys pcps b s k pcy

gsc, gv bc pcps .

P K (2004) scb pcps pcy cc-

sc sc cc s ws:

O s b s s c vs ss,y, wk. O s b s s Py

bsc vs, s pcy b ss

(Sc & Scwz, 1989). O s s b ss; py

bvs O b s Pys w, ss s

vg gs g v syg Py. I

, O y b s s ckg by cv

(Bk & M, 1962),g s k pcp s s

ss ky bcs g vby s vc b

s ccscs (Bw, 1979). I cs, py sy ss

s s O s vc Osggss. (Hps, 1997; W, 1984, p. 106)

s pcps ccz vw y; w

s-g g -gp s bc (W,

1984; s s Svs, 1992, y gs). Lbs sc s ruthless,

devious, aggressive pcy c gz

-gp, s pcps b cpc (B-T, 1990; s s

Bb, 1961, -g pcps). As B-T (1990) s

s vw s spcs vws g 8-y I-Iq w,



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Is b Iqs cs, ggsss, css, Ss

cs, , bc; Iqs b Is

cs, ggsss, scss, c bc y, g scs.

Gv s pcps, cc bcs s w bw g

v; s, Rg Sv U s v p,

G. W. Bs N K, I, Iq s xs v. Sc

g cgs cc sss spcc g,

sc s g g w pc , b w

y (P & K, 2004). I c s pcps, s

ypc ccs p ccs sc.

gy sc cc sc s s s bs s-

bs w cy bs pcps (s, xp, B-T,

1990; P & K, 2004; Svs, 1992; W, 1984). Pp gy

s pw s, s s pcy k

cs s (s, xp, Pgw, 1979). bsc y -

b cy cp w ssp s b s ss

sbs ys cs; s cs pcv s

sv, bs xg ccscs, b s pv ggs-

sv. ppp sps by ss b sv sc, wc

s pcv by s s. A cc sp sc ss

(Jvs, 1976; P & K, 2004).I cx s gv pcps, v pc cs

gps ky b b s s; s bsc

s. As Svs (1992) s, p pc y y b vw s

css ppg, p cs ss g s, ck

w s cs y spy (p. 151). wk

cv v cs s sspc scg ys

w- s (s, xp, Rss, 2005). s, ck s s-

sy s s -sc cc s.

I cbg cc sp g sbs,

pcp y s s zs bs gsggss . As P K (2004), Py s c

ggss gs O w s k spc . . . , b py s q w-

g ggss gs O w s k spc . . . . F,

s sy xp ks py s cssy: s

cs s v vs (p. 108). y s gz, -

z, pc s bs cy; sc

bsp ss gz vc x

g. I bsc cgc spc, pcps y



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13

vws y -gps sbs sgy sb

bscs cc s cc.

Intragroup Disrespect: Delegitimizationand Perceived Incompetence

Cy s vsg yp gz s s s

vc bw y -gps; s s x cs sspc

y g cgz y y, b scg

y . Hwv, sspc s sgy bg -

ss vss xy cgg g

gps vv. H w g py sspc g -gp

bs, s spccy s cs, gps w pcv svs s

bs sg scy (.., sc sbgps).2 Ag ypcy

ssc w sc cc pv ggss, sc gz-

s pw y ss c sc cc qy

svs jsy pvy, sc, pwssss. Sc s-

spc bcs x pp w gv scy g

gg gp syps gzg ys (s, xp, Js &

Mj, 2001). sc ccs c s sc ps sspc

y cc -gp scs, b s y b cg-

, pcp, c (Fs, 1995; H, 1995). s s

y pcs. W gv scy (gp),

w cbsp g sc sc s sg, sspc

vs sbgps vvs yg ss, , y,

q p sc pc css. F s pspcv,

sspc s gz pp gps by pcg s

sp c scs y s g g-

pcp.Rc cs gp jgs (.., cg spc,

cs -gp cgc spc bs gp css),

cpc s vy wg pps ppss. I s y s

v, b s ypcy ss g -gp (vs. -gp) ss.

Y -gp bs c b y sc g by v

pcv cpc. I wk Fsk . (1999, 2002), s

gps bjc psc pjck, b spc.3

Fwg s pspcv, s ky sc gps



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14

gz g y, b py g pcv

cpc; s, y vw s vy g y, b w

cpc. As sc, y y w-ss gps g - cg spc. y c bcs y pcv

s ckg kwg, , sks pv pp g-

c c g scy. I gv scy, sc cs

by gzg scy svg gps (Js &

Mj, 2001), s css s gy cpc s

pc.

I s sg cs sc yp pjc scss

by Fsk . (1999, 2002). Evs pjc s c ws gps

cc g vs ss. s gps g s gy

cp, b ws y s qs. y s w

y psc gps, g ypcy xcgy

w (.., vy ); y s cbs s g scy

-gp bs gy cc s v

y. Fsk . s gps, bjc vs pj-

c, xs css cs. I scy, y g ss gps sc

s Ass, Jws, c. W bv pcp vy

w vs y (cp cpc) ws sc

gp(s) w g ws b xcssv vs c by

s vy cp, g ss gps. I qss c wys b sb gps s, s-s, s, sy, v s

g ss, spc gps c b g kp wg

c c.

I s scg sssg cgz w pps s

gps s csb sc pv sss. s v

gps y bc g -gp sss scy.

I c cg -gp -gp, y,

pcsy y, bcs p. W cs s

s -gp b (cpcp scy), cpc c-

s s bss spc, w y gy ss; w css s -gp vsy, y bss spc bcs

p, cg cs bw cg (gp)

cgc (gp) spc. cc s g w

c, b -gp bsp. g ss -

g gp (.g., cs P Ps Cb, Jws Nz Gy,

Cs Is) s w pcv s -gp, y

b s, ssy, ssssbcs bss gz-

, s x , z. cpc s

bss spc w cs -gp b by cs



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15

c sss w -gp y, cp

w pcp y bcs jsc g,

bs, vc.

Some Implications for Reconciliation

F vs g bs sc cs vc

w bs sgy cb gp ccs, spc ss b

v gz ccz

gsc, vs sps. Rspc s pps w

v pw g , g wys c sc bsws

y b ky cc. W w spk cc cqy,

w cc w sg sgs sg sps.

F pspcv wk gp cc pc bg,

cc s s pcss vpg ccy

cc bw w gsc y gsc pss

gps (Ksbg, 1998, pp. 1-2) psw csc pcy, sg

b pc g pps w g-sg ss (Ack,

1994, p. 230).

Rspc cs ps cc; ws pssb-y gcy y s w pspcv. I vvs

g vs s s q pcps v y k

vws. I cs s b gsy pg ws

s , g s ss gzg ppss

byc, wg ps c by ps cc.

Y gv q cgy sc cc, vy ss s

spc pcsy s wc s s p b ()sbs. I

s scs, ccg ps pcv c s y c;

y vw c w cp. Cp s p sss, sg

cvs s v, y pspc cc(H, 2000). O p cc, , w c w b spc

s w g w cp?

Gv pw -gp-gp vss pcps v-

ss s s-vss- y cs; s c-

gc cg spc s s

sc ccs. H pss s bs y pcp-

s sgy yg gp (vs. gp) scs. V

ccs, vvg p s vs, cy, ss,

pcy ky pc gv, z gs



16/26


16

y . Cgc spc qs rehumanization

(s, xp, Rsb, Ws, & M, 2005), sc

pcv cs spc cs spc. Ab sc sgs ky cb s pcss, cg

() s z -gp-gp bs g sbs-

w c s pcps y; (b)

sz pps xz vc cp

pc jsc; (c) pbc cs sg gps wgss

z s w ss spy.

N (2002) sgss bw w yps ccs

s gs cc, s pc s c-

sg sbs spc bw ppsg ps. I cs

g s y bw vss sg, scy

s pc cxsc w sp scs (p. 131).

s, cc S Ac vv g c g

bck w S Acs csv scy. I cs, g

cc Pss Iss s pc cxsc w

y ccp, s ss. I b yps cc, rehumaniz-

ing cgzg gcy ky s bg

spc pg cc. Y s w css ps w

q cgs bgg b sc s.

g sg scy, w w pssbs , v-ss ps p b pssbs s w, pc sgs

ssc w bg w c y g pcps

y. c gss v cy pvs

ppy sg y, wc c sv bk w -

gp-gp bs; s, pss sp

y c pv w s pcvg cs, w, v-

ss, ckwgg ws. s, bc cvss

Ns M Ds T ws p bb by

s p c w S Ac y, y

ssc w cg wg c s ps,b p psc b scys pssbs (s,

xp, V Mw, 2001). Es p c w

py bc w y, wc j pcp-

w scy. A c y c cb s

-gps sg -gp, w ps cgc spc

s sc cbsp.

Sc psycgc wk c -gp y (s, xp,

G & Dv, 2000) sggss p sc w, sp

cgy. Ag vp cx pjc c s



17/26


17

v cc, c -gp-y y ps

psv pc cgzg -gps s -gps (sp gps

s ) g sp y c sbs ( gsc) s. Sc cgz s b c

gp s, c pjc, cb vp ps-

v s ws gp. Cy, sc w c y

y b vy c sbs cs v cc, b s v-

ss py pw sgy, s css w g

sg, csv scy.

As c -gp y gws, b gsy p-

cps y ky w. Cvsy, zg bs

y csg pcps psv s c sv

bk w -gp-gp bs (c Dscs, [1973] C

Lw Sc Rs). s s py psv s gp

cc. Sc c cc s s p pp w sg

scy, w pp c cy c c g cs

y vg. I s ss ky cs w sp scs g

pc cxsc. H ccs gy cs-

sy, vvg spc s bg g gps c scy;

g y b pps sbs s pc (.g.,

cc s), s gp cc s ky cc bw s

wkg cc s, cc, pc s.W vg g sg , s ky v

pps c; s y ps pssbs b x

bkw pckg s s w s x sccss. Cy, cc

cc pcs; bw s s y c sv

sy -gp c gp sy (P & K,

2004). B cc s g- pcss, vg cvs.

A v cc, s c yps ccq ss

cpv, w pps css-gp sps (Pgw,

1998)y pv pps bsv y bs

gp, cgz ss, bs y, ss-ss, ssy. I ccs cs g cvc ssc-

, c gv gps, scs, y s s, w

vs y b q wk g c sss, p b

s bc.4 Ov , vs v -gp bs c

sv c c gv bs s pcps

gp s w (s, xp, Pgw, 1998; Pgw & Tpp, 2000).

I cc w y, wc bk-

g w gp b bs, spc-cg sgs

c spcc pcs cy sg cg



18/26


18

vsby s c cgc spc. s v

ss pcsss sbs g w s v

cc; y c pspcs spc cc x y pssby gy ws vb w sgs

pp g cc s. Iss sbs g

w vcs pps (w ypcy s g svs s vcs;

s Rsb ., 2005) s sv xz pc jsc. I

s jsc, pcs css, p, bs,

qy pp, vb xz pcps gs spc

ss y v by g scy (Ty, 1989, 2001).

Opps vc w s pscc ss s s

spc y cc. T Rcc Css

sbs S Ac 1995 gg cs pcss

ccg ss c vcs pvg cy gs

(s, xp, Gbs, 2004; V Mw, 2001). w w s

sg, vcs w gv ppy ss;

ssc, y w gv vc. N y s p scv w

pp v s pssby p b

w g, b pw sybc v. gs w ssy

respect rituals, vcs w cvg cg w

cg y, cs w S Ac,

ckwg y b wg. Rgss sps qs sy, ws sbsg sc vs

spc ss cvs.

W sg scy, sc pcsss ss cgz

pc vc pc jsc s sv s w

ss sc csvss ps vcs s w s pps. Ag

s scs c b sbs cs sp scs

s (.g., w bs, csss), y w ck

b pvg sg vc w, csv, spc-bs scy.

Rcc bw w s pss spc cgs y s

py cs bw s, s sybs psvs s. I sc scs, ccy gss -

s (Osg, 1962) y b pcy s vs--vs cc,

y y jp s cs gss s.

pc sc gss ws v, xp, pw

sccss Ss 1977 p Js. Hs cs w xpc

vsb, b vv ps css gv

cs Ab w. I sp g sspcs, s vs Iss

bg qs k Ss (.., Egyps) ps s vs.

F spc pspcv, Iss bg s Egyps sprobationally



19/26


19

w- , c svg cgc

spc.

O cc, s c s cb s w gc (H, 2002). s y b pcy p s

w c b w g pw. S spc w

b pcy s bw s, s psvs gps. O

c sc spy w b pgy, wc y s

sgss ss sv b s s p sybc v, bcs

pvs vc ckwgs w sc

sg . Ag sc s cs ps

gp s, gs vss sggs pgs

ssc w g py , s w s ss vg,

g, ggss vc by vcs (McCg ., 1998; Obc,

K, & Ag, 1989). I cx s cc pc

bg, pgs ky sg spc . W by

pw py, pgs y s p c v py-

g ( gs), pc pgs s cg ss

qy (s Ab, 1998).

Ms gy, spc s cvy g sg w s

sy wg pssby cc s pssb. W

w sg scy css s, bw y gp bs

s, sc pss s pspcv s cc c-c; civils pps confrontationalsg, vvs ckwg-

g pssby s g (C, 1998). By csg s

sg, pps c, pssby

bc ps, pcps y c s vss s wy

sc spc. Gg g s spc bg

cp sc y v s ppss

, , p cc bw vs gps.

I s p cgz spcg , w v

g. H w y gs by p-

pcc cy s sc . A 3 ys, s w p y vp p

spc pps, ws dignity and goodness bc vy pp;

v , y pspcv w vcg

spgg s. Y w w b ccps s w

cgg s pc b (Fw ., 2001).

Rspc s gg, b sg ckwgg

s g sp cs s w. Cy, s sy

sbs, pcy v ccs. Y spc y b

s cg p sypy, py, s



20/26


20

p cc. Rspc s q v pp bg

gp cc, cc, pc bg. As R

(1990) s,

Rspc vvs c g ss s, b s

c s pg s s w. Rspc s ss c cs.

I sws s sc ss s s sv

s ss. O c v spc s vss v s

s w vg sypy s cvy pg

. Rspc s ccscy xb by . . . kg wy s

p s pg s.

Notes

1. yp spc ws spc, sc w b g

sps. W ss spss w b sw ky c c-

g spc, pcps w ssy sk cs s y k

g spc. Nvss, w bv cgc spc w gy b ss

(s gy s cs cg spc) spss w

cb sg b s b yps spc.

2. I s p cgz y sc y , , -gpvss -gp c. s sc gps, sc s c c gps,

y b cs -gps w csg s scy s w (.g.,

cs s), b y b cs -gps w cs g

(.., cs ) s w c c gp. Sy, s (.g.,

Ep cs) p b cs -gps w w k b pcs,

b y b g s -gps w w cs cc cp

j bsss vs. I cs Cs, w y vw s -gp

w w kg b ccs, b y pcv s -gp b

w w kg b gs w N Ks. I ws,

-gp-gp sgs sw . Nvss, w w pcvs s -gps w s p cs s gps y s,

ws w w k s -gps w p cs

cpc by c j cs.

3. I sc, Fsk . (1999, 2002) ssss pcps gps w

cpc. Rsps gps ss jcvs, w

jcvs c ywarmth good natured, b sincere, trustworthy,

well-intentioned, sgy cg b w y. I

cy s w y w b s s bss gzg -gps,

w (w Tcy Ksc) cc pc xs sc by



21/26


21

Fsk cgs sk pcps sc gps jcvs

sc s cs cpc, y, w. y jcvs

w c, w-, swy, s sc, w sjcvs w scb, w, g-, ppcb, y. My

w g s sp cs, b y vss s s

sc css w spy cb w cpc gs, s cs-

s pc gs Fsk . (1999, 2002). I pps g w c

sgs bw w y, y pp sv s cs

s bs bvs. I s ky psv ws

s xpss s w ss gs p s psv s,

sssss, gsy, s gps w; s w y sv s

c y, gy s s gg gp.

4. cc gps cs g cvc sscs sscss by Ass Vsy, pc scs w s p v

ccs bw Hs Mss I (s Bss, 2006). H s

cc y c cs. I -p cs, Hs Mss c

g y sc cc , ws -p cs, y x

s, bsss sscs, pss gzs.

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Social Psychology of Respect