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SOCIAL PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF KAMPONG MASPATI IN
SURABAYA CITY
‘A Study on How Social Participation Might Results to Sustainable Development’
ANNISA PUTRI PRASAMANTIAJI
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Kampong is an Indonesian term to describe a
settlement situated in city with high density of
population. The majority of its people still
upholds traditional cultures as a part of their
lifestyle, thus can’t be equated with slum or
squatter settlement. Kampong also has been an
integral part of city.
But due to the low level of sanitation and
insufficient public infrastructure, as response,
government established several kinds of Kampong
development program.
Details Kampong Improvement
Program (KIP)
Surabaya Green and
Clean Competition
Format Incremental Development
Program
Competition with
Rewards
Communication Top-Bottom program
(linear from government)
Community Based
Program
Focus Infrastructure upgrade
and housing
Sanitation and
Greening
Participatory
Level
Low participation High participation
Planner Government Kampong People
Funding
Policy
State funds Independent and
stimulant money
from government
History recorded that Kampong Improvement
Program had successfully improved the
infrastructure of kampongs in Surabaya, but in
general, the environmental development stayed
stagnant or passive without having any renewals.
While in Surabaya Green and Clean competition,
kampong people are given the opportunity to expand
their ideas or innovations in environmental
development since it is a community based program.
Both programs indeed have different focus and
direction, but since the main theme of this
research is on the participatory level of kampong
people, kampong improvement program here is used
as comparison whether or not a community based
program would help kampong to achieve sustainable
environmental development.
Kampong Maspati, an old historical kampong in
Surabaya has been participating Surabaya Green and
Clean competition every year since 2011 until 2017
consecutively.
The reason why Kampong Maspati is chosen as
the case study of this research because they have
been conducting environmental development for
roughly 7 years and has been aggressively
promoting their kampong as tourism destination
bringing their historical value as their selling
point.
1.2 Research Purpose
There are four research purposes of this
research: 1) To investigate what is Kampong
Maspati’s strategy to keep their environmental
development sustainable 2) To investigate the
social participation; forms of participation,
process of participation 3) To clarify all of the
supportive factors such as; involving individual
or institutions that contributes in the
environmental development of Kampong Maspati.
2. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The conceptual framework diagram will help to
gain understanding about ongoing story of the
environmental development of Kampong Maspati.
Thus, based on the explanation above, this
research would focus in how social participation
might affect a sustainable environmental
development and their strategy upon making
Fig. 3 Kampong Maspati
Fig. 4 Concept Diagram
Needs to be
Investigated
Sustainable
Environmental
Development
Participates in
2017
Kampong
Maspati
Surabaya Green and
Clean Competition
Environmental
Development
Output
2011
Kampong
Social
Participation
Strategy to
sustain the
developme
nt
Green and
Clean
Competitio
n
Government
Environmental
Development
Fixed
Fig. 1 Comparison between KIP and SGC
Fig. 2 The Timeframe of Maspati joining SGC
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sustainable environmental development will be
revealed.
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A Qualitative Method is chosen by conducting
interviews, observations, and taking field notes.
Sampling Technique
Researcher would use two different sampling
method, those are purposive sampling technique and snowball sampling. Purposive sampling technique
will focus on the selection of the information.
And snowball sampling where an informant helps
researcher to find another potential informant who
is expected to provide the needed information.
4. FINDINGS
4.1 Motivation to Start New Movement
1.) To join the Surabaya Green and Clean
competition and acknowledged by government
and people in general that they exist and has
historical value.
2.) Motivated by other kampongs that are
attractive, clean and lush of greenings.
3.) They witnessed the benefits of conducting
environmental development such as the potency
to develop economy, health benefits, etc.
4.2 Role of Women Organization for Socializing
Environmental Awareness
The women organization of kampong Maspati
carries both tasks of learning about managing
environment issues through facilitator provided by
government and also to spread environmental
awareness to people of Kampong Maspati in general.
There are several methods used for spreading
the environmental awareness to people. First, by
holding weekly Women Organization Meeting.
Each meeting will discuss different topics
related to health, welfare, and environmental
issues. They also applied different ways upon
convincing people to take environmental awareness
seriously by making personal approach,
distributing plants by free to each houses, and
showcasing kinship in order to encourage more
people to join in.
4.3 Environmental Development by Kampong Maspati
A. Greening Strategy
In the favor of carrying out an effective
way of greening the kampong, Kampong Maspati
has two greening strategies, those are:
By making a cluster of 10 houses, an
organized greening plan can be achieved and
people can share their thoughts evenly.
The second strategies, that is by placing
plants along the road perimeter and parallel to
opposite side so that the greens would look dense
and lush like in the picture below.
B. Greening Policies
Despite that it is not on the requirements
list of‘Surabaya Green and Clean competition’,
Kampong Maspati established a policy that each
Learn
Environmental
Knowledge Women
Organization of
Kampong Maspati
Learning Center at
District Office
provided by
Government
Women
Organization of
Kampong Maspati
People of
Kampong
Maspati
Teach
Environmental
Knowledge
2
1
1
2 Fig. 5 Role of Women organization
Fig. 6 Women Organization Meeting
Fig. 7 Approaches for convincing people
Fig. 8 Greening Strategy 1
Fig. 9 Greening Strategy 2
Fig. 10 The greenery in Kampong
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house should have at least 3 kinds of herbal
plants, 2 decorative plants, and 1 shading plant.
Each people has the record book of the owner
and also the species of plants, thus they can share
plants with each other.
They also has another policy of having one
thematic edible plants that later be used as
materials to make homemade food or drinks
products. This act is a manifestation of economic
empowerment of Kampong Maspati.
The products usually will be sold on street
or online market. Earned money will be partially
used for environmental development.
C. Waste Management
Bank of waste, is a program that emphasize on
filtering non organic waste and making money out
of it. By collecting plastic bottles, newspaper
that later will be weigh-measured and sold, the
money earned will be recorded in a bank book. The
whole earned money will be deposited as
environmental savings.
D. Mutual Cooperation in Developing Environment
People has a strong attachment to their
plants, they don’t need to be told to maintain
and water them. Whenever they see people working,
people would involuntarily join the activities.
4.4 Money Circulation
Kampong Maspati has several different methods
on collecting money from people. Those are:
a. Monthly Money Subscription
People ought to pay around Rp. 2000-5000 (20-
50 yen) per month. Half will be used as social
funding (death compensation) and other half will
be used to manage waste.
b. Money from Bank of Waste and Homemade Products
The output of environmental development, as
mentioned before, ‘Bank of Waste’ and Homemade
Products have generated money in order to be used
for environmental development, that is buying
plant, maintenance for environmental equipment,
etc. The money circulates around the cycle of
buying plants-Homemade products and bank of waste-
earn money-buying plants again.
4.5 Contributions from Local Government
Local government also made contribution to
Kampong Maspati in different aspects, such as
providing facilitation for Kampong People to learn
environmental management and for infrastructure
development, they sent in some plants seeds,
renewed the pavement and renovated some historical
houses to welcome the event of UN Habitat prepcom
III in Surabaya on July 2016.
Environmental
Development
‘Bank of Waste’
Homemade Products
Fig. 18 Contribution from Government
Fig. 17 Historical houses and Kampong festival
Output
Input
Contributions
from Local
Government
Environmental
Knowledge
Plants
Seeds
Infrastructure
Development
Kampong
Maspati
Greening
Activity
Tourism
Potential
Diagram
Fig. 11 Greening Policy 1
Fig. 12 Greening Policy 2
Fig. 13 Bank of waste
Fig. 14 Mutual cooperation
Fig. 15 Output from Environmental Development
Fig. 16 Closed cycle of money circulation
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4.6 Contributions from CSR PT Pelindo III
PT Pelindo III, a CSR (Corporate
Social Responsibility) company,
agreed to become sponsorship partner
of Kampong Maspati. Through the
submittance of the proposal made by
Kampong Maspati to build their first meeting hall
for infrastructure development.
Programs established for Kampong Maspati:
- Infrastructure development;
- Tourism promotions; provision of promotional
facilities, training for tourist guide,
holding‘Kampong Festivals’
- Economic empowerment; entrepreneurship
training, marketing
5. Conclusion
A stimulant program with competition format
might motivates Kampong people more than the
(linear) top-bottom program by Government.
Social Participation is very crucial, Since
Kampong people hold the authority to direct the
development, they will grow an emotional
attachment to their development.
By taking advantage of the development, such as
producing homemade products that generates money,
this activity will sustain the environmental
development. CSR -company as the economical backup
also necessary to help Kampong Maspati improved.
References
1. Slamet, Y. 1993. Pembangunan Masyarakat Berwawasan
Partisipasi. Sebelas Maret University Press.
2. Saldana, J. 2003 The Coding Manual for Qualitative
Researches. Sage Publications
3. Turner, JFC. 1976. Housing by People, Towards Autonomy
in Building Evironments. Pantheon
Fig.21 Facilities by Pelindo III and Kampong Festival
1
2
3
Fig. 19 Diagram of Contributions in Maspati VI Street
Fig. 20 Diagram of Contributions in Maspati V Street
Contributions
from PT
Pelindo III
Historical
Destination
Promotion
Infrastructure
Development
Kampong
Maspati
Economic
Potential
Tourism
Potential Input
Output
Small-medium
enterprises
empowerment
Diagram
Fig. 22 Contribution from Pelindo III
Fig. 23 Conclusion 1
Fig. 24 Conclusion 2
Fig. 25 Conclusion 3
