Waves of religious excitement separated by long periods of
religious calm 1740s: FIRST GREAT AWAKENING 1800-1850;s: SECOND
GREAT AWAKENING Enthusiasm; controversy; religious experiment.
Christian Perfectionism Belief that salvation can lead to a sinless
life: heaven on earth Millennialism Christs return to earth will
begin a thousand year reign 2 ND GREAT AWAKENING
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Religion began to influence other ideals such as freedom from
cruelty of war, discrimination, intoxicated drinking, and slavery
Idealistic religion on a utopian socialism, moral reform, and other
ideas came to Christianity 2 ND GREAT AWAKENING
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Are people free to re-invent Religion? William Ellery Channing
developed concept of Unitarian Faith Ralph Waldo Emerson became a
Unitarian UNITARIANISM: Rejects Trinity (insists on Unitary God)
Rejects Jesus divinity Rejects Centrality of Jesus Crucifixion
& Resurrection Belief was in free will and possibility of
salvation through good works Insists on right of individual to mold
his or her own religion UNITARIANS
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DIVISIVENESS CAUSED BY THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING Second Great
Awakening widened lines between class and region Episcopalians,
Presbyterians, Congregationalists, and Unitarians --> Wealthy
classes and better-educated Big Boundary between Northern
Protestants, Methodists, and Baptists; and Southern Protestants,
Methodists, and Baptists. This split between North and Southern
Faith and ideals in religion was considered the first sign of
splitting. Later followed by a split in politics and the Union.
Protestants encouraged increase in educational learning and also
importance of education in every household Most importantly led to
a moral reform movements, especially in the North
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Who were they? Intellectuals Primarily from New England Middle
class What did they believe? Individualism Self-reliance Dissent
Non-conformity transcend to the ideal world of reality
Anti-industrialism Prominent Transcendentalists Ralph Waldo Emerson
Henry David Thoreau Walt Whitman Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman
Melville Edgar Allen Poe Emily Dickenson Margaret Fuller
TRANSCENDENTALISTS
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Ralph Waldo Emerson behind the concrete world we can transcend
to the ideal world of reality
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TRANSCENDENTALISTS Henry David Thoreau Live life simply
Chronicled his experiences in Walden
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TRANSCENDENTALISTS THE POETS Walt WhitmanEmily Dickinson Edgar
Allen Poe
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TRANSCENDENTALISTS THE NOVELISTS Nathaniel HawthorneHerman
Melville
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TRANSCENDENTALISTS Margaret Fuller Believed in
transcendentalism for all Early advocate for womens rights
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Who were they? Transcendentalists looking for the perfect
society What did they believe? Communal societies Each person
contributes Agricultural communities Resources went to the group
Generally religious in nature Education was important Wanted to
live life their way Some of the most prominent utopias Brook Farm,
Massachusetts Oneida, New York Also included some religious groups
Shakers Mormons UTOPIANS
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ONEIDA COMPLEX
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ONEIDA COMMUNITY
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GEORGE RIPLEYS TRANSCENDENTALIST COMMUNE
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SHAKER BELIEFS AND PRACTICES FROM MOTHER ANN LEE Pacificism
Celibacy Work Dance Song Collective Ownership
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MOTHER ANN LEE
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SHAKER COMMUNITIES
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MORMONISM 1830- Joseph Smith, a visionary, reported an
encounter with an angel Deciphered the Book of Mormon from golden
plates given to him Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter-Day Saints Had leaders that were dedicated to free
enterprise Voted as a unit and produced their own militia Moved
from New York to Ohio Intended to build Zion in western Missouri
Expelled from Missouri to Nauvoo, Illinois Joseph Smith arrested;
executed by mob Brigham Young becomes the leader Polygamy became a
problem for the LDS Movement to Utah - use of irrigation system in
desert of Utah
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MORMON LEADERS Joseph SmithBrigham Young
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Zion in the Wilderness Petitioned for territory of Deseret
Granted Utah Territory Had to renounce polygamy to earn statehood
Successful due to unity and leadership GREAT MORMON TREK
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Named after William Miller, self-taught Bible Scholar
Interpreted the Bible to mean that Christ would return to earth on
October 22, 1843. Called the Great Disappointment The failure of
Jesus to descend on schedule dampened but did not destroy the
movement. Determined the event happened in heaven not on earth
Seventh Day Adventists MILLERITES
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WOMENS MOVEMENT Women pursued rights for themselves and others
Issues Property ownership Custodial rights Marriage/Divorce rights
Legal rights in court Suffrage Other issues Treatment of the less
fortunate Temperance Slavery
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DOROTHEA DIX
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THE SENECA FALLS CONVENTION
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Organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton Held in
1848 in Seneca Falls, New York Advocated equality in Family
Education Jobs Religion Morals Issued a Declaration of Sentiments
(modeled after the Declaration of Independence)
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SUSAN B. ANTHONY Advocated Womens suffrage Temperance Abolition
of slavery
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TEMPERANCE Social movement against the use of alcohol American
Temperance Society formed in 1826 Felt it violated religion and
morality Was almost exclusively a Protestant issue (not
Catholic)
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WHAT DOES THIS CARTOON MEAN?
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DEHUMANIZATION OF INDUSTRIALISM VS. UTOPIAN IDEALS
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HOW ARE WOMENS ROLES CHANGING AND HOW DOES IT IMPACT
SOCIETY?