SOCIAL MOVEMENT IAM

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SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN INDIA

SEMESTER 1 :- SOCIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT

F.Y. B.M.M. 2013-14

GUIDED BY : PROF. AMANJEET KAUR

PRESENTED BY:

TANUJ BAROT


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Civil Rights Movement: The civil rights movement was a worldwide political movement for legal

equality that occurred between approximately 1950 and 1980.

APPEARS IN THIS RELATED CONCEPT:

Protestantism

conservative: A person who favors maintenance of the status quo or reversion to some earlier status.

APPEARS IN THESE RELATED CONCEPTS:

An Overview of U.S. Values

African Americans as a Political Force

democracy: a system of rule by the people, especially as a form of government; either directly or

through elected representatives

Cultural Anthropologist David F. Aberle has identified four kinds ofsocial movements:

alternative, redemptive, reformative, and revolutionary social movements. Socialmovements can occur at the individual level or thegroup/societal level and they canadvocate for either minor or radical changes.

Alternative social movements are at the individual level and advocate for minorchange.

Redemptive social movements are at the individual level and advocate for radicalchanges.
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Reformative social movements occur at a broader group or societal level and advocatefor minor changes.

Revolutionary social movements occur at a broader group or societal level andadvocate for radical changes.

Other ways to categorize social movements include classifying by scope, type ofchange, targets, methods, and range.

Social movementsare a specific type of group action in which large informal groups ofindividuals or organizations work for or against change in specific political or socialissues.Cultural Anthropologist David F. Aberle described four types of social movementsbased upon two fundamental questions:(1) who is the movement attempting to change?(2) how much change is being advocated? Social movements can be aimed at change onan individual level, e.g. Alcoholics Anonymous, which is a support group for recoveringalcoholics or change on a broader group or even societal level,e.g. anti-globalization).Social movements can also advocate for minor changes such as tougher restrictions ondrunk driving (see MADD) or radical changes like prohibition. The diagram belowillustrates how a social movement may either be alternative, redemptive, reformative orrevolutionary based on who the movement strives to change and how much change themovement desires to bring about Figure 1.Other categories have been used to distinguish between types of social movements.

Scope: A movement can be either reform or radical. A reform movement advocateschanging some norms or laws while a radical movement is dedicated to changing valuesystems in some fundamental way. A reform movement might be a trade union seekingto increase workers' rights while the AmericanCivil Rights movementwas a radicalmovement.

Type of Change: A movement might seek change that is either innovative orconservative. An innovative movement wants to introduce or change norms and valueswhile a conservative movement seeks to preserve existing norms and values.

Targets: Group-focused movements focus on influencing groups or society in general;for example, attempting to change the political system from a monarchy to a democracy.An individual-focused movement seeks to affect individuals.

Methods of Work: Peaceful movements utilize techniques such as nonviolentresistance and civil disobedience. Violent movements resort to violence whenseekingsocial change.

Range: Global movements, such as Communism in the early 20th century, havetransnational objectives. Local movements are focused on local or regional objectivessuch as preserving an historic building or protecting a natural habitat.
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2012 Indian anti-corruption movement

The 2012 Indian anti-corruption movement is a series ofdemonstrationsand protests

acrossIndiaintended to establish strong legislation and enforcement against perceived endemicpolitical

corruption. It was a revival of the2011 Indian anti-corruption movement, which had ended on the last dayof the winter session of theRajya Sabha. The movement restarted with an initial mass gathering atJantar

Mantar,New Delhion 25 March 2012.

Contents1 Background2 Detail3 See also4 References

Background

The 2012 Indian anti-corruption movement is the successor tosimilar activitiesthat happened in 2011.

The figurehead wasAnna Hazare, asocial activist. Popularly known asTeam Anna, one of the

movement's main demands was the passing of legislation enabling an anti-corruption and enforcement

body. On 27 December 2011, theLok Sabha- thelower houseof theIndian parliament- passed the

controversialJan Lokpal Bill, which Team Anna said was weaker than they had been demanding. The bill

suffered delays in the Rajya Sabha, theupper houseof parliament and could not get passed during the

winter session. The government reintroduced the bill in the Rajya Sabha in February 2012 but the bill was

not timetabled for debate and the session ended without it being passed.

DetailIn February 2012,Kiran Bedialleged that the Congress party had cheated them by introducing a watered-

down anti-corruption bill Hazare declared that the protest movement would recommence and a mark of

protest he sat on hunger strike on 25 March 2012 for one day. A month later, Hazare sat a token one-day

fast focussed on remembrance of whistle-blowers such asNarendra KumarandSatyendra Dubeywho

had died as a result of their support for the anti-corruption cause. On 3 June, Hazare undertook another

one-day fast atJantar Mantar, where he was joined byRamdev, ayogaguru. This attracted a large

crowd in support.

Jantar Mantar was the scene of an "indefinite" fast that began on 25 July and involved various members

ofTeam Anna, although Hazare was not involved until four days later. The focus on this occasion was a

protest against the government's refusal of an inquiry against the prime minister and 14 cabinet ministers,

whom they had accused of corruption. The fast ended on 3 August. Three days later, Hazare announced

that since the government seemed to be unready to enact the Jan Lokpal Bill, he and his fellow activists

had decided to end their fast, to discontinue talks with the government and to cease any protests under

the Team Anna name.

Towards the end of 2012, Hazare and Bedi reformed Team Anna, while Kejriwal and some others split

from the erstwhile apolitical movement with the intention of forming what was to become theAam Aadmi

Party.
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i/Jantar_Mantarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jantar_Mantarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajya_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_corruptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_corruptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstration_(people)


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Causes

Government corruption

Police corruption

Judicial corruption

Corporate corruption

Unemployment

Discretionary powers of politician

Black money

Government corruption

Political corruption is the use of power by government officials for illegitimate private gain. Misuse

ofgovernmentpower for other purposes, such asrepressionof political opponents and generalpolice

brutality, is not considered political corruption. Neither are illegal acts by private persons or corporations

not directly involved with the government. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption

only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done undercolor of lawor involvestrading in

influence.

Police corruption

Police corruption is a form ofpolice misconductin which law enforcement officers seek personal gain,

such as money or career advancement, through the abuse of power, for example by accepting bribes in

exchange for not pursuing, or selectively pursuing, an investigation or arrest.

Judicial corruption

Judicial corruption is judges more interested in bringing money into the courthouse bank and being a productive

banker rather than making certain that justice is served and citizens are treated fairly according to law. Allowing case

chamber decisions before entering the courtroom and just placing the decision on the record and never permitting all

evidence to be entered into the record and the defendant even to speak in their own defence.

Corporate corruptionIncriminology,corporate crime refers to crimes committed either by acorporation(i.e., abusiness

entityhaving a separate legal personality from thenatural personsthat manage its activities), or by

individuals acting on behalf of a corporation or other business entity (see vicarious liabilityandcorporate

liability). Some negative behaviours by corporations may not actually be criminal; laws vary between

jurisdictions. For example, some jurisdictions allowinsider trading.

Unemployment

Unemployment (orjoblessness) occurs when people are without work and actively seeking

work. Theunemployment rateis a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a

percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor

force. During periods ofrecession, an economy usually experiences a relatively high unemployment rate.

According toInternational Labour Organizationreport, more than 197 million people globally are out of

work or 6% of the world's workforce were without a job in 2012.
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Discretionary powers of politician

Discretionary Power

the authority granted by the law to a head of state or government or other high official to act on his owndiscretion under certain conditions, for instance, in an emergency situation. Widely practiced in bourgeoisstates, the granting of discretionary power to state and administrative agencies, individual officials, andjudges is an expression of the crisis of bourgeois legality. For instance, in 1968 the Federal Republic ofGermany adopted the so-called emergency laws granting wide discretionary powers to the government.

Black money

InIndia,Black money refers to funds earned on theblack market, on which income and other taxes hasnot been paid. The total amount of black money deposited in foreign banks by Indians is unknown.

Method of movement

Nonviolent resistance (ornonviolent action) is the practice of achieving goalsthroughsymbolicprotests,civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation,satyagraha, andother methods, without usingviolence. It is largely but wrongly taken as synonymous with civil resistance.

Each of these terms ("nonviolent resistance" and "civil resistance") has its distinct merits and also quitedifferent connotations and commitments, which are briefly explored in the entry oncivil resistance. Forinstance you can operate non-violence on quite all peaceful fronts of refusals, but on some occasionswithout denying concurrently the government in activity.
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