Social Impact (Day 13)

8/11/2019 Social Impact (Day 13)

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SOCIAL IMPACTS OF

TOURISM

Tourism brings about social change. Tourists oftenunconsciously influence the community they visit,

especially if there is a large gap in living standard betweenthe two. This is also known as the demonstration effect.Similarly, tourist who take an active interest in their hostcommunity may well end up changing their own views andattitudes.


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TYPOLOGIES OF TOURISTS

Reflects the diversity of individualmotivations, styles, interests, and value oftourists.

Through time, tourist have been describedas pilgrims

Typologies based on age and economy

were introduced by Cohen, who suggeststourists roles can be as drifters, explorersand individual and organized mass tourist


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COHENS MODEL

Organized Mass Tourist

Packaged tours

Prefers the familiar environment

Individual Mass Tourist Major arrangements made through a travel intermediary

Tourist has some control over his itinerary and time

locations

Remains with the environmental bubble of home country


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COHENS MODEL

Explorer Usually plan his own trip

Avoids developed tourist attraction

Mixes with locals but still protected by environmentalbubble

Drifter Plan his own trip

Avoid tourist attractions and lives with the locals

Immerses in the host culture, partakes of the local food,lives in the native shelter and observes local habits andlifestyle


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TOURIST-HOST INTERACTIONS

Do you prepare yourself before going off on

vacation?

Harmony between guests and hosts and

their communities can be destroyed if both

are unprepared for the encounter


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TOURIST-HOST ENCOUNTERS

Tourist experience a variety of encounterswith host communities

These encounters can range from

excellent to downright scaryUNESCO names four characteristics of

tourist-host relationships

Its transitory natureTemporal and spatial constraint

Lack of spontaneity

Unequal and unbalanced experiences


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DOXEYS IRRIDEX OF TOURIST IRRITATION

Euphoria-visitors are welcome; there areopportunities for local people and new money flowsin-but there is little planning

Apathy-visitors are taken for granted; they becometargets for profit-making, and contacts becomeformal

Annoyance- saturation is approached, with too

many people visiting the destination for it to remainenjoyable especially in the peak season


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DOXEYS IRRIDEX OF TOURIST IRRITATION

Antagonism- open irritation appears;

planning is remedial; promotion is increased

to offset the deteriorating reputation of the

destination

Acceptance- the place has changed

permanently; change is now accepted by the

residents; they have forgotten what the areawas like before the first tourist arrived


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DEMONSTRATION EFFECT

The demonstration effect as the

phenomenon of local residents adopting the

styles and manners they have observed in

visiting tourists


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COST OF TOURISM TO A COMMUNITY

Additional sewage treatment, police and fire

protection, schools, possibly airports

Possible increase in crime

Greater pollution

Increased congestion

Possible limits on access to beaches

Increased social dislocation Increase in cost of living; food, rent, transportation,

labor


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BENEFITS OF TOURISM TO A

COMMUNITY

More employment options

Rise in property values

Increased tax revenues

Added entertainment options

Possible beautification of area

Greater ease of travel fro residents

Greater educational opportunities

Greater choice of cars, food, clothing, etc


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SOCIAL TOURISM

Implies that at least part of the travel and or

destination experience is subsidized. This

includes such different things as employer

holiday bonuses, government-ownedtransportation and or accommodations and

government subsidized parks.

Documents

Social Impact (Day 13)