SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH GROUP

2014 ANNUAL REPORT

IMPROVING LIVES THROUGH RESEARCH

Dear friends,

The year 2014 was an eventful one for SDRG. In September,

Richard F. Catalano, PhD, stepped down from his post as

director after 10 years at our helm. Fortunately, Rico remains

with us as an investigator and continues as a professor in the

UW School of Social Work. We look forward to Rico’s continuing

inspiration and collaboration for many years to come.

The past year has been eventful for me as well. After a national

search, I was selected as SDRG’s third director, following in

the footsteps of Rico and J. David Hawkins, PhD, who founded

SDRG with Rico and served as its first director. Rico and David

built this organization and have had an immeasurable impact.

I am now privileged to lead the next generation of prevention

science at SDRG.

It’s exciting to see new research directions emerge in response

to social changes. We are expanding our research into new

areas, such as preventing youth marijuana use in states where

adult use is legal. We are studying the relationship between

the built environment and well-being, the use of Facebook for

reaching parents, and improving education for young adults

aging out of foster care. Our Communities That Care work in

Latin America is expanding into Chile. You can read about these

new research directions in the main article starting on page 1

of this report. Another milestone for SDRG is the completion of

our 700th manuscript. Since the completion of our first article in

1978, our productivity has increased sharply, particularly in the

last 12 years. This year we had 28 works published. We have 31

active research, training, and data collection projects.

Kevin P. Haggerty, MSW, PhD DIRECTOR

Charlotte Eidlin ADMINISTRATOR

Sabrina Oesterle, PhD ASSISTANT DIRECTOR

Danielle Woodward SURVEY RESEARCH DIVISION DIRECTOR

Richard F. Catalano, Jr., PhD J. David Hawkins, PhD FOUNDERS

It’s also been an incredibly productive year for our Survey

Research Division. Danielle Woodward directs the division in

achieving high response rates in our longitudinal studies. For

example, in a 24-month follow up for the Common Sense

Parenting project, SRD had a response rate of 94% for parents

and 92% for teens. The Community Youth Development

Study’s response rate was 91% (N = 4,001) at the 11-year follow-

up. The International Youth Development Study, 10 years

after the most recent round of data collection, successfully

located 98.5% of targeted subjects (N = 961; average age 25) and

surveyed 87% of them. Our Survey Research Division stands out

for its high-quality data and outstanding retention rates.

Over the next year we will be updating our five-year strategic

plan. I am pleased that our new Assistant Director, Sabrina

Oesterle, PhD is leading this effort. You can continue to

expect great things from SDRG. Our high-quality research and

scholarship will continue, thanks to our staff, former directors,

collaborators, funders, and the communities that use and

contribute to our work. I am grateful for the opportunity to lead

SDRG and am proud to continue our efforts to improve lives

through research.

Kevin P. Haggerty, PhD

In 2014 we continued with research in our areas of strength—prevention intervention research and longitudinal

studies of child, adolescent, and adult development—and we are also moving into innovative new areas of

research as rapid social change presents new challenges. Social, legal, and technological change demands

nimble responses in order to apply our strong scientific expertise to emerging questions. Whether the challenge

is addressing legalized marijuana; disseminating tested prevention interventions globally; supporting the

transition to adulthood for vulnerable youth in foster care; examining the intersection of the built environment,

social environment, and health; or utilizing technology to deliver interventions more broadly, our principal

investigators are stepping up to understand and promote healthy behaviors and positive social development

among children, youth, and adults. The continuity and innovation of SDRG’s research is highlighted below in

descriptions of five new studies, three of which are headed by new principal investigators.

NEW DIRECTIONS IN

RESEARCH

Fostering Higher Education

Pilot Implementation of the Communities That Care (CTC) Prevention System in Chile

The Substance Use and Norms Project

Environmental Mechanisms for Health, Drug Abuse, and HIV Risk Behavior in the 30s

Using Facebook to Recruit Parents to a Parenting Program to Prevent Teen Drug Use

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Dr. Nicole Eisenberg is now working to extend CTC’s reach into her native Chile. This project, funded by the San Carlos de Maipo Foundation in Chile, adapts the CTC system for a new cultural context. Eisenberg’s Chilean background makes this work immensely meaningful for her and helps in overcoming the inherent challenges in cultural and linguistic adaptation.

This project builds on previous research on the implementation and effects of CTC, including the randomized control trial known as the Community Youth Development Study, as well as work adapting CTC for use in Colombia. Faced with high rates of poverty, youth drug abuse, and youth dropping out of school, Chile has great need for prevention. This work targets youth in three highly disadvantaged communities. The long-term goal is to encourage the use of a science-based approach to prevention while also promoting the adaptation, development, and careful testing of culturally appropriate programs. In Chile, the team has conducted surveys to collect risk and protective factor data from over 2,000 youth. Prevention coalitions are in place and staff are now being trained.

Dr. Eisenberg enjoys the collaborative nature of the project, which brings together partners from three different countries, with very different perspectives and areas of expertise. Dr. Eisenberg’s co-principal investigator, Dr. Eric C. Brown, is a

former SDRG investigator who is now at the University of Miami. The project is funded and implemented locally by the San Carlos de Maipo Foundation in Chile and includes a collaboration with the Paz Ciudadana Foundation in Chile, the Nuevos Rumbos Corporation in Colombia, and with Dalene Dutton, a CTC master trainer from Five-Town Communities That Care in Maine.

The project funders at the San Carlos de Maipo Foundation say “We are very excited about working directly with communities, empowering them and building capacity. We are also enthusiastic about how this pilot is a relevant contribution to social programs in Chile, fostering a culture of evaluation and the development of evidence-based programs.” They feel that one of the “key challenges has been maintaining fidelity to the implementation of the original model while making adaptations that can help make it successful” in the Chilean context.

NEW PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR:

NICOLE EISENBERG, PHD

PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMMUNITIES THAT CARE (CTC) PREVENTION SYSTEM IN CHILE

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A wave of changes in marijuana laws has swept across U.S. states in recent years. Almost half of states now allow medical marijuana, and four states—Washington, Colorado, Oregon, and Alaska—as well as the District of Columbia have also legalized retail marijuana. The Substance Use and Norms (SUN) project positions SDRG in the midst of efforts to assess the impact of legalizing medical and retail marijuana. The shifting legal climate with respect to marijuana could potentially lead to increased availability of marijuana for adolescents, as well as more favorable community and parent attitudes towards marijuana use. This could, in turn, result in increased use of marijuana and other drugs among adolescents, which would have important public health consequences. Understanding the effects of law changes is imperative for guiding public policy and crafting and implementing laws that minimize the harms of adolescent marijuana use.

Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the SUN project uses statewide student survey data from five states—Washington, Oregon, Colorado, Montana, and Massachusetts—in time series that span more than two decades (1993–2014) to examine changes in marijuana use. The study also looks at changes in norms, attitudes, and perceived harm of marijuana use among youth, their peers and parents, and changes in use

of other types of substances, including alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. SUN lays a foundation for a future nationwide examination of the impact of state-level marijuana legislation on marijuana-related risk factors and substance use outcomes among youth.

Dr. Guttmannová sees a strong need for scientific evidence about the effects of marijuana legalization on substance use and other outcomes in order to shape policy and prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing harm resulting from substance misuse.

Alex Wagenaar, PhD, from the University of Florida is an external consultant on the study.

NEW PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR:

KATARÍNA GUTTMANNOVÁ, PHD

THE SUBSTANCE USE AND NORMS PROJECT

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PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR:

RICK KOSTERMAN, PHD

ENVIRONMENTAL MECHANISMS FOR HEALTH, DRUG ABUSE, AND HIV RISK BEHAVIOR IN THE 30s

The Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP) is a 30-year-long study that has followed a group of students from fifth grade into adulthood. Adding to SSDP’s rich database, Dr. Kosterman’s new study incorporates physical surroundings and their influence on health outcomes at age 39. Kosterman will investigate elements of the physical environment, for example, whether a neighborhood has sidewalks or nearby destinations, like parks and shopping centers, that residents can walk to, and whether they affect health. In this study, Kosterman is examining the built environment in combination with SDRG’s extensive existing measurement of social influences to see how social and physical surroundings interact. This cross-domain approach, funded by NIDA, should lead to a more holistic understanding of the many factors that lead to well-being in adulthood.

Kosterman is excited about the way this study complements other SDRG research into the factors behind healthy development, which ranges from the cellular level (including DNA) all the way to the built environment and the neighborhoods we live in.

External collaborators on this project include Jungeun Olivia Lee, PhD, University of Southern California; Cari McCarty, PhD, and Mylien Duong, PhD, Seattle Children’s Hospital; Lawrence Frank, PhD, Health & Community Design Lab, University of British Columbia; John Graham, PhD, The Methodology Center, Pennsylvania State University; William Beardslee, MD, Judge Baker Children’s Center, Harvard Medical School; Sandro Galea, MD, DrPH, Boston University School of Public Health; and Gina Lovasi, PhD, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health.

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PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR:

SABRINA OESTERLE, PHD

USING FACEBOOK TO RECRUIT PARENTS TO A PARENTING PROGRAM TO PREVENT TEEN DRUG USE

“ Because this is such a new idea, we will learn

something from this study, no matter what

happens, so it’s really a win-win situation. This is

what science should be like.”

SABRINA OESTERLE, PHD

SDRG has never used social media to recruit a sample or support the implementation of an intervention program. With this project, Dr. Oesterle brings SDRG into a realm of new technological possibilities.

This study is an attempt to find a solution to one of the most persistent problems in prevention science: how to get more parents to participate in parenting or family programs. Researchers know that parenting and family interventions can make a large difference in preventing child and youth problem behaviors like delinquency and substance use; providers, however, struggle to get enough parents to participate in order to foster significant community-wide change. Parenting programs are typically delivered in a workshop format over several weeks—a significant time investment and barrier for busy parents. One first step to try to increase parent involvement has been to give parents the option to complete a program on their own at their convenience. This has shown great promise because it gives them flexibility and control over what they do and when. Many people now connect online using social media like Facebook. This study asks whether we can use social media to reach and recruit more parents across a broad range of backgrounds.

Dr. Oesterle says “We had the idea that we could recruit parents to a parenting program by placing ads on Facebook and also asking parents to recruit others using their social media networks. We thought that social media could be a good way to engage and support parents by giving them the option to participate in an online discussion group while they completed the parenting program on their own. Our hope is that this new technology will turn out to be a more effective, easy, and cost-effective way to recruit parents and support delivery of the program.”

Megan Moreno, MD, of the Division of Adolescent Medicine at Seattle Children’s Hospital is a collaborator on this project.

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Dr. Salazar’s Fostering Higher Education project expands on SDRG’s work in preventive interventions and emerging adulthood to focus on young people transitioning from foster care to adulthood. This is a highly vulnerable population for whom very few evidence-based interventions exist. The goal of this project is to develop an intervention to increase college access and college success for these young people through components such as mentoring, educational advocacy, and substance abuse prevention.

Youth who have been in foster care have had to deal with many traumatic and unfair circumstances, and are then expected to become successful, independent adults without any of the traditional safety nets that most young adults have through their families of origin. A variety of programs and services have been developed to support these young people, but virtually no evidence supports the effectiveness of these services. These young people need and deserve services and supports that have been tested and found to be truly effective in helping them achieve their goals.

Dr. Salazar has been inspired by the outpouring of enthusiasm from community stakeholders about participating in focus groups to inform the design of the intervention. People actually had to be turned away because of lack of space. Her hope is that this study results in a strong intervention design that, if found to be effective, communities will be excited to put into place. She also hopes this study, which is funded by NIDA, inspires others to test programs serving this population in order to better understand what kind of impact they are truly having and how to make that impact stronger.

Collaborators on Fostering Higher Education include Mykell Daniels of the Mockingbird Society; Angelique Day, PhD, of the Transition to Independence Program at Wayne State

University; Robin Harwick, PhD, of Treehouse; David Inglish of the University of Washington; Tom Keller, PhD, from the Center for Interdisciplinary Mentoring Research at Portland State University; and Mary Larimer, PhD, and Christine Lee, PhD, from the Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors at the University of Washington.

“ I wanted to say how I feel about what can help change

the system for foster kids. Because like me, when I

was in it, I would’ve maybe done it differently if I had

somebody there to talk to me, but I didn’t have nobody

but my social worker, and where I was living, I didn’t

have a mentor or anything like that. So that’s why, if I

could help by saying what could help somebody else,

then, you know, I’ll feel good about it….”

FOCUS GROUP PARTICIPANT AND ALUMNUS OF FOSTER CARE ON THE MOTIVATION FOR PARTICIPATING

NEW PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR:

AMY SALAZAR, MSW, PHD

FOSTERING HIGHER EDUCATION

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SERVICE, HONORS & AWARDS, AND INVITED ADDRESSES

SERVICE

Richard F. Catalano is president-elect of the Society for Prevention Research and will serve as president from June 2015 to June 2017.

J. David Hawkins is serving on the Board of Children, Youth, and Families and on the Forum on Promoting Children’s Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health at the Institute of Medicine.

David Hawkins and Richard Catalano are on the Executive Committee of the Social Work Grand Challenges Initiative at the American Academy of Social Work and Social Welfare.

Margaret Kuklinski continues as a member of Mapping Advances in Prevention Science III: Economic Analysis of Prevention, charged with determining standards and best practices for economic analysis within the field of prevention research.

Margaret Kuklinski is participating in the Institute of Medicine Panel: The Use of Economic Evidence to Inform Investments in Children, Youth, and Families. This is an ad hoc committee to conduct a consensus study on how to improve the use of economic analysis of costs, benefits, and potential for return on investment to inform policy and funding decisions on investments for children, youth, and families (see http://iom .edu/Activities/Children/EconomicEvidence.aspx).

INVITED ADDRESSES

Amy Salazar gave a webinar presentation called Supporting college success and examining post-college life circumstances for foster care alumni for the Western Michigan University Center for Fostering Success series “Best Practice, Best Fit: Research that Informs Success in the Education to Career Pipeline for Students from Foster Care” in February 2014.

Eric C. Brown gave a presentation to the Uruguayan Scientific Advisory Panel on National Marijuana Legalization in March 2014 in Montevideo, Uruguay.

Richard Catalano presented keynote addresses at the Danish Crime Prevention Day National Conference in April 2014 in Copenhagen, Denmark, and the Crime Prevention and Communities conference, Australian Institute of Criminology in Melbourne, Australia in June 2014.

Richard Catalano gave a congressional briefing entitled Establishing interagency, community-based systems that promote healthy youth development and prevent delinquency and crime in September 2014.

Sabrina Oesterle gave a presentation called Health in young adulthood at the UW Leadership Education in Adolescent Health Seminar at Seattle Children’s Hospital in October 2014.

Richard Catalano presented at the IOM/NRC Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Innovations in Design and Utilization of Measurement Systems to Promote Children’s Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health conference held in Washington DC in November 2014.

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Eight UW MSW students have been working on Communities in Action this year (see page 8): Brian Chang, Juliet D’Alessandro, Celeste Goulding, Carolina Perez, Raymonda Reese, Kelsey Rote, Jen St. Cyr, and Ryan Wathne. Emiko Smuckler was an intern with Communities in Action in the summer of 2014.

Congratulations to the five SDRG graduate students who received their PhD degree in 2014: Bart Klika, Amanda Gilman, Kari Gloppen, Elizabeth Kim, and Allison Kristman-Valente.

HONORS AND AWARDS

SDRG alumna Valerie Shapiro received the Prytanean Faculty Award which is given annually to a woman junior faculty member at UC Berkeley for her record as a distinguished teacher, her demonstrated scholarly achievement, and her success as a role model for students.

David Hawkins was awarded the 2014 Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Society of Criminology Division of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology “for sustained and outstanding contributions to scholarly knowledge on developmental and life-course criminology.”

Richard Catalano and David Hawkins received an award for Outstanding Contributions to Prevention Research and Practice from the Utah Division of Substance Abuse and Mental Health, 2014.

Communities That Care (CTC) is a proven system for reducing alcohol and tobacco use, violence, and delinquency in

communities. CTC is already in use internationally as well as in the United States. With CTC, the impact is collective

and long lasting (up to 3 years after last exposure to evidence-based prevention programs). The UW Center for

Communities That Care, headed by Kevin Haggerty, provides strategic consultation to communities and states

working on prevention efforts for their youth.

In 2014, the Center began work with six new CTC projects using a new web-streamed training system called eCTC.

Local facilitators in Chicago, Seattle, and communities in Oregon and Utah have been trained to lead eCTC workshops

and are implementing eCTC with coaching support from the Center.

COMMUNITIES THAT CARE

UW CENTER FOR

USING CTC IN URBAN NEIGHBORHOODS

In two of these new projects, the Center for CTC is working with urban neighborhoods to implement the CTC system:

BRONZEVILLE DREAM CENTER, SOUTH SIDE OF CHICAGO

Pastor Chris Harris’ South Side Bright Star Church, in an effort backed by United Way of Metropolitan Chicago, Northwestern Medicine®, and The University of Chicago Medicine, has launched an innovative approach to combat violence, respond to existing trauma, and start to work upstream using CTC to strengthen community systems to prevent future delinquency and violence. In 2014, the community conducted a stakeholder analysis and readiness assessment as part of CTC Phase 1 activities and is now working with local schools to administer the CTC Youth Survey in spring 2015.

COMMUNITIES IN ACTION, CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST SEATTLE

In response to requests from its practicum agencies for assistance in coordinating community services to promote healthy child and youth development and decrease child-related problems to achieve deep community impact, the UW School of Social Work Dean, Edwina Uehara, has supported a five-year initiative based on CTC, called Communities in Action. The program began in January 2014 with a key leader orientation for city and community leaders. Stakeholders across sectors have joined together to form a coalition implementing the CTC system to improve youth outcomes across two historically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Students in their practicum placements provide backbone support for the coalition, thereby building capacity in future social work professionals for outcome-focused community collaboration. Margaret Spearmon, MSW, PhD, and Vaughnetta Barton, MSW, of the UW School of Social Work, and several UW MSW students are part of the Communities in Action effort.

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In a randomized trial, youth in CTC communities followed from Grade 5 were significantly more likely to abstain from substance use and delinquency through Grade 12. They were:

Hawkins, J.D., Oesterle, S., Brown, E.C., Abbott, R.D., & Catalano, R.F. (2014). Youth problem behaviors 8 years after implementing the Communities That Care prevention system. A community-randomized trial. JAMA Pediatrics, 168(2), 122-129.

MORE LIKELY TO HAVE ABSTAINED FROM ANY DRUG USE

MORE LIKELY TO HAVE ABSTAINED FROM ALCOHOL USE

MORE LIKELY TO HAVE ABSTAINED FROM CIGARETTE SMOKING

LESS LIKELY TO HAVE EVER COMMITTED A DELINQUENT ACT

LESS LIKELY TO HAVE EVER COMMITTED A VIOLENT ACT

32% 31% 13% 18% 14%

“ First there is inspiration, and then there is application.

Any great accomplishment is usually the work of

many hands.”

RODNEY CARTER, JR. BRONZEVILLE DREAM CENTER DIRECTOR

Kevin Haggerty links several pivotal concepts at a recent CTC facilitator training

CTC facilitator trainees at work

The UW Center for CTC offers implementation support for communities and states. This system includes a series of web-assisted workshops and tailored coaching to help a community successfully implement all five phases of CTC. This implementation support system is typically delivered over a two-year period and includes:

• Strategic consultation to get started

• Key leader orientation in the community

• Unlimited access to the web-assisted workshops, materials, and videos that guide a community through implementation of the CTC system

• Three-day training for the local coordinator/facilitator who will lead CTC web-assisted workshops in the community

• Proactive coaching and technical assistance (Skype, phone, or e-mail) to help the facilitator/coordinator guide the community through the milestones and benchmarks of each of the five phases of CTC—three contacts per month

• Technical support to run CTC web-assisted workshops in the community

• Access to online milestones and benchmarks to monitor progress and fidelity to the CTC implementation process

• A peer support system including monthly networking calls with other CTC coordinators

For states, the implementation support system also includes capacity building, coaching, training, and technical assistance to develop state or regional CTC coaches who can in turn support CTC implementation in communities in their region.

For more info about the UW Center for Communities That Care, contact Shelley Logan at ctr4ctc@uw.edu

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2014 PROJECTS

THE CENTER FOR COMMUNITIES THAT CARE

CTC Bronzeville (PI: KEVIN P. HAGGERTY)

The Center is providing training and research support, including support for implementing the CTC Youth Survey in 26 neighborhood schools, to the Bronzeville Dream Center in its efforts to implement the CTC prevention planning system in the South Side of Chicago. Funded by United Way of Metropolitan Chicago, Northwestern Medicine®, and The University of Chicago Medicine

Communities in Action, Central and Southeast Seattle (PI: RICHARD F. CATALANO)

The Center is supporting the UW School of Social Work in implementing CTC in a diverse and historically underserved community in Seattle.Funded by the University of Washington School of Social Work

CTC Guilford (PI: HAGGERTY)

Guilford County, North Carolina continues to receive training and research support from the Center to implement the CTC prevention planning system. Funded by The Cone Health Foundation, Greensboro, NC

Steps to Success, Montbello, CO (PI: HAGGERTY)

The Center gives collegial support for this CTC effort by providing access to the eCTC materials as well as coaching on their use.Funded by the CDC National Centers of Excellence in Youth Violence Prevention

CTC Keeping Families Together (PI: CATALANO)

In a pilot being conducted in two communities in Oregon, the Center is working with Keeping Families Together to adapt and implement the CTC planning process with the aim of preventing child abuse and neglect. Funded by the Keeping Families Together Initiative which is a partnership of Casey Family Programs, Oregon Department of Human Services, and the Children’s Trust Fund of Oregon, with additional funding from the Oregon Community Foundation and the Ford Family Foundation

eCTC Utah (PI: HAGGERTY)

Supporting development of the state’s infrastructure for CTC coaching is a part of the Center’s work in Utah, where the Center is working with several communities to implement the eCTC system, and at the same time supporting the development of regional CTC coaches who will be able to help other Utah communities implement eCTC.Funded by the state of Utah Division of Substance Abuse and Mental Health

CTC Manitoba (PI: HAGGERTY)

The Province of Manitoba receives training and research support from the Center to pilot the CTC prevention planning system in diverse communities throughout the province.Funded by Healthy Child Manitoba

CTC Australia (PI: CATALANO)

Communities That Care colleagues in Australia received coaching and consultation from the Center to further their national CTC implementation and research efforts.Funded by Communities That Care Ltd. Australia

The Community Youth Development Study: Long-term Effects of CTC on Young Adults from Small Towns (PIs: J. DAVID HAWKINS AND SABRINA OESTERLE)

This project studies the long-term effects of the CTC prevention system in a randomized trial of 12 pairs of matched communities across seven states. The study examines drug use, delinquency, violence, sexual risk behavior, and other health-risking behaviors during young adulthood (age 21 and 23) assessed in a panel of youth followed since fifth grade. The project also examines pathways to adulthood among these young adults who grew up in small towns of varying degrees of rurality.Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse

Evidence2Success (PI: CATALANO) This collaboration with the Annie E. Casey Foundation, the Dartington Social Research Unit in the United Kingdom, Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development, and Mainspring Consulting has developed a change model for public systems (juvenile justice, child welfare, and public schools) and neighborhoods to promote the positive development of children and families in disadvantaged urban communities. The program is being piloted in Providence, Rhode Island. SDRG is supporting the continued development, implementation, and evaluation of Evidence2Success.Funded by the Annie E. Casey Foundation

Feasibility of Substance Abuse Prevention in Foster Care Settings (PI: HAGGERTY)

This study evaluates the feasibility of disseminating an evidence-based, self-directed, family-focused substance abuse prevention program, Staying Connected with Your Teen, within the foster care system. The new program, called Connecting, focuses on identifying the specific needs and unique implementation issues encountered in administering this intervention to youth in foster care and families in the child welfare system. It brings together SDRG, Partners for Our Children (a foster care research group at the University of Washington School of Social Work), and the Washington State Children’s Administration.Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse

Fostering Higher Education (PI: AMY SALAZAR)

This two-year project focuses on designing a college-focused intervention for young people transitioning from foster care to adulthood. It contains components of educational advocacy, mentoring, and substance abuse prevention programming. (See page 6 for more information.)Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse

The International Youth Development Study (PI: CATALANO)

This is a collaborative project between SDRG and colleagues at the University of Melbourne, Deakin University, and the Australian Catholic University. The study investigates risk and protective factors for youth substance use and antisocial behavior using matched procedures and recruitment of statewide representative samples in Washington State and Victoria, Australia. This year we are collecting data on youth who began the project in Grade 7 and are now age 24.Funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

THE LEHIGH LONGITUDINAL STUDY (PI: TODD I. HERRENKOHL)

The Lehigh Longitudinal Study is a prospective investigation of the causes and consequences of child maltreatment. It began in the 1970s with children age 18 months to six years. Data were most recently collected in 2008–2010, when the children had entered middle adulthood.Recent data collection and analysis was funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the National Institute of Justice.

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Effects of Child Maltreatment on Adult Substance Use and Mental Health (PI: HERRENKOHL)

This project focuses on the long-term effects of child maltreatment and other forms of family adversity on substance use behaviors and mental health problems in adults. Goals are to study the effects of differing forms of child abuse, neglect, and childhood exposure to domestic violence on substance use and substance abuse risk in adulthood; depression and anxiety symptoms; and co-occurring disorders in adulthood. Analyses also are investigating the impact of patterns of cumulative victimization and adulthood stresses on adulthood functioning. Resilience and sources of protection for individuals with abuse histories are being examined in the context of several ongoing analyses.Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research

Effects of Child Maltreatment, Cumulative Victimization Experiences, and Proximal Life Stress on Adult Outcomes of Substance Use, Mental Health Problems, and Antisocial Behavior (PI: HERRENKOHL)

This project seeks to replicate and extend research findings on the effects of child maltreatment and exposure to domestic violence, subsequent victimization, and stress on antisocial behavior, crime, and adulthood interpersonal violence perpetration and victimization. The study also investigates patterns of resilience and predictors of desistence from antisocial behavior in maltreated children.Funded by the National Institute of Justice

Navasota RHC Trainings (PI: HAGGERTY)

SDRG is providing training and research support to the Navasota Independent School District (Navasota, Texas) as it implements the Raising Healthy Children program.Funded by the Navasota Independent School District through a grant from the U.S. Office of Adolescent Health

OSPI-2014 (PI: HAGGERTY)

SDRG is working with the Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction to determine and train evidence-based teaching practices for middle school teachers that promote student agency in learning. Funded by the Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction through a grant from the Raikes Foundation

A Pilot Implementation of the Communities That Care Prevention System in Chile (PIs: NICOLE EISENBERG AND ERIC C. BROWN)

SDRG is collaborating internationally with research teams in Chile, Colombia, and the United States to adapt and implement the Communities That Care prevention system in three low-income Chilean communities. (See page 2 for more information.)Funded by the San Carlos de Maipo Foundation, in Chile

Risk Factors for Adolescent Drug Use in the United States and Colombia (PI: BROWN)

SDRG is collaborating with researchers, practitioners, students, and governmental officials in Colombia, Chile, and Brazil to examine the validity and usability of measures of risk and protective factors by combining data from existing research studies of adolescent alcohol and drug use in Colombia and the United States. This project is being conducted in tandem with pilot initiatives in these countries to adapt and implement the Communities That Care prevention system. Project collaborators and consultants include the Community Youth Development Study (Hawkins and Oesterle, PIs), the Nuevos Rumbos Corporation (A. Pérez Gómez, PI), the Colombian Ministry of Health and Social Protection, the Colombian Family Welfare Institute, the University of Brasilia (Arthur Correa), the San Carlos de Maipo Foundation (Javiera Benitez), the Paz Ciudadana Foundation

(Catalina Mertz), and the Organization of American States’ Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (Francisco Cumsille).Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse

Seattle Public Schools High School Graduation Initiative (PI: MARGARET KUKLINSKI)

SDRG is working with the Seattle Public Schools (SPS) to evaluate the High School Graduation Initiative, which aims to reduce risk, increase protection, and improve attendance, behavioral issues, and academic performance in students at risk of dropping out of school. Under this project, SPS will address student needs with an array of evidence-based interventions and implement them with fidelity at several middle and high schools. It will also offer case management services to middle and high school students at high risk of truancy and drop out.Funded by the Seattle Public Schools

SEATTLE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT STUDIESStarted in the 1980s by J. David Hawkins, the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP) is a longitudinal study which examines the development of prosocial and antisocial behaviors. The 808 study participants were originally recruited when they were in fifth grade and have been interviewed regularly through age 35. The study included a universal preventive intervention during the elementary school years aimed at reducing youth health risk behaviors. SSDP currently encompasses five studies:

Gene-Environment Interplay in the Development of Tobacco and Alcohol Dependence (PI: KARL G. HILL)

This is a study to examine how genes and environment work together in affecting the development of tobacco and alcohol addiction in adulthood. DNA was assessed in SSDP participants, and in this study we are collaborating with two other longitudinal projects, Raising Healthy Children and the Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research, to examine genetic and environmental contributions to addiction and related outcomes.Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse

The SSDP Intergenerational Project (PIs: HILL AND JENNIFER BAILEY)

This is a longitudinal study of the children of SSDP participants. The study examines the effects and mechanisms of parental and grandparental drug use on the cognitive, emotional, academic, and social development of their children from birth to early adolescence and the potential for intergenerational impact of preventive intervention. Currently, under the direction of Dr. Jennifer Bailey, the project has received five years of support to examine the potential impact of marijuana legalization on child development.Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse

Adult Development and Mental Health (PI: RICK KOSTERMAN)

This project examined the course, consequences, predictors, and prevention of depression, social phobia, and generalized anxiety, as well as their co-occurrence with risk for HIV infection and substance use disorder in young adulthood, in the SSDP sample through age 33. Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse

Environmental Mechanisms for Health, Drug Abuse, and HIV Risk Behavior in the 30s (PI: KOSTERMAN)

The goal of the study is to understand mechanisms linking the social environment (defined by social interactions and developmental experiences) and the built environment (defined by a neighborhood’s physical features) to interrelated health problems in the 30s. (See page 4 for more information.)Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse

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Baheiraei, A, Soltani, F, Ebadi, A, Cheraghi, MA, Foroushani, AR, & Catalano, RF. (2014). Psychometric properties of the Iranian version of ‘Communities That Care Youth Survey’. Health Promotion International. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dau1062

Bailey, JA, Samek, DR, Keyes, MA, Hill, KG, Hicks, BM, McGue, M, Iacono, WG, Epstein, M, Catalano, RF, Haggerty, KP, & Hawkins, JD. (2014). General and substance-specific predictors of young adult nicotine dependence, alcohol use disorder, and problem behavior: Replication in two samples. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 138, 161-168.

Barkan, SE, Salazar, AM, Estep, K, Mattos, LM, Eichenlaub, C, & Haggerty, KP. (2014). Adapting an evidence based parenting program for child welfare involved teens and their caregivers. Children and Youth Services Review, 41, 53-61.

Catalano, RF, Toumbourou, JW, & Hawkins, JD. (2014). Positive youth development in the United States: History, efficacy and links to moral and character education. In L. Nucci, D. Narvaez & T. Krettenauer (Eds.), Handbook of moral and character education (2nd ed., pp. 423-440). New York and London: Routledge.

Eisenberg, ME, Toumbourou, JW, Catalano, RF, & Hemphill, SA. (2014). Social norms in the development of adolescent substance use: A longitudinal analysis of the International Youth Development Study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 1486-1497.

Epstein, M, Bailey, JA, Manhart, LE, Hill, KG, & Hawkins, JD. (2014). Sexual risk behavior in young adulthood: Broadening the scope beyond early sexual initiation. Journal of Sex Research, 51, 721-730.

Gilman, AB, Hill, KG, & Hawkins, JD. (2014). Long-term consequences of adolescent gang membership for adult functioning. American Journal of Public Health, 104, 938-945. See research brief at http://www.sdrg.org/pubs/ResearchBrief_Feb2015.pdf.

Gilman, AB, Hill, KG, Hawkins, JD, Howell, JC, & Kosterman, R. (2014). The developmental dynamics of joining a gang in adolescence: Patterns and predictors of gang membership. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 24, 204-219.

Gilman, AB, Hill, KG, Kim, BKE, Nevell, A, Hawkins, JD, & Farrington, DP. (2014). Understanding the relationship between self-reported offending and official criminal charges across early adulthood. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 24, 229-240.

Haggerty, KP, Skinner, ML, Catalano, RF, Abbott, RD, & Crutchfield, RD. (2014). Long-term effects of Staying Connected with Your Teen® on drug use frequency at age 20. Prevention Science. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1007/s11121-11014-10525-11128

Hawkins, JD, Catalano, RF, & Kuklinski, MR. (2014). Communities That Care. In G. Bruinsma & D. Weisburd (Eds.), Encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice (pp. 393-408). New York: Springer Science+Business Media.

Hemphill, SA, Heerde, JA, Scholes-Balog, K, Herrenkohl, TI, Toumbourou, JW, & Catalano, RF. (2014). Effects of early adolescent alcohol use on mid-adolescent school performance and connection: A longitudinal study of students in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States. Journal of School Health, 84, 706-715.

Hemphill, SA, Plenty, SM, Herrenkohl, TI, Toumbourou, JW, & Catalano, RF. (2014). Student and school factors associated with school suspension: A multilevel analysis of students in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States. Children and Youth Services Review, 36, 187-194.

Hemphill, SA, Tollit, M, & Herrenkohl, TI. (2014). Protective factors against the impact of school bullying perpetration and victimization on young adult externalizing and internalizing problems. Journal of School Violence, 13, 125-145.

Herrenkohl, TI, Jenson, JM, & Catalano, RF. (2014). Youth violence. In A. C. Michalos (Ed.), Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research (pp. 7294-7301). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.

2014 PUBLICATIONSPROJECTS CONTINUED

Effects of Marijuana Legalization in Washington State on Norms, Use and Parenting (PI: KOSTERMAN)

The goal of this one-year supplement to the Environmental Mechanisms study is to investigate marijuana legalization in Washington State and its association with changes in marijuana norms, patterns of marijuana use, and use of other substances. The study examines the moderating role of environmental factors and adult functioning, and assesses marijuana-specific parenting behaviors in order to inform prevention efforts. The study augments data from a Seattle-based longitudinal cohort (SSDP) with new marijuana-focused measures at age 39. Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse

BOYS TOWN PROJECTS

Stepping Up to High School (STUDY PI: W. ALEX MASON, BOYS TOWN, OMAHA, NEBRASKA; SUBCONTRACT PI: HAGGERTY)

This is a five-year experimental test of the efficacy of the Boys Town Common Sense Parenting program in improving the transition to high school in a selective sample of eighth-grade students in five public middle schools in Tacoma, Washington. Both the original program and a modified version supplemented with materials from the Stepping Up to High School curriculum are being evaluated.Funded by Boys Town through a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse

Impact of Marijuana Legalization on Parenting and the Transition to High School (STUDY PI: MASON, BOYS TOWN, OMAHA, NEBRASKA; SUBCONTRACT PI: HAGGERTY)

This is a one-year supplement to examine existing data on marijuana use trajectories and to conduct qualitative and quantitative assessments of marijuana prevention messaging for parents of teens.Funded by Boys Town through a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse

The Substance Use and Norms (SUN) Project: Marijuana Legislation and Changes in Youth Marijuana Use and Related Risk Factors (PI: KATARINA GUTTMANNOVA)

The SUN project examines the impact of marijuana-related legislation on adolescent substance use and related risk factors in Colorado, Washington, Oregon, and additional comparison states. (See page 3 for more information.)Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse

Supporting Early Adulthood Transitions Study (PI: CATALANO)

This project strengthens the evaluation of the Jim Casey Youth Opportunities Initiative, a program for youth aging out of foster care. We are developing and testing a key leader survey to assess system-level change and a youth outcome survey to be used in continuing assessment of the program.Funded by the Annie E. Casey Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Using Facebook to Recruit Parents to a Parenting Program to Prevent Teen Drug Use (PI: OESTERLE)

This study examines the feasibility of using the social networking site Facebook to recruit parents to complete a self-directed parenting program on preventing teen alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use. (See page 5 for more information.)Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse

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Jung, H, Herrenkohl, TI, Klika, JB, Lee, JO, & Brown, EC. (2014). Does child maltreatment predict adult crime? Reexamining the question in a prospective study of gender differences, education, and marital status. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1177/0886260514552446

Kim, BKE, Gloppen, KM, Rhew, IC, Oesterle, S, & Hawkins, JD. (2014). Effects of the Communities That Care prevention system on youth reports of protective factors. Prevention Science. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1007/s11121-11014-10524-11129

Klima, T, Skinner, ML, Haggerty, KP, Crutchfield, RD, & Catalano, RF. (2014). Exploring heavy drinking patterns among Black and White young adults. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 75, 839-849.

Kosterman, R, Hill, KG, Lee, JO, Meacham, MC, Abbott, RD, Catalano, RF, & Hawkins, JD. (2014). Young adult social development as a mediator of alcohol use disorder symptoms from age 21 to 30. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28, 248-358.

Lamont, AE, Van Horn, ML, & Hawkins, JD. (2014). Context-dependent pathways of the transmission of risk from communities to individuals. American Journal of Community Psychology. Advance online publication. doi:10.1007/s10464-10014-19682-y

Lee, JO, Hill, KG, Guttmannova, K, Hartigan, LA, Catalano, RF, & Hawkins, JD. (2014). Childhood and adolescent predictors of heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use disorder at ages 21 and 33: A domain-specific cumulative risk model. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 75, 684-694.

Mason, WA, & Fleming, CB. (2014). A more accurate approach to assessing alcohol use by self-report? American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 40, 422-423.

Mason, WA, Fleming, CB, Ringle, JL, Thompson, RW, Haggerty, KP, & Snyder, JJ. (2014). Reducing risks for problem behaviors during the high school transition: Proximal outcomes in the Common Sense Parenting trial. Journal of Child and Family Studies. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1007/s10826-10014-10059-10825

Monahan, KC, Oesterle, S, Rhew, IC, & Hawkins, JD. (2014). The relation between risk and protective factors for problem behaviors and depressive symptoms, antisocial behavior, and alcohol use in adolescence. Journal of Community Psychology, 42, 621-638.

Oats, RG, Cross, WF, Mason, WA, Casey-Goldstein, M, Thompson, RW, Hanson, K, & Haggerty, KP. (2014). Implementation assessment of widely used but understudied prevention programs: An illustration from the Common Sense Parenting trial. Evaluation and Program Planning, 44, 89-97.

Samek, DR, Keyes, MA, Hicks, BM, Bailey, J, McGue, M, & Iacono, WG. (2014). General and specific predictors of nicotine and alcohol dependence in early adulthood: Genetic and environmental influences. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 75, 623-634.

Storer, HL, Barkan, SE, Stenhouse, LL, Eichenlaub, C, Mallillin, A, & Haggerty, KP. (2014). In search of connection: The foster youth and caregiver relationship. Children and Youth Services Review, 42, 110-117.

Van Horn, ML, Fagan, AA, Hawkins, JD, & Oesterle, S. (2014). Effects of the Communities That Care system on cross-sectional profiles of adolescent substance use and delinquency. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47, 188-197.

Our Survey Research Division offers expert data collection services for researchers within and outside the University of Washington. SRD has over 20 years of experience in cross-sectional and longitudinal research and a proven track record of meeting objectives on time and within budget. Call to find out how our team of survey team leaders, programmers, data managers, interviewers, and locating specialists can help with your project.

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stronger for their thoughtful engagement.”

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