EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMAUSTRALIA SINGAPORE PHILIPPINES

- Education is the prime responsibility of the states and terittories under the Department of Education of Australia.

- Education is compulsory between ages of five and fifteen to seventeen. Post compulsory education is regulated within the Australian Qualification Framework.

- Government schools are free for Australian citizens and permanent residents, while catholic and independent schools charge fees.

Education Model/Framework1. Primary Education – primary school- Pre School- Pre school and pre-prep programs are relatively

unregulated and are not compulsory.- It is not considered schooling in Australia except for

Western Australia where in it is part of primary school system.

- It is run by state and territory government- Kindergarten, Grade/Year 1 – Grade/ Year 7 (SA, WA)- Kindergarten, Grade/Year 7 – Grade/Year 12 (ACT,

NSW, NT, TAS, VIC, QLD) Academic Year

- Varies between states and institutions, but generally runs from late January/early February until mid of December

2. Secondary Education – high school- Grade/ Year 7 – Grade/Year 12

Academic Year

- Managed by the Ministry of Education (MOE), which controls the development and administration ofstate schools receiving government funding, but also has an advisory and supervisory role in respect of private schools.

- Education spending usually makes up about 20 percent of the annual national budget, which subsidises state education and government-assisted private education for Singaporean citizens and funds the Edusave programme, the costs for which are significantly higher for non-citizens. In 2000 the Compulsory Education Act codified compulsory education for children of primary school age (excepting those with disabilities), and made it a criminal offence for parents to fail to enroll their children in school and ensure their regular attendance.Exemptions are allowed for homeschooling or full-time religious institutions, but parents must apply for exemption from the Ministry of Education and meet a minimum benchmark.

- Meritocracy is a fundamental ideology in Singapore and a fundamental principle in the education system which aims to identify and groom bright young students for positions of leadership.

- Bilingualism, or mother tongue policy, is a cornerstone of the Singapore education system. While English is the first language and the medium of instruction in schools, most students are required to take a "Mother Tongue" subject, which could be one of the three official languages: Standard Mandarin, Malay or Tamil.

The start of the twenty-first century's second decade saw a major improvement in the Philippine education system.

In 2011, the Department of Education started to implement the new K-12 educational system, which also included a new curriculum for all schools nationwide. The K-12 program has a so-called "phased implementation", which started in S.Y 2011-2012.

There are four "phases" during the implementation of the new system. These are:

Phase I: Laying the Foundations. Its goal is to finally implement the universal kindergarten, and the "development of the (entire) program".

Phase II: Modeling and Migration. Its goal is to promote the enactment of the basic education law, to finally start of the phased implementation of the new curriculum for Grades 1 to 4 and 7 to 10, and for the modeling of the senior high school.

Phase III: Complete Migration. Its goal is to finally implement the Grades 11 and 12 or the senior high school, and to signal the end of migration to the new educational system.

Phase IV: Completion of the Reform. Its goal is to complete the implementation of the K-12 education system.

Education Model/Framework

- Varies between states and institutions, but generally runs from late January/early February until mid of December

3. Tertiary Education – Universities, colleges, vocation education & training providers

- Primary study at university or a technical college in order to receive a qualification or further skills/trainings.

The Australian higher education system consisted of:

- 41 universities, of which 37 are public institutions, 2 are private, and 2 are Australian branches of overseas universities;

- 3 other self-accrediting higher education institutions; and

- non-self-accrediting higher education providers accredited by State and Territory authorities, numbering more than 150 as listed on State and Territory registers. These include several that are registered in more than one State and Territory.

Academic Year- From late February until mid-November with seasonal

holidays.

The federal government helps fund the public universities, but it was not involved in setting university curriculum. The Australian National Curriculum set curriculum and is mandatory to all schools.

Education Model/Framework

- The school year is divided into two semesters. The first begins in the beginning of January and ends in May; the second begins in July and ends in November.

1. Pre-School Education- Pre School Play group- Kindergarten2. Primary Education- P1 – P6- Primary education, normally starting at age seven, is a

four-year foundation stage (Primary 1 to 4) and a two-year orientation stage (Primary 5 to 6). Primary education is compulsory under the Compulsory Education Act since 2003.

- After six years of Primary education, students will have to sit for the national Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE). Students will then choose the secondary school of their choice based on their results at this examination; they will then be assigned to a secondary school based on merit and their choice.

3. Secondary Education- S1 – S5- Based on results of the PSLE, students are placed in

different secondary education tracks or streams: "Special", "Express", "Normal (Academic)", or "Normal (Technical)". Singaporeans are forbidden to attend international schools on the island without Ministry of Education permission.

Integrated Program

The Integrated Programme, also known as the "Through-Train Programme” is a scheme which allows the most able

1. Elementary School

Elementary school, sometimes called primary school or grade school (Filipino: paaralang elementarya, sometimes mababang paaralan), is the first part of the educational system, and it includes Kindergarten and the first six years of compulsory education (Grades 1–6).

2. Secondary School

The Department of Education specifies a compulsory curriculum for all high schooling, public and private. Grade 7 has five core subjects: Mathematics 7, Science 7, English 7, Filipino 7, and Asian History as part of Araling Panlipunan 7. The Grade 8 curriculum has Mathematics 8, Science 8,English 8, Filipino 8, and World History as part of Araling Panlipunan 8. Grade 9 has Mathematics 9, Science 9, Filipino 9, English 9, and Economics as part of Araling Panlipunan 9. The Grade 10 curriculum has Mathematics 10, Science 10, English 10, Filipino 10, and Contemporary Issues as part of Araling Panlipunan 10. Other subjects in all levels of junior high school include MAPEH(Music, Art, Physical Education and Health), Values Education and TLE(Technology and Livelihood Education).

In selective schools, various languages may be offered as electives, as well as other subjects such as computer programming and literary writing. Chinese schools have language and cultural electives. Preparatory schools usually add some business and accountancy courses, while science high schools have biology, chemistry, and physics at every level.

Formal technical and vocational education starts at

secondary students in Singapore to bypass "O" levels and take "A" levels, International Baccalaureate or an equivalent examination directly at the age of 18 after six years of secondary education.

Admission to Post-secondary education

Upon completion of the 4- or 5-year secondary school education, students (excluding IP students) will participate in the annual Singaporean GCE 'O' Level, the results of which determine which pre-universities or post-secondary institutions they may apply for. Pre-university centres include junior colleges for a two-year course leading up to GCE 'A' Level, or the Millennia Institute for a three-year course leading up to GCE 'A' Level. Junior colleges and the Millennia Institute accept students on merit, with a greater emphasis on academics than vocational technical education. Students who wish to pursue vocational education go on to post-secondary institutions such as the polytechnics and theInstitute of Technical Education (ITE), where they receive a diploma upon successful completion of their courses.

Pre-University - The pre-university centres of Singapore are designed for upper-stream students (roughly about 20%–25% of the cohort) who wish to pursue a university degree after two to three years of pre-university education, rather than stopping after polytechnic post-secondary education.

Junior College - Junior colleges in Singapore were initially designed to offer an accelerated alternative to the traditional three-year programme, but in recent years the two-year programme has become the norm for students pursuing university education.

Centralised Institute - Centralised Institutes offer the Commerce Stream offering subjects such as Principles of

secondary education, with a two year curriculum, which grants access to vocational tertiary education. Non-formal technical and vocational education is assumed by institutions usually accredited and approved by TESDA: center-based programs, community-based programs and enterprise-based training, or the Alternative Learning System (ALS)

3. Tertiary Education

Most tertiary institutions, generically called higher education institutions by the Commission on Higher Education of the Philippines (CHED) are licensed, controlled, and supervised by CHED. Records from CHED showed that the country had 1,573 private institutions and 607 state-run colleges and universities, a total of 2,080 HEIs as of August 2010

To be classified as universities, state universities and colleges (SUCs), CHED-supervised higher education institutions (CHEIs), private higher education institutions (PHEIs), and community colleges (CCs), must operate at least eight different degree programs. They must offer at least six undergraduate courses including a four-year course in liberal arts, a four-year course in Basic Science Mathematics, a four-year course in the Social Sciences, a minimum of three other active and recognized professional courses leading to government licensures, and at least two graduate-level courses leading to doctoral degrees. A further seven areas of requirements as universities are mandated by the Commission on Higher Education

Accounting and Management of Business. The standard of teaching and curriculum is identical to that of the Junior Colleges.

Institute of Technical Education

- Politechnics - Polytechnics offer a wide range of courses in various fields, including engineering, business studies, accountancy, tourism and hospitality management, mass communications, digital media and biotechnology. There are also specialised courses such as marine engineering, nautical studies, nursing, and optometry.

- Graduates of polytechnics with good grades can continue to pursue further tertiary education at the universities

- Diploma4. Tertiary Education - University- Degree Courses, Masters, Doctoral Programs

National Education Budget :- 489 Million AU dollars (5.10% of GDP), 80th ranking of

government expenditures on education

National Education Budget :- 11.60 Billion SG Dollars

National Education Budget :- 7.70 Billion US Dollars

Literacy : 99% (male and female) Literacy : 94.60% Literacy : 95.60%Language of Instruction : English Language of Instruction : English Language of Instruction: English/Filipino