Social ContractSocial ContractSocial ContractSocial Contract

How Latinos and Blacks make successfully in

U.S.?

How Latinos and Blacks make successfully in

U.S.?

Social Historical Empirical Social Historical Empirical WorkWorkSocial Historical Empirical Social Historical Empirical WorkWork

Main argument:◊ Cities are more segregated now than years ago.

◊ People live racially apart more now then before.

◊ It was constructed this way by: Government and Businesses (It was purposely built this way)

Main argument:◊ Cities are more segregated now than years ago.

◊ People live racially apart more now then before.

◊ It was constructed this way by: Government and Businesses (It was purposely built this way)

• How is self-worth sense built out of placeHow is self-worth sense built out of place??

• Government funded whites and excluded blacksGovernment funded whites and excluded blacks.

• Many suburbs were built out of racist not fair deals.Many suburbs were built out of racist not fair deals.

• There is a need to There is a need to deconstructdeconstructthe idea that people of the idea that people of color are lazy.color are lazy.

• There is need to There is need to deconstruct non-accurate deconstruct non-accurate sense of reality.sense of reality.

It was legal until 40 yrs ago, but in a It was legal until 40 yrs ago, but in a hidden way until today.hidden way until today.

In the 1900’s Restrictive covenants In the 1900’s Restrictive covenants stated in mortgage contracts that stated in mortgage contracts that buyers couldn’t sell the property to buyers couldn’t sell the property to certain people (specifically excluding certain people (specifically excluding people of color) people of color) = racially discriminatory.= racially discriminatory.

Block bustingBlock bustingBlock bustingBlock busting• Played on white fear, start a rumor that blacks are moving in.• By saying that “Black men were raping white women” to have whites move out to then sell property to Blacks and Latinos for higher prices.

But government directions said clearly But government directions said clearly who would qualify for the loanswho would qualify for the loans——again excluding Blacks, Mexicans… again excluding Blacks, Mexicans… between yrs. 1940’ to 60’s.between yrs. 1940’ to 60’s.

Government backs up loans through Government backs up loans through F.H.A. (Federal Housing Authority) to F.H.A. (Federal Housing Authority) to revive the economy, to change how revive the economy, to change how mortgage was done.mortgage was done.

Red liningRed liningRed liningRed lining• Mortgage Insurance - draw map of Mortgage Insurance - draw map of city with a red pencil, where Blacks city with a red pencil, where Blacks and Latinos live to make sure they and Latinos live to make sure they would not get insurance, 1930’s to would not get insurance, 1930’s to 60’s.60’s.

• Whites got all these loans, moved Whites got all these loans, moved to suburbs —it was 95% white.to suburbs —it was 95% white.

So Forces not coincidences So Forces not coincidences created a reality through Government Policiescreated a reality through Government Policies

Things that have happened since slavery Things that have happened since slavery benefited whites des-privileging people of color.benefited whites des-privileging people of color.

1974 -Fair Housing Act 1974 -Fair Housing Act passedpassed1974 -Fair Housing Act 1974 -Fair Housing Act passedpassed

(Influence of (Influence of Civil rights movement)Civil rights movement)It said that policies couldn’t discriminate It said that policies couldn’t discriminate

and and it reverted the Red Lining it reverted the Red Lining

and and gave more $ to people on Red lininggave more $ to people on Red lining

• But people there had their houses But people there had their houses already falling apart, since they already falling apart, since they couldn’t restore their houses. couldn’t restore their houses.

• Loans were given without down payment, Loans were given without down payment, but evidently it asked for higher monthly but evidently it asked for higher monthly payments.payments.

(1970’s)-- Unemployment (1970’s)-- Unemployment raisedraised(1970’s)-- Unemployment (1970’s)-- Unemployment raisedraised

• Evidently Blacks were the first to be Evidently Blacks were the first to be unemployed. unemployed. • So consequently they ended up So consequently they ended up defaulting the loans. defaulting the loans. • What happens to property when it is What happens to property when it is defaulted and it is federal government defaulted and it is federal government insured?insured?

Blacks had their credit Blacks had their credit ruinedruinedBlacks had their credit Blacks had their credit ruinedruined

• Banks took back property for free.Banks took back property for free.

• Bank redeveloped it by hiring arsonists to Bank redeveloped it by hiring arsonists to burn the brick buildings and since it was burn the brick buildings and since it was insured banks would get free remodeling and insured banks would get free remodeling and then would sell to wealthy whites with high then would sell to wealthy whites with high prices.prices.

CONCLUSION:CONCLUSION:CONCLUSION:CONCLUSION:

There is a call here to humbleness from white There is a call here to humbleness from white folks.folks.

Whites need to know that Whites need to know that

they didn’t get houses out of fair deals they didn’t get houses out of fair deals

and and

hard work per say only.hard work per say only.

Jonathan KOZOL in Jonathan KOZOL in Savage Savage InequalitiesInequalitiesJonathan KOZOL in Jonathan KOZOL in Savage Savage InequalitiesInequalities

Depending on where people live Depending on where people live tax to schooling change. tax to schooling change.

In L.A., poor areas they would pay In L.A., poor areas they would pay 3,000 for student 3,000 for student

and and In Beverly Hills In Beverly Hills

13,000 per student. 13,000 per student.

People of color need to feel People of color need to feel the good anger and know they the good anger and know they are not lazy, are not lazy, or stupid, but that oppression or stupid, but that oppression were done to them.were done to them.

People of color need to feel People of color need to feel the good anger and know they the good anger and know they are not lazy, are not lazy, or stupid, but that oppression or stupid, but that oppression were done to them.were done to them.

Sense of SelfSense of Self

People need to know how events People need to know how events came to be came to be

or were constructed or were constructed

before internalizing beliefs before internalizing beliefs about different groups’ sense of about different groups’ sense of

place.place.

Who worked harder, who Who worked harder, who cheated? cheated?

How wealth was constructed?How wealth was constructed?

When people say Blacks need to get over When people say Blacks need to get over

the tendency to blame white people the tendency to blame white people

for their own problems, for their own problems,

people need to understand that in reality people need to understand that in reality

whites continued to have advantages whites continued to have advantages

over people of color over people of color

since slavery ended.since slavery ended.

People need to understand People need to understand

why poor areas exist why poor areas exist

and and

how it came to be this way. how it came to be this way.

People need to realize how People need to realize how whites got there, whites got there,

it was not necessarily it was not necessarily because because

they were good people they were good people and the others were not. and the others were not.

There is a need to change There is a need to change

ground levelsground levels

and and

beliefs underneath beliefs underneath

people of light skin color people of light skin color feet. feet.