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Social Changes in the 15 th Century 14 th -Century Hangover Shifts in Population 15 th -Century Implications Rise and Fall of Economies Social Order Disturbed Jack Cade’s Rebellion Popular Discontent “Pure” & “Bastard” Feudalism Ideals, Customs of Old Systems, Networks of New Rivaling Families Potential for Disorder At Lower, Local Levels Medieval Spon Street, Coventry

Social Changes in the 15 th Century 14 th -Century Hangover Shifts in Population 15 th -Century Implications Rise and Fall of Economies Social Order Disturbed

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Page 1: Social Changes in the 15 th Century 14 th -Century Hangover Shifts in Population 15 th -Century Implications Rise and Fall of Economies Social Order Disturbed

Social Changes in the 15th Century14th-Century Hangover

Shifts in Population

15th-Century ImplicationsRise and Fall of

EconomiesSocial Order Disturbed

Jack Cade’s RebellionPopular Discontent

“Pure” & “Bastard” FeudalismIdeals, Customs of OldSystems, Networks of

NewRivaling Families

Potential for DisorderAt Lower, Local LevelsAt Higher, National

LevelsAt Highest, Sacred

Levels

Medieval Spon Street, Coventry

Page 2: Social Changes in the 15 th Century 14 th -Century Hangover Shifts in Population 15 th -Century Implications Rise and Fall of Economies Social Order Disturbed

14th-Century HangoverShifts in Population

Black Death; Recurrence

Legacy of RebellionGreat RevoltPeasant UprisingsUnjust Taxation

Impact on CommerceIncreased Reliance on MoneyLess Bonded (Unfree) LaborConsolidation of Lands

From Above – Magnates

From Below – Peasantry

The Great Revolt, 1381

Page 3: Social Changes in the 15 th Century 14 th -Century Hangover Shifts in Population 15 th -Century Implications Rise and Fall of Economies Social Order Disturbed

15th-Century ImplicationsEconomic Rise

“Bond Men Made Free”Loosening of Labor MarketsMobility (Geographic, Social)Financial & Trade MarketsFarmers, Manufacturers, Merchants, Bankers

Economic FallBasics: Pop. Down; Labor Supply Down

Rents Down; Prices of Goods Down

War Up; Trade Down; Wages Up; Profit DownSocial Status of Nobility; Symbols of Power

Social Order Disturbed“The World Turned Upside Down”Popular Grievance & Rebellion – Jack Cade, 1450

“For our enemies shall fall before us, inspired with the spirit of putting down kings and princes . . . Be brave, then; for your captain is brave, and vows reformation. There shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny . . . shall have ten hoops and I will make it felony to drink small beer: all the realm shall be in common . . . There shall be no money; all shall eat and drink on my score; and I will apparel them all in one livery, that they may agree like brothers.” “The first thing we do, let’s kill all the lawyers.”Jack Cade and Dick the Butcher, Henry VI, Part II, Scene 2.

Page 4: Social Changes in the 15 th Century 14 th -Century Hangover Shifts in Population 15 th -Century Implications Rise and Fall of Economies Social Order Disturbed

Complaint of the Poor Commons of Kent

These be the points, cause and mischiefs of gathering and assembling of us, the king's liege men of Kent, the 4th day of June the year of our Lord 1450, the reign of our sovereign lord the king 29th, which we trust to Almighty God to remedy, with the help and the grace of God and of our sovereign lord the king, and the poor commons of England, and else we shall die therefore: We, considering that the king our sovereign lord, by the insatiable, covetous, malicious persons that daily and nightly are about his highness, and daily inform him that good is evil and evil is good: . . .

Item. They say that our sovereign is above his laws to his pleasure, and he may make it and break it as he pleases, without any distinction. The contrary is true, or else he should not have sworn to keep it. . . .

Item. We say our sovereign lord may understand that his false council has lost his law, his merchandise is lost, his common people is destroyed, the sea is lost, France is lost, the king himself is so set that he may not pay for his meat nor drink, and he owes more than ever any King of England ought, for daily his traitors about him where anything should come to him by his laws, anon they take it from him. . . .

Item. His true commons desire that he will remove from him all the false progeny and affinity of the Duke of Suffolk and to take about his noble person his true blood of his royal realm, that is to say, the high and mighty prince the Duke of York, exiled from our sovereign lord's person by the noising of the false traitor, the Duke of Suffolk, and his affinity. Also to take about his person the mighty prince, the Duke of Exeter, the Duke of Buckingham, the Duke of Norfolk, and his true earls and barons of his land, and he shall be the richest king Christian. . . .

Page 5: Social Changes in the 15 th Century 14 th -Century Hangover Shifts in Population 15 th -Century Implications Rise and Fall of Economies Social Order Disturbed

“Pure” & “Bastard” FeudalismIdeals & Customs of Old

Land for Military ServiceFirm Hierarchy of Elite & PoorCeremonial Homage & FealtyGood Lordship; King as OverlordOne Supreme Landowner (in theory)

Systems & Networks of NewLand Held for Rents (Cash)Loosened Economic StructureLegal Contracts w/ Precise TermsGood Lordship as Legal ProtectionProperty Divisions; Wealth ProtectionPatronage; Affinity; Retainers; Livery

Rivaling FamiliesAs Clans of Old – Force of ArmsAs Society of New – Power of Influence

Livery Coat, Hose, and Hat

Page 6: Social Changes in the 15 th Century 14 th -Century Hangover Shifts in Population 15 th -Century Implications Rise and Fall of Economies Social Order Disturbed

Potential for DisorderAt Lower, Local Levels

Economic WarfareRents, Trade, Commerce, TaxesPolitical AllegiancesRival Retainers; Patronage

At Higher, National LevelsGreatest Magnates Still PowerfulFewer, Greater LandholdersMassive Affinities, ResourcesNetworks Descending LadderAccess to the King’s EarControl from Above

At Highest, Sacred LevelsBlend of Economic InjusticeLinguistics, Personal RelationshipsLiteracy & Class of Artisans, Merchants

Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire


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