SOCIAL CAPITAL QUESTIONNAIRE - INSEAD · Click here to examine the standard version of the Social Capital Questionnaire (available in the Demos section of the Social Capital web page

SOCIAL CAPITAL QUESTIONNAIRE Instructions for Group Administrators and Instructors

Table of Contents

Introduction 2

How to create a new group? 2

Becoming familiar with your Group Menu 3

How to upload participants to your group? 3

How to communicate with the participants? 4

How to select your report template? 6

How to change the logo that appears in the personal reports? 6

How to generate and distribute personal reports? 7

How to download the raw data? 8

Generating a network among categories of participants 9

APPENDIX 13

Social Capital Questionnaire Instructions for Administrators

© Prof. Martin Gargiulo Page 2

Introduction Administrators are people registered in the Social Capital Questionnaire web site at INSEAD who have rights to create and administer the tool to a group of students or executives. There are two types of administrators:

Internal: typically, these are INSEAD faculty or staff. They can create groups directly.

External: these administrators need a special code to create groups. They can obtain it after payment for credits at www.nexos.com.sg. Click here for instructions.

Click here to examine the standard version of the Social Capital Questionnaire (available in the Demos section of the Social Capital web page at INSEAD).

If you need a customized version of the questionnaire or want to map the network of a group using a full network questionnaire, please contact directly Prof. Martin Gargiulo at [email protected] (INSEAD users) or at [email protected] (non‐INSEAD users).

These instructions walk you through the steps to set up and administer the Social Capital Questionnaire for a group of people (i.e., MBA students in a class or participants in an executive program), as well as to generate and distribute their individual reports.

How to create a new group? After logging in, click on the Create New Group button on the menus on the right and enter all the information requested, including the access code if you are an external administrator.

1. Enter the group name as you want it to appear in emails to participants. If you have multiple groups

for this program, you may want to identify each group with a date (e.g., Leading Change 2008)

For INSEAD administrators only: enter the PeopleSoft Class Id and Term to upload participants from your program platform if you have one. Click here for instructions on how to do it.

2. If you are not an INSEAD administrator, enter your access code (e.g., XXXX‐1234, including “‐“). 3. Select “New Standard SCQ” or look for the customized version you will use. 4. Select or create a Master Group if you want to make this group part of a larger reference group.

Creating a master group allows you to use a larger reference group to generate your reports (e.g., all the people who have taken this class before).

If you create a new master group, you will have to restart the group creation as this action takes you out of the group creation page.

5. If you edit the Welcome Message, do not edit any text that appears within [brackets] as these are fields that will be replaced with the participant‐specific information (e.g., login and password)

If you accidentally edit a field, click back on your browser and start over. 6. Set a Deadline that is at least five days before the date you will need to generate and distribute

reports. You can always change it if you need to. Deadlines are set on CET (Continental Europe). 7. Check the Online Reports box if you wish participants to retrieve their reports online once you have

generated them. They will be able to do so using their login and password.



Becoming familiar with your Group Menu The group menu provides access to all the functionality of the Social Capital questionnaire. It will appear once you have created your group. You access your group menu, click on the Groups button on the menus to the right of the main screen to access a page looking like this:

The group menu includes three sets of drop‐down commands (Participant, Message, Reports) as well as Edit command to revise the properties of your group (e.g., change the deadline). You may not see all these menus initially, but they will appear as they become operational.

The window also displays the access code, the number of authorized slots (30) for an external user, the number of participants (28), the group status (“In Progress” or “Deadline Past”), the number of participants who completed (10) and those who started but have not completed the assessment (2). In this example, you could add two more participants.

How to upload participants to your group? There are three ways to add participants to your group: synchronizing with your group platform (for INSEAD administrators only), uploading a participants’ list, or adding individual participants.

If you are an External Administrator and you have used a purchase (access) code to create your group, you will be able to upload the number of participants associated with that code. You can increase that number if necessary by purchasing additional slots.

Uploading participants from a list

1. Prepare a comma‐delimited text file (filename.csv) with the list of participants. Each line in the file should contain the first (given) name, the last (family) name, and the email of each participant, separated by commas:

Martin,Gargiulo,[email protected] José Luis,González,[email protected] John,Connor,[email protected]

You can create a comma‐delimited text file from Excel by saving the spreadsheet as a *.csv file. Make sure that names and emails are correct. They are used to communicate with the participants

2. Access your group menus by clicking on the Groups button to the right of the screen. 3. Click on the Participant menu group and then on Upload in your group menu page. 4. Choose your *.csv file and click the Upload button. Your participants will be enrolled and their

individual logins and passwords automatically generated. 5. Examine the list of participants and edit the participant’s information if you spot an error.

Adding an individual participant

Click on Add in the Participant menu and enter the information for the person you want to add. Leave the password field blank as the system allocates these automatically.

The Participant menu contains three additional commands: List displays the list of participants you have uploaded, as well as their status (Not started, Started, Completed). Remove allows you to delete a participant who has not started to answer the questionnaire. Qnre Preview allows you to view the questionnaire you are using as your participants will see it when completing it online.



Managing participants

Click on List under the Participant menu to access the list of participants. It provides information on the status of each participant. If you use the built‐in messaging system, it also shows whether Login and Reminder messages have been sent (boxes will be ticked if they have).

Available Actions

Edit allows you to correct information for a participant, such as the email.

Delete allows you to remove a participant who has not started the questionnaire (e.g., someone who dropped the course). This can be used to gain a slot if your group has an access code.

Re‐Open can be used to reopen the questionnaire for a participant who has completed the survey but needs to revise some of the answers. You will need to change the deadline if necessary. Let the participant know that his or her questionnaire was reopened so he or she can log in After revising the specific answers, the participant will have to advance to the end of the

questionnaire and click FINISH for the new data to be recorded.

Detecting “problem” cases

You can quickly identify how many contacts each participant has entered. To access it, click on List under the Participant menu then on Contact List in the menu that displays the list of participants. This command displays a list of the participants who have completed the questionnaire and the number of contacts each has entered.

The SCQ prevents people entering fewer than three contacts from going forward and completing the assessment, because this causes problems in calculating some of the indexes. Yet, people with three contacts are likely to have entered bogus data, so you may want to inspect their answers and decide to eliminate them from the report generation. You do that by simply “reopen” their questionnaire as instructed above, log in with their credentials, and inspect the answers. Bogus contact names are a sign of bogus data. This feature is particularly handy in the rare event that you get an error while generating reports. Reopen a suspicious questionnaire and retry the calculations and report generation then, to see if things work.

How to communicate with the participants? The Social Capital Questionnaire has a built‐in messaging system to communicate with the participants through email. These emails come from [email protected]. Non‐INSEAD users may want to warn the participants that they may receive messages from this address to prevent accidental deletion.



If you are an external administrator and prefer to communicate directly with the participants, you will have to do so using your mail merger program and a list with logins and passwords. See at the end of the section How to download the data? on page 7 to find out how to obtain this list.

The Messages menu contain three commands that allow you to send Login Details, Reminder, and a General Message to all or to a subset of participants, chosen from a list of categories that displays on the page.

1. Click on Login Details, Reminder, or General Message in the Message menu. 2. Select the subgroup of participants you want to send the message to from the menu (All, New

Participants, etc.) 3. Click Submit. A list of participants is displayed. You can deselect participants in that list if you wish by

unticking the box next to the participant’s name. 4. You may put you or someone else on copy of the messages and change the default subject, but you

cannot change the email address in the From: field. 5. You can edit the default message before sending it, but do not edit any text that appears within

[brackets]. If you accidentally edit a placeholder, go back with your browser and start over.



How to select your report template? The Reports menu displays commands used to generate the participant’s and group reports. It contains four menus: Calculations, Personal Reports, Group Statistics, and Report Templates. We describe these below.

Individual reports are generated using a template associated to the specific questionnaire. Templates are .html files with captions that invoke the appropriate text, figures, and graphs for each individual participant. Each questionnaire has a default template associated with it. You can view this template by clicking on Report Templates in the Reports menu and then on the link next to “Report Template in use” (in the example below, Template_469.html)

You can use a different template by selecting one from the list that appears in the Report Templates page. The image above includes three standard templates, differentiated by the color of their titles and text highlights (the default INSEAD green, BLUE, and RED). Simply click on the _Select_ button to choose the template that would be more suitable for your needs and wait until you see the message “The new template has been successfully set.” Your reports will use this template now.

If you use a customized questionnaire that requires a special template, most likely this is already the default set for your questionnaire. You can verify this by clicking on the link next to the Report template in use and inspecting the file. If the template is not the one you need and it is not in the list either, contact Prof. Gargiulo.

How to change the logo that appears in the personal reports?

By default, personal reports include the logo on the upper left corner. If you need a different logo to appear in the personal reports, follow these steps:

1. Have an image with your logo handy. This should be a .png or .jpg file less than 385 pixels wide. The software adjusts the height but not the width, so you should make sure your image does not exceed the maximum length.



2. Click on Report Templates in the Reports group menu 3. Click on change in “I want to change the image that shows in the Header” text (see prior figure) 4. Select the image, click on Change the Header, and wait for the confirmation message.

How to generate and distribute personal reports? This section describes a step‐by‐step procedure on how to generate and distribute the personal reports.

Personal reports are available as Adobe Acrobat (.pdf) files. They compare network characteristics of the each participant with statistics from a reference group. This group can be the people in the class or a larger master group if you have defined one when you created the group.

Calculating network indexes

Before generating reports, you need to calculate the network indexes for the participants that completed the assessment. This is a procedure that may take some time, depending on the size of your group and on how busy is the server. If you have a very large group, try to do it several times to process responses in batches.

Go to Reports menu and click on Calculations. A message will display when the procedure is completed.

If new participants complete the assessment after you have run calculations, you will need to do it again to include these participants. Do not need click on the Update calculations box, as it is not necessary to recalculate network indexes for everybody.

However, if a participant has revised his or her answers after you have calculated his or her indexes, you will need to run calculations again clicking on the Update calculations box to override the prior data.

You may also need to update calculations if you cannot generate one or more reports or get an error message when trying to generate reports. These are rare but can be caused by faulty (or missing) data, which can be overwritten by updating calculations. If the problem is not fixed, inspect the number of contacts entered by each respondent as instructed in the “Detecting problem cases” heading above, to identify suspicious cases.

Generating reports

After running calculations, you can start generating reports following the steps described below.

1. Click on Personal Reports in the Reports menu of your group. The following window opens:

2. Choose the Reference Group for your reports. Choices are “Your group” (the people enrolled in this group) or one or more master groups in case you have associated them to this group.

3. Select the variable for the network graph display in the Group Contacts in Network Graph by: choice box. This is the variable that will identify contacts (alters) in the participant's (ego) network graph by characteristics such as sex, nationality, or functional area. This variable is typically chosen by the instructor depending on the aspect of diversity he or she wants to emphasize.



4. Click on the Generate All Reports tab. Each report should take between 20 and 30 seconds to generate, depending on server conditions. PDF icons will appear as they are completed.

5. You can follow the progress by looking at the progress bar below the participant list. If you are processing a large group, you might simply wait for the email from [email protected] indicating that your reports have been generated and are ready for downloading.

6. In the rare event that one or more reports failed to generate, this will be indicated in the email under “Status.” You can try to re‐generate these individual reports using the same parameters you used initially. If that fails, please contact IT support at [email protected]

7. You can generate individual reports by clicking on Generate New next to each name or on Update if a report was already generated but you want to change it. Alternatively, you can select a subset of reports by clicking on the boxes to the right of each person and then on “Generate Selected Reports”

A few tips to consider when generating reports

Reports compare individual indexes with statistics from the Reference Group you selected. These statistics change as new people complete the assessment and their indexes are computed. Hence, generating reports at different points in the data collection process may result in them having slightly different comparison statistics. Thus, it is advisable to generate all reports after the deadline, once you have closed the survey.

If you generate or update reports individually or in batches, remember to select the same reference group and grouping variable to ensure comparability.

While report generation is relatively fast and seamless (about 20‐30 seconds per report), do not leave this task for the last minute to avoid possible inconveniences (i.e., a server intervention causing temporal slow down or outage).

If you still encounter problems, there may be an issue with the data of a participant (a rare event, but possible). Run Calculations again overwriting the exiting indexes as instructed under the Calculating network indexes section above and try to generate reports from scratch.

Making reports available to participants

Once reports are generated, you can ask participants to download their reports online (using their login credentials), download and print the individual reports for distribution, or both.

1. Enabling online access: make sure the Online Reports box is ticked in the group creation page, or click on Enable in the report generation page (it toggles to “Disable” when you do).

2. Downloading reports: you can download all the generated reports as a zipped file. Each report in this file is identified with the name of the participant for your convenience.

3. Printing reports: we strongly recommend that you print them in color to ensure that the information in the graphs is properly conveyed. Please note that the light‐blue background colors for the images may be slightly off in some printers.

How to download the raw data? You can download the data collected with the Social Capital Questionnaire for further analysis. Although exploiting some of these data may require training in social network analysis, other data could be used to illustrate tendencies in the group.



Group statistics

These data can be downloaded from the group menu. Go to Reports and click on Group Statistics, and save the Excel‐readable file to disk.

This file contains the individual network indexes (such as network size, density, and diversity indexes) for each participant, as well as the average and range of values for the group. A detailed description of the indexes for the standard questionnaire is included in an Appendix to these instructions. Please note that some indexes may vary if you use a customized questionnaire.

Participant’s background and network data

You can download an array of raw data in Excel‐readable files for further analysis.

Follow these steps to download these data:

2. Click on the Download green button on the right of the screen 3. Select the questionnaire for which you want to download the data 4. Select the groups for which you want to download the data by ticking the corresponding boxes 5. Click on Ego, Alter, or Statistics on the menu area above the group list to download the specific data

for the group(s) you have selected and save the file to disk.

The Ego file contains background information on the participant

The Alter file has information on each contact and their relationships

The Statistics file contains the network indexes for each participant

The Logins command allows you to download a table with the names, logins, passwords, and status of the participants. The Groups command displays the list of groups you have access to as Administrator. The Category command NEW allows you to do a more detailed analysis, which we describe below.

Generating a network among categories of participants The Social Capital Questionnaire collects detailed information on the ties between a respondent (ego) and his or her contacts (alters) as well as on ego’s perceptions of the ties with and between these contacts. Ego and alter are typically affiliated to categories such as functions or business units. Thus, the SCQ data can be used to reconstruct a “category by category” network, as represented by the responses given by the participants.

This feature is particularly useful if you work with corporate clients. If you have collected data on the organizational units to which ego (participants) and alter (their contacts) belong using a customized questionnaire, you could recreate a network of relationship between business units with the data provided by the participants and use it to illustrate gaps (or “structural holes”) in the inter‐unit network.

A note of caution: an inter‐unit network reconstructed from responses to the SCQ is only an approximate (and most likely biased) representation of the “true” informal network within the organization, for at least two reasons. First, in most cases the participants are not a random sample of the population, and thus their networks are not necessarily representative of the typical network within the organization. Second, the number of participants on which the inter‐unit network is constructed is likely a very small subset of the people at their level—although this restriction becomes less constraining if you have surveyed a large number of executives.

While this feature can be used on any categorical variable collected on both ego and alter, it is most useful when the categories refer to organizational units within a single firm, such as business units or subsidiaries. To benefit from this feature you may thus need a customized version of the questionnaire, which contains questions identifying the specific business units or subsidiaries of the organization in question.



A few critical precautions when creating a customized questionnaire

1. The information on category (e.g., business unit) affiliation should be collected for both “ego” and “alters”.

2. The coding for a specific category should be consistent across questions. That is, if you code “R&D” as “3” in the question asking for ego’s BU affiliation you should maintain the same code and label when creating the question asking for alters’ BU affiliation.

3. In most cases, you may need one or more categories in the question asking for alter’s affiliation, as contacts may not work for the organization of the respondent. These additional categories would be in most cases superfluous for ego.

4. This feature assumes that your questions have been properly specified. Categories must have consecutive numeric codes and these should be consistent for ego and alter. The software will generate output even if these conditions are not respected, but the data would be meaningless.

Explaining Category Networks

The Category Networks generated by the SCQ are similar to pivot tables in Excel. Rows and columns correspond to categories of people (e.g., their business unit affiliations) and cells contain measures of the tie between ego and their contacts for each pair of categories.

The example below shows a Category Network table displaying the average strength of the relationships between five business units of a professional services firm, plus one residual category (#6) for contacts not employed by the firm (cell values vary from 0 to 1, reflecting the coding for tie strength in the SCQ). Each row displays the average tie strength between people in the row unit and people in the column unit, as reported by the people in the row unit. The diagonal (in red) displays the average relationship for people within each business unit. The last row and column (in green) display the number of people in each category, with rows counting respondents (in this case, ego) and columns contacts (alters). Row and column names correspond to the codes for the business units, as defined in the questionnaire. To know their meaning, you would need to look at the code book for the variables in your questionnaire, available in the Questionnaire Templates area of the SCQ.

EGO\ALTER 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 0.69 0.53 0.70 0.30 0 0.75 4

2 0.59 0.65 0.43 0.67 0.75 0.86 12

3 1.00 0.78 0.69 0.57 0.70 0.77 10

4 0.7 0 0.01 0.59 0 0.86 2

5 0 0.77 0.3 1.00 0.59 0.82 3

6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

34 88 52 21 19 151

Note that row # 6 is populated by zeroes in this case, because this category corresponds to contacts who do not work for the firm (151 people) and we considered only ego‐alter ties when creating this table. As we did not survey these people, we cannot have row entries for them (but we do have column entries, as some of the respondents cited people outside the organization).

The cells can also contain the sum of the valued ties between people (the default) or the count of non‐zero ties. The routine can consider ego‐alter ties, alter‐alter ties, or both (default) to generate a category network. We explain these choices below.

Creating Category Networks

Click on the Download green button to access the Download Group Data screen. You will see a list of the questionnaires and groups you have access to. Select the questionnaire and then the groups you want to download by ticking the respective boxes, and then click on the Category command on the bar on top. This opens a new window where you will be able to determine the parameters to generate your table.



Here, you will need to choose the category for Ego and for Alter. While any combination is technically possible, you want to have the same category for both ego and alter. In this example, we are choosing the Function in the firm to generate the table.

Once you have selected the categories for ego and alter, you need to specify the Aggregation type—that is, which data will be considered to build the table. You can choose Ego, Alter, or Both.

Ego produces a table considering ties between the respondents and their contacts only

Alter creates a table considering ties between the contacts (as reported by ego) only

Both consider the two types of ties simultaneously

The last choice (the default) provides a more thorough picture, but it combines perceptions respondents have of their ties with contacts with their perceptions of the ties between those contacts. Because the latter can be less accurate than the former, you should keep this in mind if you use this aggregation procedure.

The Relationship menu allows you to choose between Valued and Binary relationships.

Valued consider the actual value of the ties, as coded in the SCQ (e.g., 0.3 for “Acquaintances”).

Binary dichotomizes values so that any value greater than 0 is set to 1, indicating the presence of ties.

The default computes the sum of values of the ties generating a table where cells display the total volume of relationships (or the number of ties if you have chosen Binary) between and within the categories.

If you click the Average box above the Generate Pivot green button, cells in the pivot table will display the average strength of the tie between people in the row and column categories, computed as the quotient between the volume of relationships and the number of ties between people in these categories, including zero ties. If you select the Binary option with Average, cells will display the proportion of nonzero ties between and within categories instead.

To create your pivot table, click on the Generate Pivot green button and save the Excel‐readable file to disk. You can generate as many tables as you want using different options. Comparing these tables can help you obtain a more thorough picture of the relationship between the categories of interest in your data. Finally, if you are familiar with network visualization software such as NetView (distributed with Ucinet), you can generate a category network diagrams to use in class.

Please note:

Although data from participants in executive education programs can be used to generate illustrative maps of the relationships between units in an organization for class discussion, these maps may be biased because participants are unlikely to be representative. However, you may be able to create accurate relationship maps using this feature if you can survey an adequate random sample of the population of interest within an organization.



Downloading the raw data

You can download the raw data on which these Category Network tables are calculated for further analysis. To do so, simply click on Download data dump after you have completed your choices and save the file to disk. The table will look like this:

GroupId Ego ID_a ID_b Var_a Var_b Rel_ab Rel_ab_bin

548 0 260422 260423 3 2 0.7 1

548 0 260422 260424 3 2 0.3 1

548 0 260422 260425 3 2 0.01 1

548 0 260422 260426 3 7 0 0

548 0 260422 260427 3 2 0.01 1

548 0 260422 260428 3 1 0 0

548 1 23031 260432 7 2 0 0

548 1 23031 260433 7 2 0.3 1

Each row in the table correspond to an ego‐alter or alter‐alter dyad, depending on the choices you have made). The variables in the columns correspond to the following:

GroupId: The ID of the group or groups you selected to create the table.

Ego: A variable set to 1 if the dyad involves ego and to 0 otherwise (i.e., is a dyad composed of two “alters”)

ID_a: Ego’s ID (corresponding to Partid in Ego file, see Participant’s background and network data on page 7)

ID_b: Alter’s ID (corresponding to Alterid in Alter file, see page 7)

Var_a: Value for the Ego category (e.g., the code of the unit ego is affiliated with)

Var_b: Value for the Alter category

Rel_ab: The value of the relationship between ego and alter (or between the two alters)

Rel_ab_bin: The dichotomized relationship value, set to 1 if the value for Rel_ab is greater than 0

Note that if you have chosen Ego in the Aggregation menu, this table will contain only ego‐alter dyads (Ego=1) and only alter‐alter dyads if you have chosen Alter (Ego=0). You should choose “Both” if you want to download all valid dyads for your group(s). The Ego column will then contain both 1 and 0 rows.

The downloaded data dump table can be imported into a statistical package for further analysis, opening additional ways to explore patterns in your data. Because the Ego (ID‐a) and Alter (ID_b) variables included in this table are unique (and correspond to the Partid and Alterid variables identifying respondents and contacts in other parts of the data), you can easily merge the data from this table with the rest of the data from your group(s).



APPENDIX List of variables in the Group Statistics file

Variable Name Variable Values Description

No. Number Sequential number

Userid User‐specific ID User‐specific ID

Partid Unique participant ID Unique participant ID

Lastname Participant's last name Participant's last name

Firstname Participant's first name Participant's first name

Email Participant's email Participant's email

NSIZE Network size Number of unique contacts cited

DRP Direct reports Number of direct reports cited

TMB Team members Number of team members cited

NDEN Network density Proportion of ties between contacts x 100

NCEN Network centralization Freeman's centralization score (excluding respondent)

NCOH Network cohesion Mean tie strength between contacts

MCAD Relative degree (most central) Degree of most central/Mean degree

MCAC Centrality of most central contact Degree centrality of most central contact Contact's Nationality

Nationalities Number of nationalities among contacts

NDI Network Diversity Index for this variable Contact's Age Avg Average age of contacts (years)

Min Minimum age of contacts (years)

Max Maximum age of contacts (years) Duration you've known Contact

Avg Average duration of the relationships (years)

Min Minimum duration of the relationships (years)

Max Maximum duration of the relationships (years) Contact's Sex Male Male contacts (%)

Female Female contacts (%)

NDI NDI (Network Diversity Index for this Variable) Contact's work region

Same office Contacts working in the same office (%)

Same function Contacts working in the same function (%)

Same company Contacts working in the same company (%)

Another company Contacts working in another company (%)

Not working/SE Contacts not working or self‐employed (%)

NDI NDI (Network Diversity Index for this Variable) Contact's formal Rank

Higher Contacts in a rank higher than respondent (%)

Similar Contacts in a rank similar than respondent (%)

Lower Contacts in a rank lower than respondent (%)

Not working/SE Contacts not working or self‐employed (%)

NDI NDI (Network Diversity Index for this Variable) Contact's primary functional area

Sales Contacts working in Sales (%)

Service Contacts working in Service (%)

Production Contacts working in Production (%)

R&D Contacts working in R&D (%)

Marketing Contacts working in Marketing (%)

Finance Contacts working in Finance (%)

HR Contacts working in HR (%)

General Mngmt. Contacts working in General Management (%)

Other Contacts in another function/not working (%)

NDI NDI (Network Diversity Index for this Variable) Is contact your direct report

Yes Contacts reporting to respondent (%)

No Contacts not reporting to respondent (%)

NDI NDI (Network Diversity Index for this Variable) Is contact your team member

Yes Contacts in the respondent's team (%)

No Contacts in a different team (%)

NDI NDI (Network Diversity Index for this Variable) How you met your contact (Mutually exclusive categories)

School mate Contacts met at school (%)

Coworker Contacts met as coworker (%)

Business Contacts met at business (%)

Religion Contact met at religious organization (%)

Social club Contacts met at social club (%)

Association Contacts met at professional association (%)

Politics Contact met at political organization (%)

Family Contacts are family (%)

Common friend Contact met through a common friend (%)

Other Other (%)

NDI NDI (Network Diversity Index for this Variable)



List of variables in the Group Statistics file (cont.)

Variable Name Variable Values Description

Frequency of communication with contact

Daily Interacts daily (%)

Weekly Interacts weekly (%)

Monthly Interacts monthly (%)

Less often Interacts less often (%)

NDI NDI (Network Diversity Index for this Variable) Closeness with Contact

Very close (tie strength = 1.00) Contacts described as Very Close (%)

Close (tie strength = 0.70) Contacts described as Close (%)

Acquaintance (tie strength = 0.30) Contacts described as Acquaintance (%)

Distant (tie strength = 0.01) Contacts described as Distant (%)

NDI NDI (Network Diversity Index for this Variable) BCI (Benefit Concentration Index across contacts)

Daily Job Support Index for Daily Job Support benefits

Influential Access Index for Influential Access benefits

Emotional Support Index for Emotional Support benefits

Political Support Index for Political Support benefits

Information And Ideas Index for Information And Ideas benefits

Difficult to Replace Index for Difficulty to Replace

TECHNICAL NOTES ON NETWORK MEASURES Network Size N

The number of contacts cited by the respondent i, or “ego” (N)

Network Density d

di = j zjk/N*(N‐1), zjj > 0 = 1 Where:

zjk = 1 if contacts j and k are connected (zjk > 0) and 0 otherwise; N = number of contacts cited

Network Closeness CL

CLi = j zjk/m

Where:

zjk is the actual valued tie between contacts j and k , so zjk can take values 1.00, 0.70, 0.30, or 0.01 m is the number of nonzero ties among contacts j, k (zjk > 0)

Contact’s Degree centrality Cj The number of nonzero connections of contact j with other contacts k (zjk > 0 ; Cjmax = N‐1)

Network Centralization NC NCi = (Cj(max) – Cj ) / (N‐1) (N‐2) Where:

Cj(max) is the theoretical maximum degree centrality for a network of size N (so Cj(max) = N‐1)

Cj is the degree centrality of contact j

Source: Freeman, L.C (1979) “Centrality in social networks: Conceptual clarifications.” Social Networks 1:215‐239.

NDI (Network Diversity Index ND )

NDi = 1 ‐ k (pk pij,k)2

Where:

pk is the proportion of contacts in the kth category (and k pk = 1);

pij,k is the mean proportional relationship strength between ego and alters in that category;.

pij,k = jk pij, j k (i.e., alter j belongs to category k); pij = zij / j zij, being zij the strength of the tie between ego (i) and alter (j).

Source: Reagans, R. & B. McEvily (2003). Network structure and knowledge transfer: The effects of cohesion and range. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48: 240‐267.

Benefit Concentration Index (BCI)

BCIi,B = 1‐ ∑R (pj)2

Where:

pj is the proportion of the network benefit B provided by alter j and ∑j,B (pj) = 1

Documents

SOCIAL CAPITAL QUESTIONNAIRE - INSEAD · Click here to examine the standard version of the Social Capital Questionnaire (available in the Demos section of the Social Capital web page