Social AnthropologySocial Anthropology

Definition of SociolgyDefinition of Sociolgy

Socius means group, associates or Socius means group, associates or patternspatterns

Accdg. To Joseph Fichter, it is the Accdg. To Joseph Fichter, it is the scientific study of patterned , shared scientific study of patterned , shared human behaviorhuman behavior

It was first used by Auguste Comte It was first used by Auguste Comte (frenchman) who called himself as (frenchman) who called himself as sociologistsociologist

Definition…Definition…

Rodney Stark, it deals with the study of Rodney Stark, it deals with the study of patterns and process of human relationspatterns and process of human relations

Micro and macro sociologyMicro and macro sociology It is also science of the study of social It is also science of the study of social

interactions interactions Study of people living in interdependenceStudy of people living in interdependence

Kundberg and associates defined it as Kundberg and associates defined it as body of scientific knowledge with theories body of scientific knowledge with theories based on scientific investigations, based on scientific investigations, observations rather than on armchair observations rather than on armchair speculationsspeculations

SOCIOLOGY AS A SCIENCESOCIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE

It becomes science because it is It becomes science because it is systematized body of knowledge based on systematized body of knowledge based on organized facts about patterns of human organized facts about patterns of human interactions, of group life, of people living interactions, of group life, of people living in Interdependencein Interdependence

Social scientists study the social world Social scientists study the social world which talks about the results of group which talks about the results of group conduct.conduct.

Areas of SociologyAreas of Sociology

Social organization= covers the study of Social organization= covers the study of the various social institutions, social the various social institutions, social groups, social stratification, social mobility, groups, social stratification, social mobility, bureaucracy, ethnic groups and relations, bureaucracy, ethnic groups and relations, and other similar objectsand other similar objects

Topics like family, education, politics, Topics like family, education, politics, religion, economy and the likereligion, economy and the like

Areas…Areas…

2. social psychology= study of human 2. social psychology= study of human nature as an outcome of group life, social nature as an outcome of group life, social attitudes, collective behavior, and attitudes, collective behavior, and personality formationpersonality formation

It deals with group life and individual’s It deals with group life and individual’s traits , attitudes, beliefs as influenced by traits , attitudes, beliefs as influenced by group life.group life.

Man with reference to group lifeMan with reference to group life

Areas…Areas…

Social change and social disorganization= Social change and social disorganization= it includes here the study of change in it includes here the study of change in culture and social relations and the culture and social relations and the disruption that may occur in societydisruption that may occur in society

It deals with the study of such current It deals with the study of such current social problems in society as juvenile social problems in society as juvenile delinquency, criminality, drug addiction, delinquency, criminality, drug addiction, family conflicts, divorce, population family conflicts, divorce, population problemsproblems

Areas..Areas..

4. human ecology=studies the nature and 4. human ecology=studies the nature and behavior of a given population and its behavior of a given population and its relationships to the group’s present social relationships to the group’s present social institutionsinstitutions

Ex. Prevalence of mental illness, Ex. Prevalence of mental illness, criminality, delinquencies, prostitution, and criminality, delinquencies, prostitution, and drug addiction in urban centers and other drug addiction in urban centers and other highly developed placeshighly developed places

Areas…Areas…

5. Population or demography= study of 5. Population or demography= study of population number, composition, change, population number, composition, change, and quality as they influence the and quality as they influence the economic, political and social systemeconomic, political and social system

Areas…Areas…

6. Sociological theory and method= it is 6. Sociological theory and method= it is concerned with the applicability and concerned with the applicability and usefulness of the principles and theories of usefulness of the principles and theories of group life as bases for the regulation of group life as bases for the regulation of man’s social environment.man’s social environment.

It includes theory building and testing.It includes theory building and testing.

Areas…Areas…

7. Appllied sociolgy= area utilizes the 7. Appllied sociolgy= area utilizes the findings of pure sociological research in findings of pure sociological research in various fields such as criminology, social various fields such as criminology, social work, community development, education, work, community development, education, industrial relations, marriage, ethnic industrial relations, marriage, ethnic relations, family counselingrelations, family counseling

ANTHROPOLOGYANTHROPOLOGY

ANTHROPOS MEANS MANANTHROPOS MEANS MAN Discipline of infinite curiosity about human Discipline of infinite curiosity about human

beingsbeings They are interested in how and why They are interested in how and why

questions about societies in the past and questions about societies in the past and present have varied in their customary present have varied in their customary ideas in practiceideas in practice

DefinitionDefinition

It is a branch of knowledge which deals It is a branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of man, his works, with the scientific study of man, his works, his body, his behavior and values in time his body, his behavior and values in time and spaceand space

Scientific study of physical, social and Scientific study of physical, social and cultural development , and behavior of cultural development , and behavior of human beings since their appearance on human beings since their appearance on earthearth

In Human evolution, study of the fossils of In Human evolution, study of the fossils of man which is concerned with the man which is concerned with the classification of modern geographical classification of modern geographical populations and with their processes of populations and with their processes of physical change; archaeology or physical change; archaeology or prehistory, cultural anthropology, and prehistory, cultural anthropology, and scientific linguisticsscientific linguistics

Branches of anthropologyBranches of anthropology

1. general anthropology (traditional way)1. general anthropology (traditional way) A. physicalA. physical B. culturalB. cultural Sub-disciplines of anthropologySub-disciplines of anthropology A. archaeologyA. archaeology B. physical anthropologyB. physical anthropology C. linguisticsC. linguistics D. cultural anthropologyD. cultural anthropology

BranchesBranches

1. physical= biological anthropology1. physical= biological anthropology Man’s biological foundations, race Man’s biological foundations, race

evolution, race classifications, and evolution, race classifications, and differentiationdifferentiation

Subdisciplines: racial history; Subdisciplines: racial history; paleontology, human genetics,paleontology, human genetics,

Cultural anthroCultural anthro

Social anthropologySocial anthropology The concept of cultureThe concept of culture Human beings are distinct from other Human beings are distinct from other

animals in that they have a cultureanimals in that they have a culture Social heritage is transmitted through Social heritage is transmitted through

genetic inheritancegenetic inheritance They are also often called ethnologist and They are also often called ethnologist and

ethnographersethnographers

Definition of cultureDefinition of culture

It has been defined as the way of life of It has been defined as the way of life of people which had been learned, shared, people which had been learned, shared, and transmitted from one generation to and transmitted from one generation to another by means of language and another by means of language and symbolssymbols

Subdivisions of social anthropologySubdivisions of social anthropology

1. ethnography1. ethnography 2. ethnology2. ethnology 3.social anthropology3.social anthropology 4. cultural anthropology4. cultural anthropology

1. ethnography= pure description of the 1. ethnography= pure description of the culture of people or an ethnic groupculture of people or an ethnic group

They will live in the said community to They will live in the said community to observe, examine the culture of those observe, examine the culture of those peoplepeople

2. ethnography= analysis, comparison, 2. ethnography= analysis, comparison, and contrast of culture of peoplesand contrast of culture of peoples

Concerned with patterns of kinship Concerned with patterns of kinship organization, political and economic organization, political and economic system, religion, folk arts and music.system, religion, folk arts and music.

3.social anthropology= higher level of 3.social anthropology= higher level of abstraction than ethnologyabstraction than ethnology

4. cultural anthropology= total life of man 4. cultural anthropology= total life of man in time and spacein time and space