The Start of the New The Start of the New Society in the PhilippinesSociety in the Philippines

““On September 21, 1972, President On September 21, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos of the Republic of the Ferdinand Marcos of the Republic of the Philippines issued Presidential Decree Philippines issued Presidential Decree No. 1081 placing the whole Philippines No. 1081 placing the whole Philippines under Martial Law (Gregorio:;P.56)”.under Martial Law (Gregorio:;P.56)”.

It was declared due to an existing threat It was declared due to an existing threat to the Philippine government.to the Philippine government.

The Philippine government set out to The Philippine government set out to reform the country in a new social order reform the country in a new social order which was called the “which was called the “New SocietyNew Society””..

After the declaration of the Martial After the declaration of the Martial Law: the government officials Law: the government officials (Departments, Military, Bureaus) sat (Departments, Military, Bureaus) sat together for the implementation of together for the implementation of the Presidential order.the Presidential order.

All schools (in all year levels; both in All schools (in all year levels; both in public & private) were temporarily public & private) were temporarily closedclosed

But was reopened on October 1972.But was reopened on October 1972.

The Aims of Education in The Aims of Education in the New Societythe New Society

““The Educational Development Decree The Educational Development Decree of 1972, was adopted with the aims to of 1972, was adopted with the aims to provide a broad base of general provide a broad base of general education for all citizens, train education for all citizens, train manpower in the middle skills, develop manpower in the middle skills, develop professional competence that can professional competence that can provide leadership and advance provide leadership and advance knowledge and make education more knowledge and make education more relevant through an educational relevant through an educational planning service (Gregorio: ;P.57)”. planning service (Gregorio: ;P.57)”.

Academic standards is to be Academic standards is to be improved by the following means of improved by the following means of action:action:

1.1. Curriculum reorientationCurriculum reorientation2.2. Selected AdmissionSelected Admission3.3. Improvement of teachers in serviceImprovement of teachers in service4.4. Accreditation processAccreditation process5.5. Guidance and Counseling ProgramGuidance and Counseling Program6.6. Improvement of instruction in Improvement of instruction in

mathematics and sciencesmathematics and sciences7.7. Upgrade secondary schools and collegesUpgrade secondary schools and colleges8.8. Government grants and loans to Government grants and loans to

institutions and other agencies.institutions and other agencies.Source: Introduction to Education in Philippine Setting by Herman C. Gregorio; Page 57

It aimed for the improvement of It aimed for the improvement of education (its quality) in the education (its quality) in the Philippines.Philippines.

Department Order No. 16 s. 1972 was Department Order No. 16 s. 1972 was issued to adopt work-oriented issued to adopt work-oriented curriculum.curriculum.

Education should be relevant to the Education should be relevant to the New Society (its needs & aims); both New Society (its needs & aims); both its content & methods of teaching.its content & methods of teaching.

It aimed for social & economic It aimed for social & economic development of the New Society.development of the New Society.

In Social Development:In Social Development:Inculcate values needed for the Inculcate values needed for the

development of the New Society development of the New Society (cooperation, hark work)(cooperation, hark work)

Social awarenessSocial awarenessRemove InequalitiesRemove InequalitiesEqual opportunities (in work & Equal opportunities (in work &

education)education)In Economic Development:In Economic Development:Economic GrowthEconomic GrowthManpower & SkillsManpower & SkillsAgricultureAgriculture

Report Card for Grade School Pupils Report Card for Grade School Pupils (For Gr. I - III):(For Gr. I - III):

11 22 33 44

Language Arts (For Pupils taught in the Language Arts (For Pupils taught in the Vernacular )Vernacular )

Read with understandingRead with understanding

Reads independently short, simple reading Reads independently short, simple reading materialsmaterials

Expresses ideas in correct oral and written formExpresses ideas in correct oral and written form

Language Arts in PilipinoLanguage Arts in Pilipino

Ipinahahayag nang mahusay ang mga idaya sa Ipinahahayag nang mahusay ang mga idaya sa pasalita at pasulatpasalita at pasulat

Bumabasa nang may laya at pag-unawaBumabasa nang may laya at pag-unawa

Nagpakita ng kawilihan sa pagbasa ng panitikang Nagpakita ng kawilihan sa pagbasa ng panitikang angkop sa baitangangkop sa baitang

Rating Periods

Note: The following Report Card info (of 1973) is taken from the book “The Filipino Teacher” from pages 120 to 122.

11 22 33 44

Language Arts (English)Language Arts (English)

Demonstrates understanding of spoken English Demonstrates understanding of spoken English suited to the gradesuited to the grade

Uses common social amenitiesUses common social amenities

Uses structures and vocabulary suited to the Uses structures and vocabulary suited to the grade in expressing oneselfgrade in expressing oneself

Recognizes sight words with easeRecognizes sight words with ease

Reads fairly well experience chartsReads fairly well experience charts

Copies words, phrases and sentences accuratelyCopies words, phrases and sentences accurately

Social StudiesSocial Studies

Demonstrates, by action, desirable attitudes Demonstrates, by action, desirable attitudes towards otherstowards others

Classifies, groups, labels data for studyClassifies, groups, labels data for study

Formulates simple concepts and generalizationsFormulates simple concepts and generalizations

Rating Periods

11 22 33 44

Elementary MathematicsElementary Mathematics

Demonstrates increased understanding of the Demonstrates increased understanding of the meaning of numbers/fractionsmeaning of numbers/fractions

Demonstrates understanding of number Demonstrates understanding of number relationshiprelationship

Performs with sufficient mastery:Performs with sufficient mastery:

addition problemsaddition problems

subtraction problemssubtraction problems

multiplication problemsmultiplication problems

division problemsdivision problems

Solve one- to two-step word problemsSolve one- to two-step word problems

Works with accuracyWorks with accuracy

Rating Periods

11 22 33 44

Health and SciencesHealth and Sciences

Demonstrates mastery of certain science skillsDemonstrates mastery of certain science skills

Works well with others in group investigationsWorks well with others in group investigations

Takes good care of materials, equipment and Takes good care of materials, equipment and facilitiesfacilities

Attends to personal needs without assistanceAttends to personal needs without assistance

Keeps himself neat and tidyKeeps himself neat and tidy

Music Music

Participates in singing activitiesParticipates in singing activities

Responds to music rhythms Responds to music rhythms

Contributes to creative musical projectsContributes to creative musical projects

Rating Periods

11 22 33 44

ArtArt

Uses tools and materials wellUses tools and materials well

Expresses ideas through various media, i.e colors, Expresses ideas through various media, i.e colors, lines, etc.lines, etc.

Demonstrates increased ability to see and Demonstrates increased ability to see and observe the world around himobserve the world around him

Work EducationWork Education

Keeps belongings in proper place/in orderKeeps belongings in proper place/in order

Plans work activities and schedulesPlans work activities and schedules

Helps in simple chores at home and in schoolHelps in simple chores at home and in school

Keeps work neat and cleanKeeps work neat and clean

Completes work in reasonable timeCompletes work in reasonable time

Uses properly simple work tools for gardening, Uses properly simple work tools for gardening, sewing, etc.sewing, etc.

Rating Periods

11 22 33 44

Physical EducationPhysical Education

Participates actively in group gamesParticipates actively in group games

Practices regularly simple “keep fit” exercisesPractices regularly simple “keep fit” exercises

Performs simple mimetics, plays, rhythmic Performs simple mimetics, plays, rhythmic activities, etc.activities, etc.

Performs gracefully simple dance stepsPerforms gracefully simple dance steps

Personal, Social and Emotional Development Personal, Social and Emotional Development (G.M.R.C.)(G.M.R.C.)

Gets along well with othersGets along well with others

Obeys school rules and regulationsObeys school rules and regulations

Respects authorityRespects authority

Accepts constructive criticismsAccepts constructive criticisms

Is courteous in speech and mannersIs courteous in speech and manners

Assumes responsibilityAssumes responsibility

Shows self-confidenceShows self-confidence

Practices self-controlPractices self-control

Uses free time wiselyUses free time wisely

Rating Periods

The Philosophy of The Philosophy of Education in the New Education in the New

Society Society ““The principles and practices of The principles and practices of

education under the New Society is education under the New Society is based on the pragmatic philosophy based on the pragmatic philosophy of education or progressive of education or progressive education (Gregorio: ;P.58)”.education (Gregorio: ;P.58)”.

The child is the center of the The child is the center of the educative process & the child’s educative process & the child’s growth & development is aimed in growth & development is aimed in progressive education.progressive education.

Activity programs (in line with the Activity programs (in line with the needs, interest, abilities of the pupil) needs, interest, abilities of the pupil) is the core of the curriculum.is the core of the curriculum.

““The school program is integrated The school program is integrated with life and activities of the with life and activities of the community (Gregorio: ;P.59)”.community (Gregorio: ;P.59)”.

Learning is identified as a social Learning is identified as a social process; in which cooperation/ group process; in which cooperation/ group processes is utilized.processes is utilized.

Evaluation & guidance is a part in Evaluation & guidance is a part in teaching & learning. teaching & learning.

Basic Principles of Basic Principles of Education under the New Education under the New

SocietySociety1.1. The Child is made the center of the The Child is made the center of the

educative process, and not the subject-educative process, and not the subject-matter. The child is viewed as an active matter. The child is viewed as an active organism whose purpose is to live and to organism whose purpose is to live and to grow. He has interests and needs, grow. He has interests and needs, purposes and wants, capacities and purposes and wants, capacities and abilities. The new education recognizes abilities. The new education recognizes the child as the center of educative the child as the center of educative process and all his natural tendencies are process and all his natural tendencies are utilized as motives or drives towards utilized as motives or drives towards learning.learning.

Note: The source for the ff. side entitled “Basic Principles of Education under the New Society” is the book “Introduction to Education in Philippine Setting” by Herman C. Gregorio; Pages 59 to 61

2.2. The theory of self-activity is considered The theory of self-activity is considered the basis of all learning. That we learn the basis of all learning. That we learn by doing is the core of the new by doing is the core of the new education. Activity program and education. Activity program and projects are selected and planned in projects are selected and planned in line with the pupil’s interest, maturity, line with the pupil’s interest, maturity, and ability. The new education stresses and ability. The new education stresses learning by doing, by experiencing, and learning by doing, by experiencing, and by experimenting. The school is by experimenting. The school is converted into a living creative converted into a living creative influence, producing self-directing influence, producing self-directing citizens. Only life can teach life. citizens. Only life can teach life. Consequently, prominence is given to Consequently, prominence is given to activity programs and projects.activity programs and projects.

3.3. The development of personality is the The development of personality is the main objective. The primary aim of the main objective. The primary aim of the new education is the development of new education is the development of well-balanced, well integrated, and well-balanced, well integrated, and socially-adjusted personality. Emphasis socially-adjusted personality. Emphasis is placed on the concept of growth, on is placed on the concept of growth, on the idea of wholeness, and on the the idea of wholeness, and on the apperceptive theory. The cooperation apperceptive theory. The cooperation between the teacher and pupils, the between the teacher and pupils, the encouragement of voluntary effort on encouragement of voluntary effort on the part of the students, and the part of the students, and opportunity for original expression are opportunity for original expression are important factors in the development important factors in the development of presonality.of presonality.

4.4. School activities are correlated or integrated School activities are correlated or integrated with the real life outside the school. The new with the real life outside the school. The new education under the New Society recognizes education under the New Society recognizes the importance of experience in any kind of the importance of experience in any kind of learning. The new education makes use of real learning. The new education makes use of real life approach as opposed to the mastery of life approach as opposed to the mastery of subject-matter or book knowledge. To correlate subject-matter or book knowledge. To correlate school activities with real life situations, field-school activities with real life situations, field-trips, excursions, interviews, observations, case trips, excursions, interviews, observations, case studies, personal experience reports, and studies, personal experience reports, and survey of community conditions are utilized in survey of community conditions are utilized in the teaching procedure. What the is recognized the teaching procedure. What the is recognized as the only sound method of learning and as the only sound method of learning and teaching is by activity.teaching is by activity.

5.5. Informal control is exercised in the Informal control is exercised in the classroom. The new education stresses not classroom. The new education stresses not blind obedience but intelligent self-blind obedience but intelligent self-discipline. It seeks to achieve its goal by its discipline. It seeks to achieve its goal by its methods, its democratic class procedures, methods, its democratic class procedures, and its emphasis upon democracy as a way and its emphasis upon democracy as a way of life. Self-discipline in new education is of life. Self-discipline in new education is the development of habits of reflective the development of habits of reflective thought and action. The techniques used are thought and action. The techniques used are of the informal control type – interesting of the informal control type – interesting activity, group planning, class discussion activity, group planning, class discussion and group decision. The teacher’s work is to and group decision. The teacher’s work is to listen and to guide rather than to command. listen and to guide rather than to command.

6.6. Learning and thinking are well Learning and thinking are well stressed. New education develops stressed. New education develops learning and thinking by providing learning and thinking by providing pupils with situations, either in the pupils with situations, either in the form of problems or projects for them form of problems or projects for them to work at independently. Learning to work at independently. Learning and thinking are stimulated when the and thinking are stimulated when the learners recognize the purpose of learners recognize the purpose of learning. Education under the New learning. Education under the New Society lays greater stress on the Society lays greater stress on the “why” than on the “what” of the school “why” than on the “what” of the school work.work.

7.7. The activity program is the core of the The activity program is the core of the curriculum. The new education curriculum. The new education stresses integrated program which stresses integrated program which dispense with time schedules and dispense with time schedules and separate subjects. The new school has separate subjects. The new school has departed from the artificial splitting of departed from the artificial splitting of subject-matter characteristics of the subject-matter characteristics of the old school. The teachers in the new old school. The teachers in the new school derive the subject-matter from school derive the subject-matter from the resources and activities of the the resources and activities of the community where the school is located. community where the school is located. Life situations are the objects of study.Life situations are the objects of study.

8.8. The new education is shared The new education is shared activity. Progressive teaching and activity. Progressive teaching and learning are shared activity in learning are shared activity in which the intellectual growth of the which the intellectual growth of the student is achieved through the student is achieved through the mastery of the problems mastery of the problems meaningful to him. This is based on meaningful to him. This is based on the principle that learning is a the principle that learning is a social process.social process.

9.9. Guidance is essential part of new education. Guidance is essential part of new education. That self-expression, initiative, and That self-expression, initiative, and creativeness are to be encouraged does not creativeness are to be encouraged does not mean that the child must be left alone to do mean that the child must be left alone to do what he pleases. From the progressive point what he pleases. From the progressive point of view, teaching means stimulating, of view, teaching means stimulating, directing, guiding, evaluating, and directing, guiding, evaluating, and encouraging the learner in his total learning encouraging the learner in his total learning process. In other words, it can be said that process. In other words, it can be said that teaching is guidance. It is, therefore, the task teaching is guidance. It is, therefore, the task of the teacher to aid the learner in acquiring of the teacher to aid the learner in acquiring knowledge, in developing habits, skills, knowledge, in developing habits, skills, abilities, and attitudes, and in organizing abilities, and attitudes, and in organizing them into a consistent pattern of life.them into a consistent pattern of life.