SOC101YSOC101Y

Introduction to SociologyIntroduction to SociologyProfessor Robert BrymProfessor Robert Brym

Lecture #4Lecture #4SocializationSocialization

6 Oct 106 Oct 10

“Training Global Citizens For Tomorrow”

Website: www.utihp.ca

Facebook: www.facebook.com/utihp

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Email: ut.ihp@utoronto.ca OR communications@utihp.ca

Act. Connect. Engage.

UTIHP Committees

• ACT. Applying skills and knowledge to make meaningful contributions.

1. REACH (Resources, Education & Advocacy for Community Health). CONTACT: reach@utihp.ca2. Books with Wings. CONTACT: bookswithwings@utihp.ca3. UTSU Discovery Fund & MAA Scholarship. CONTACT: discoveryfund@utihp.ca

• CONNECT. Making networks with likeminded individuals and discussing current topics in global health.

4. Global Health Education. CONTACT: ghe@utihp.ca5. OMWHO (Ontario Model World Health Organization). CONTACT: omwho@utihp.ca6. HHRights (Health and Human Rights) Conference. CONTACT: hhrights@utihp.ca

• ENGAGE. Reaching out to the public,drawing interest and support for the most important global concerns.

7. High School Partnership Program. CONTACT: hspp@utihp.ca8. FED - Food, Environment and Development. CONTACT: fed@utihp.ca9. Millennium Project. CONTACT: mproject@utihp.ca10. Painted Minds. CONTACT: paintedminds@utihp.ca

TO APPLY: Click on the “Participate” tab on “www.utihp.ca” and submit your Résumé

UPCOMING EVENTFRIDAY (OCT 1ST, 2010): 6PM - 8:30PM

WHERE: JJR MacLeod Auditorium (MS2158)

WHAT: Panel Discussion featuring

Metta Spencer

Professor Emeritus of Sociology at University of Toronto

and editor of Peace Magazine,

& Paul McKay, journalist and author of "Atomic Accomplice“

SATURDAY (OCT 2ND 2010): 8:30M - 5PMWHERE: Medical Science Building, Room 3153 (MS3153).

WHAT: Representatives from Canadian Pugwash,

Corporate Knights,

A Greener Toronto,

Physicians for Social Responsibility

and Canadian Department of Peace Initiative.

Special guest: Three-time Juno-nominated

singer/songwriter/activist

Tom Barlow.

PHYSICIANS: $120PGS MEMBERS: $100

STUDENTS: Pay-what-you-can

Register info for students:www.facebook.com/utihp

Surname Range Test LocationA’Garous – De Guzman Examination Centre (EX)100De La Cruz – Kim Examination Centre (EX) 200Kirley – Lewis Examination Centre (EX) 300Li – Marinkovic Examination Centre (EX) 310Markovic – Nerces Examination Centre (EX) 320Ng – Paz Galbraith GB) 304Pazhwak – Razi Galbraith (GB) 404Rebello – Sarfaraz Haultain (HA) 401Sasaki – Subramaniapillai Haultain (HA) 403Sugg – Thompson Haultain (HA) 410Thomson – Wallace Medical Sciences (MS) 3163Wan – Yung Tanz Neuroscience (TZ) 6Zahedi – Zuzek Wallberg (WB) 342

Test #1Test #1

The test begins 12:10, 20 October, but arrive no later than 12:00 to find your room.

The test comprises 50 multiple-choice questions and lasts 75 minutes.

Give your best answers. Fill in boxes completely with dark pencil. Test locations, structure and instructions:

see “Class Announcements” on course website.

NB

Victor, the Wild Boy of Aveyron

Socialization is the process of learning culture and becoming aware of yourself as you interact with others.

Darwin’s Evolutionary Darwin’s Evolutionary TheoryTheory

1. The characteristics of members of each species vary widely.

2. Species members with more adaptive characteristics are more likely to survive until reproduction.

3. Therefore, the species characteristics that endure are those that increase the survival chances of the species.

The Logic of SociobiologyThe Logic of Sociobiology

1. Identify a supposedly universal form of human behaviour.

2. Make up a story about why this behaviour increases survival chances.

3. Assert that the behaviour in question cannot be changed.

Number of Sex Partners by Number of Sex Partners by Respondent’s Sex, USA, 2002 (in Respondent’s Sex, USA, 2002 (in percent, n=2,237)percent, n=2,237)

respondent’s sex male female

number of sex partners

0 or 1 79 90

more than 1 21 10

total 100 100

n 1,004 1,233

Number of Sex Partners by Number of Sex Partners by Respondent’s Sex, USA, 2002, Respondent’s Sex, USA, 2002, Married People Only (in Married People Only (in percent, n=1,033)percent, n=1,033)

respondent’s sex malefemale

number of sex partners0 or 1 95 99more than 1 5 1total 100 100n 499 534

4+/wk

Never inpreceding year

2-3/mo

Criticisms of SociobiologyCriticisms of Sociobiology

1. Many behaviours discussed by sociobiologists are not universal and some are not even that common.

2. It has never been verified that specific behaviours and social arrangements are associated with specific genes.

3. Variations among people are not due just to their genes, but also to their environment and random variation.

““It’s Human Nature”It’s Human Nature”

“Nature, Mr Allnut, is what we are put in the world to rise above.” -- Rose Sayer (Katherine Hepburn) in The African Queen (1951)

Social Factors Underlying the Social Factors Underlying the Emergence of Childhood, Emergence of Childhood,

Adolescence, and Young AdulthoodAdolescence, and Young Adulthood

Prolonged childhood, etc., was necessary in societies that required better-educated adults to do increasingly complex work because childhood gave young people a chance to prepare for adult life.

Prolonged childhood, etc., was possible in societies where improved hygiene and nutrition allowed most people to live more than 35 years.

Recent Influences on Recent Influences on Youth SocializationYouth Socialization

Declining adult supervision and guidance.

Increasing media and peer group influence.

Declining extracurricular activities. Increasing adult responsibilities. Changes in child-rearing practices.

Percent of American adults who say an event is at least somewhat important to being considered an adult, 2002 (in percent; n=1,400)

Percent of American adults completing transition to adulthood using traditional benchmarks (leaving home, finishing school, getting married, having a child, and being financially independent; 1960 and 2000, census data)

Per

cent

Reasons for Slower Transition Reasons for Slower Transition to Adulthoodto Adulthood

Less government assistance for education and housing.

More difficulty finding a secure, full-time job, especially for those without higher education because the proportion of “precarious” jobs has increased.

More training necessary for some jobs.

ResocializationResocialization Resocialization occurs when powerful

socializing agents deliberately cause rapid change in people’s values, roles and self-conception, sometimes against their will.

Initiation rites signify the transition of the individual from one group to another and insure his or her loyalty to the new group. Often they involve a three-stage ceremony: rejection (separation from one’s old status

and identity); death (degradation, disorientation) rebirth (acceptance of the new group

culture and ones’ new status)

Private Lynndie England Private Lynndie England at Abu Ghraib Prisonat Abu Ghraib Prison

American Private Lynndie England became infamous when photographs were made public showing her and other American soldiers abusing Iraqi prisoners in contravention of international law. “She’s never been in trouble. She’s not the person that the photographs point her out to be,” said her childhood friend, Destiny Gloin. As in Zimbardo’s experiment, she was transformed by a structure of power and a culture of intimidation that made the prisoners seem subhuman.

The Stanford Prison Experiment The Stanford Prison Experiment WebsiteWebsitehttp://www.prisonexp.org/

Das Experiment (2001)