SNOW AND ICE CONTROL FOR

PARKING LOTS AND SIDEWALKS (SICOPS)

Liping Fu, PhD, P.Eng

Professor

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Snow and Ice Conference and Expos, Landscape Ontario

Sept 20, 2012,

2

www.civil.uwaterloo.ca/itss

3

iTSS Lab

RSC Monitoring and

Forecasting

Treatment

Evaluation

Maintenance Optimization

Traffic

Management

Benefit & Performance

Measurements

4

THE SICOPS PROJECT

Goal: Develop guidelines for snow

and ice control of parking lots and

sidewalks

4

5 PARTNERS

5 Several contractors …

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PROJECT PROGRESS

Year 0 (2010/11):

Prep

Year 1

(2011/12):

Test on Solid Salt

Year 2 (2012/13):

Test on Liquid and Solid

Year 3:

(2012/13):

Organic materials

6

7

RESEARCH APPROACH

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I. Survey of Practice

II. Theory of Deicing/Anti-

icing

III. UW Micro Testing

V. Model Calibration

VI. Guidelines

IV. Field Observation

SURVEY OF CURRENT PRACTICE

Part I:

9

SURVEY RESULTS: SURVEY RESPONSE

100 Complete Responses

9

10

SURVEY RESULTS: APPLICATION RATES

10

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

0-5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70 +

Fre

qu

en

cy

(%)

Application Rate (lbs/1000 sq feet)

Heavy Light

OPTIMUM APPLICATION RATE:

THE MODEL

Part II:

12

THEORY: FACTORS ON MELTING SPEED…

12

Melting Speed

Dilution

Traffic

Sky View

Pavement

Temp Trend

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THEORY: OTHER FACTORS …

13

Optimal

Rate

Spreading

Method

Circuit

Time Residual

Salt

UW MICRO TESTING

Part III:

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MICRO TESTING: TEST SITE

15 University of Waterloo Parking Lot C

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MICRO TESTING: PROCEDURE

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Observe Initial

Conditions

Event Starts

Maintenance

Observations

End of Event

Observations until

Pare Pavement Measuring Friction

Measuring Pavement Temperature

Weighing Salt to be Spread

Spreading Salt Manually

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MICRO TESTING: DATA COLLECTION

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Weather

Condition

Pavement

Temp

Snow

Cover

Residual

Salt

Friction

Level

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-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Experiment Days

Snow Fall (cm)

Minimum Temp

Maximum Temp

MICRO TESTING: SNOW EVENTS (2011/2012)

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RESULTS

ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT

FACTORS

Melting

Performance Rate

Temperature

Traffic Parking

Material

Snow Type

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RESULTS - EFFECT ANALYSIS

EFFECT OF APPLICATION RATE

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36

Re

ga

in T

ime

(h

r)

Rate (lbs/1000sft)

T (-10.08)

T (-8.9)

T (-8.2)

T (-6.98)

T (-4.67)

T (-4.85)

T (-5.10)

T (-3.33)

T (-6.17)

T (-0.75)

T (-3)

T (+2.4)

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RESULTS - EFFECT ANALYSIS

EFFECT OF PAVEMENT TEMPERATURE

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0 5 10 15 20 25

Re

ga

in T

ime

(h

r)

Application Rate (lbs/1000sft)

>-3C

-4C~-6C

-7C~-10C

<-10C

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 5 10 15 20

Re

ga

in T

ime

(h

r)

Rates (lbs/1000sft)

T (-4.5)

T (-10.3) (VL)

T (-7.61), (PC)

T (-3.92)

T (-6.33)

T (+2.3)

T (-3)

RESULTS - EFFECT ANALYSIS

EFFECT OF TRAFFIC WITH TRAFFIC

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RESULTS - EFFECT ANALYSIS

EFFECT OF TRAFFIC WITHOUT TRAFFIC

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36

Re

ga

in T

ime

(h

r)

Rate (lbs/1000sft)

T (-10.08)

T (-8.9)

T (-8.2)

T (-6.98)

T (-4.67)

T (-4.85)

T (-5.10)

T (-3.33)

T (-6.17)

T (-0.75)

T (-3)

T (+2.4)

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0

2

4

6

-12 -9 -6 -3 0

Re

ga

in T

ime

(h

r)

Temperature

Salt (5 to

8lbs/1000sft)

Sand-Salt Mix

(10

lbs/1000sft)

(50:50)

BP Regain Time:

Salt vs. Salt-Sand Mix

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DATA COLLECTION AT EXTERNAL SITES

Part IV:

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26

I T I S C H A L L E N G I N G B U T F U N . , ,

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27 www.sicops.ca