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$16 Per Hour SNG Blueprint – Part #4

Boosting Your Profits

Mark's Intro To Part #4

Of all the parts of the $16 per hour Blueprint, this is the one I enjoyed writing the most. By following the strategies and insights in parts 1 to 3 you will have built the foundation of a profitable SNG bankroll building system that can easily earn you a decent hourly rate whenever you have the time to play at the tables.... Now is the time to fine tune that system – with extras which will improve your win rate incrementally.

Here I will cover ways in which you can save money as well as make money… you can improve your win rate just as much by avoiding other winners or finding the easiest games as you can by getting better value from your premium pairs!

While examples will be given in this part of the course, it is important that you step back from individual hands and think about how the concepts I explain relate to your overall multi-tabling strategy.

Right, let us get you up to speed earning $16 or more per hour!

GL at the tables, Mark http://www.sitandgoplanet.com

Copyright Notice: The contents of the $16 / hour SNG Blueprint are copyright Planet Corporation Kft and may not be reproduced without express written permission. We proactively protect this text, and all associated websites using Copyscape TM, and have a “no exceptions” policy of always reporting infringements to ISPs, Search Engines and any 3rd party sites our material is used to commercially promote.

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$16 / Hr SNG Blueprint – List Of Contents

Chapter #1 – The Importance Of Avoiding Known Winners, In Numbers

Chapter #2 - 2 Places To Find Fishy SNGs To Boost Your Profits

Chapter #3 – Fine Tuning Your Early Game Strategy

Chapter #4 – Fine Tuning Your Middle Game Strategy

Chapter #5 – Fine Tuning Your Bubble Strategy, Equilibrium In Ranges

Chapter #6 – Heads-up Play, Moving From Unexploitable Play To Exploitative Play

Chapter #7 – Special: How To Exploit Regulars!

Chapter #8 – Special: Isolation Plays, A Look At Ranges For Regs And Fish

Chapter #9 – SNG Specific Room Reviews And Finding The Softest Games

Chapter #10 – Psychology, Downswings And Subtle Tilt And How To Cope

Chapter #11 – The Big Wrap Up!

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Chapter #1 – The Importance Of Avoiding Known Winners – In Numbers

One of the biggest factors in assessing your potential profitability in SNGs is the skill level of your opponents. It makes sense that you opponents get better as you move up levels, and your percentage return per game decreases – though the higher buy-ins increase your overall hourly rate.

Here I look at the lower and middle levels, games which are often populated by several winning multi-tablers as well as many inexperienced opponents. This chapter looks at how playing against other winners players affects your profit expectations - even when you feel you have a profitable edge against those other winners.

First let us briefly recap where your profit comes from in SNGs. Well, this comes from your opponents mistakes. After all, if everyone played a mythical 'perfect' poker then over a large sample we would all break even and the 'house' (poker sites) would be the only winner (due to their fees).

Below are simplified numbers which look at the effect of winning players at your table on your potential ROI. While avoiding other winners every time is extremely hard, what I am hoping is that the numbers make you aware that this makes a big difference – and so motivates you to seek out weak opponents at the easiest sites!

In the first example I will look at a 10 player SNG where 3 of your opponents are winning players - they make the same number of errors as you! As usual I will exclude rake from the calculations to keep the numbers simple. We will look at it from 3 angles;

1) Reduced Prize Pool Accounting For The Winning Player's Profits:

10 player SNG - $100 pool - on 'average' your 3 winning opponents will take home $12 each, remaining 7 (including you) now fight over 64 / 7 = $9.1 each - your ROI = 20% so you now can expect $1.8 + $9.1 or an average of $10.9 (so your ROI is effectively reduced to 9% after the 3 other winners have taken their average shares).

Of course this is greatly simplified - your ROI also affects the other winners, and not all losers are equally bad. What this does start to show is the large effect that playing against too many other winners can have!

2) Taking An Average Return From Each Player Individually To Calculate Your Total ROI.

If your imagined ROI of 20% comes from equally 9 losing players and you now put 3 winners on the table your expected return decreases. Against 6 remaining losers you have 20% ‘edge’, against 3

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winners you have 0% edge over time. So we reduce your 20% by 1/3rd to reflect your new average against the whole table – reducing your return per SNG from 20% to 13.33%.

3) Strategy Considerations Of Playing Other Winners

Winning SNG players (and especially those who have followed the Blueprint!) know that profits come from the bubble! The key point here is that winning players make fewer (and smaller) bubble mistakes than losers. Conversely, losing players make plenty of bubble errors - once you have a critical mass of bad opponents at the bubble then your expectation increases dramatically (since they are liable to bust each other, handing you their prize pool equity). I believe that having too many winning regulars playing for the bubble is actually a bigger drain on your winnings than the simple ‘reduce by 1/3rd for 3’ math indicates.

How Winners Hurt You Even When You Can Beat Them!

A common response on poker forums is that the key is to get better than the other winning players – ‘improve to survive’. This advice is well meant, you can certainly make more money this way, though it is still nowhere close to the benefit you would gain from actively avoiding these regulars in the first place.

To show you how this works in practice we introduce a ‘super player’, who is good enough to have a positive expectation against all the other winners – and show why the ‘get better than the regulars’ argument is far from being the whole story.

ROI Against Winning Players Part #2 - The Mythical 'Super Player'

First I will set the scene... 10 players, $100 prize pool (50%/30%/20%).... our mythical ‘super-player’ has a 40% ROI (not really achievable long term, this is just an example to show the concept), Thus for every $10 invested he makes $4 profit – fees are excluded as usual to keep the numbers easy to work with.

Next let us add in 3 winners but exclude the edge against them from our super-player for now. If we give the 3 winners a 25% ROI then $37.50 is gone from the prize pool (on average) leaving $62.50 for the remaining 7 players or $8.90 each... our Super-Player has +40% and so makes (again on average) $12.46 per game. His ROI with 6 average and 3 winning opponents is 24.6%.

Next let us factor in our super-players edge against the other winners. Here we have to calculate that edge by doing the math backward from the above example.... if our super-player takes $14 from the

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prize pool we have $86 left for the other 9 = $9.5 each - our 3 winners have 25% so $11.85 per game or 18.5% ROI - thus the edge of the super player against the 3 winners is just over 6%.

Now we get to the key question - what is the true ROI of the super player vs the 3 winners and 6 losers. Well it is all in the calculations above (40% *6)+(6%*3)/9 = 28.6%

So his edge vs the winners has increased his expectation from 24.6% to 28.8%... not much when you consider that he had 40% when these regulars he could beat were not at the table at all.

The numbers above are simplified and way too high to be real, though hopefully still make a valid point - winning players at your SNG table are bad for your ROI - whether you are better than them or not!

The solution is two-fold. You need to practice good table selection, that is avoid other winners where possible. If this means spending 10 minutes making a coffee before you start to play because 4 ‘regs’ are waiting in each game then do so - your increased profits will more than make up for it.

Secondly, some poker sites have better players - and more winning players - than others. Ask yourself this question: Is it worth the effort to move to another site when you could be one of the only long-term winners at your level?

I have been making this ‘follow the fish’ point since part #1 of the Blueprint – hopefully if words alone were not enough to convince some readers to get moving then the math will make things crystal clear for you!

My top suggestions for the easiest games are listed below – and should give even the most hardened multi-tablers among you more than enough games to choose from!

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Chapter #2 - 2 Places To Find Fishy SNGs To Boost Your Profits

Now, my recommendation for Titan Poker stands, the trouble is that you can not always get the volume of tables required at all times of day. So here I have 2 more sites to recommend! Well, I to highly recommend as the next step in your SNG career, and another as a backup for those of you who want to push forward with higher value and / or volume.

Great Site With More Recreational Opponents – OnGame’s Excellent Red Kings Poker.

OnGame is a network of poker sites who are well known for having friendly and soft games – and a decent software platform too. They are ideal for players looking at add some extra volume, or to clear another bonus and boost their bankroll that way. One of the things I like about Red Kings (other than the choice of 6 sign-up bonuses) are the regular promotions and offers which are aimed at the recreational crowd – they keep the fish coming back, so you can profit!

You choose from a 100% match of $250, $500 or $1000 – with my bonus codes SNG250, SNG500 or SNG1000 – Ctrl + Click This Link Now To Check Out The Excellent Red Kings Poker!

Moving Up In Value And / Or Volume – Full Tilt Poker

Full Tilt have got a lot softer since they were forced to pull out of the US in April 2011. The best thing is that the world’s second largest poker site have maintained enough volume to offer a large number of SNGs through the day – even at the mid-stakes of $24+. This site are also recommended for those who enjoy multi-table tournaments. If you have not played at Full Tilt before then you should check them out as soon as possible – bonus code = SNG600 for your 100% matched welcome bonus.

Ctrl + Click This Link To Check Out Full Tilt Poker Now!

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Taking my recommendation alone is quite enough. Your task as a profitable SNG player is to quickly identify those players you see at the tables frequently. You should then watch their strategy and assess who are the winners from some of the many online stats services (Tournament Shark will also do this for you). If you just identify and make notes on a couple of winners each time you play you will end up with a powerful advantage – both avoiding games with too many of these players and adjusting your bubble play against them will improve your profits!!

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Chapter #3 – Fine Tuning Your Early Game Strategy

One of the (many) frustrating things about the lower to mid limit SNGs is that your opponents have a tendency to ‘call-call-call’. They will call you with trash after you raise pre-flop, call you with nothing at all on the flop, call you with a 4-out draw on the turn and then overbet the pot when they hit their miracle card on the river.

This is a caricature of course – though it comes close. This type of play is easy to profit from, what many players miss is that making the ‘right play’ is up to them – it is no use at all blaming an inexperienced opponent for playing ‘badly’ after the hand. By playing the super-tight + implied odds strategy outlined in this course you will already be benefiting from the ‘loose-chaser’ type of players very well. What this section addresses is the question “Could We Adapt Even Better To Exploit Inexperienced Opponents Early?” – the answer is a resounding yes!

So, here are a collection of tips which should see your returns improve, my advice is to read though them and then take 1 or 2 per session and think about how they might apply to your game. This gradual build can be complimented by keeping hand examples and working on them between sessions.

Early Game Tip #1 – Get Super Strict With Position

Again and again you will read strategy which points out the value of position in poker. Again and again I see players in lower level SNG tournaments routinely ignore this advice. When you are multi-tabling it is important to keep decision making as straight forward as possible. If you like tough decisions then try raising your ace-jack from the blinds or playing a suited connector from under the gun!

Please, when you are fine tuning your game make some ‘rules’ which fit the importance of position into your personal style of play. I would suggest extremely strict starting hand requirements from the first 3 positions at the table, and also from the blinds in the early stages. Take note of aggressive opponents and play when you have position on them, not the other way around – those chips are too important for the bubble to have your continuation bet re-raised when you have no idea where you stand!!

Early Game Tip #2 – Exercise Caution When The Betting Is ‘Open’

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When someone opens the pot your starting hand requirements must go up – and fast. When opening a pot you are implicitly assuming a random distribution of hands for your opponents, when someone bets they are already reducing their range of hands significantly (by how much depends on the individual and the circumstances of course).

A common early game mistake I see is that there is a raise, a small re-raise and then a 3rd player flat calls. This is crazy play most of the time, the initial raiser may well re-pop the betting, and even if not then you will need to assume that 2nd bettor had a great hand. If a pot gets 3-bet I advise folding all non-premium hands, those few times your opponents were messing around will be more than compensated by the time you save your entire stack. When multi-tabling and considering calling a raise, scan to make sure the betting is not open – that the original raiser can not come in with a 4th bet!

Inexperienced players often end up playing easily dominated hands, out of position in raised pots – a situation which is extremely easy to avoid with just a little forethought. Do make sure you make a note of any ‘serial 3-bettors’ out there, who re-raise aggressively with mid-strength hands, it will not be too long before you get to trap them for a very big pot indeed!

Early Game Tip #3 – After The Flop, Getting And Edge In Your Continuation Betting

Continuation betting refers to betting out on the flop when you took the lead in betting / raising before the flop – you are continuing with the aggression you showed before, whether or not you hit the flop. There are several factors which influence the success rate of your continuation bets. Bear in mind that our goal in the initial stages of a SNG is to conserve chips where possible. This means I prefer the more cautious approach to continuation bets.

Here are those 5 key continuation bet factors (Note: I have adapted from a previous SNG Planet article

especially for the Blueprint course)

1) The Number Of Opponents: The bigger the number of opponents active in the hand on the flop the lower the chance that your continuation bet will succeed. Against a single opponent you can expect to win the pot more than half the time, against 4 or 5 opponents your success rate can plummet to 20%. If you missed the flop completely 1 or 2 opponents is best, any more than this and I am likely to check / fold a missed flop – maintaining the option to use a delayed continuation bet on a suitable turn card.

2) Larger continuation bets succeed more often – …yet lose you more chips when they fail. Very small continuation bets are likely to be called often, while this diminishes as the bet gets larger there is a statistical ‘sweet spot’ between 40% to 60% of the current pot size. This gets the

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maximum value as bets of this size usually induce opponents to fold, bigger (pot size or above) bets get slightly more folds – but more chips when they are called. Make sure you get a feel for the bet sizes which are routinely called at your site, and adjust accordingly while making sure that your bet sizing does not give away too much information on your hand to an observant opponent.

3) Calling Stations And Sharks: There are two types of opponent who are more likely to call your continuation bet. Highly skilled players and very unskilled players! The highly skilled players will expect you to continuation bet and will call often to see what you do on the turn. ‘Calling Stations’ (very bad players who tend to call too often) will think that their 3rd pair with no kicker is a good enough hand to call all the way to the river – be careful of both of these opponents!

4) The Number Of Potential Draws: When the flop comes with 3 suited cards or 2 suited cards and 2 cards to a straight the success rate of continuation bets goes down considerably. This is because many opponents will call your bet in the hope of getting paid off if they hit their straight or flush. Conversely, flops that contain pairs or widely spaced unsuited cards (known as ‘dry flops’ are excellent candidates for continuation bets. These are much less likely to have hit your opponent.

5) High Cards On The Flop: The higher the flop comes the more likely your continuation bet is to succeed against a single opponent. Flops containing an Ace are the best of all. You should often bet out even when you do not hold an Ace yourself as your opponent will not generally call without one. The same principle works with King and Queen-high flops. As the board gets lower your continuation bet success rate will drop – be careful on those small-card flops. High card flops become dangerous in multi-way pots – be extra cautious if you have more than 2 opponents!

Early Game Tip #4 – The Donk Bet And What It Means

Here is a fun tip which can help you win a few pots! Inexperienced players have a tendency to bet into pots when they called a raise before the flop from out of position – especially from the blinds. This is known as a ‘donk bet’ and the player making it is ‘donking’ into the pre-flop raiser. The reason for such a derogatory term is that this bet rarely makes any sense, either for a good or a bad hand – or even a draw. A common situation occurs when this out of position donk bet is for the minimum, and it signals weakness so often that you should almost always make a healthy raise whether you hit the flop or not when you see a min-bet from someone who did not raise before the flop.

One small caveat – since good players see this so often they sometimes use it to induce a raise when they hit a monster. Here the solution is to make sure you know who the solid winners are and note them. Proceed with caution if it is these players who make the ‘mini-donk bet’.

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Early Game Tip #5 – Habitual Check-Raisers

Checking and then raising is horribly over-used in all forms of poker, my view is that this is one of the first ‘moves’ players learn and they often go a little over the top in finding ‘opportunities’ to use it. If you see this happen remember to make a note, the players who like to do it will keep doing it, and this gives you some advantages over them.

For a start you will be able to get a lot of free cards, perfect if you called with a high implied odds hand such as a suited connector before the flop. Secondly they are ready to pounce on weakness, which makes building a pot easier those times you do hit a good hand. Make a small bet, call their check-raise and then re-raise their inevitable turn bet. By the time that ‘Mr Moves’ figures that he is beaten you could easily have half of his stack in the middle.

Instead of check-raising often yourself I recommend betting in a lot of situations, you will not only win a lot of small pots uncontested, but your truly strong hands will be disguised by the frequency of your bets. Check-raising has its place in a balanced strategy, however it has drawbacks for both extremely strong hands and weak ones – and so should be used sparingly when multi-tabling SNGs.

Early Game Tip #6 – No Need To Get Tricky

Continuing with the beginners and moves theme, tip 6 is that the vast majority of your play should be in line with the situation and strength of your hand. Many new players get so overwhelmed with the subtlety ‘he thinks she thinks he thinks’ that they end up playing backwards! Just watch those tables and you will see lots of players who bet big when weak and small when strong. It is almost funny to see someone who raises 4 times almost every hand suddenly mini-bet.

Most of your opponents in the lower level SNGs will be inexperienced enough to be playing their own cards and thinking of little else. Those who are experienced are likely to be multi-tabling (like you!) and will probably not have noticed any of your ‘moves’ anyway. This means that the optimal line is usually to get as much money into the pot when you are strong, and try and keep the pot small (or win it cheaply) when you are weak. There is no need to get tricky when multi-tabling lower level SNGs – betting the strength of your hand, with the occasional aggressive move really is enough to make a great profit.

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Chapter #4 – Fine Tuning Your Middle Game Strategy

Next we come to the middle game, you are down to 6 or so opponents, with 15 to 20 big blinds in your stack and it is time to turn up the aggression. You will see a huge amount of mistakes made in the middle stages of SNG tournaments. In this section I will cover how to take advantage of them in addition to some strategies for stealing a bit more than your fair share of blinds in preparation for the bubble.

In the same format as the preceding chapter, a number of tips which will each improve your ROI are outlined below. I again suggest identifying 1 or 2 of these per session to think about and implement into your own approach to the middle stages.

Mid Game Tip #1 – Odds For Calling, Odds For Raising, Implied Odds

Implied odds go way down in the middle stages of SNG tournaments. Those suited connectors, suited aces and small pairs should not be used to call raises under most circumstances, in fact there are now very few situations where you should be calling raises at all. If you see a raise ahead then get into the habit of either ditching these hands or re-stealing / value re-raising with them.

An interesting perspective on the lack of implied odds is how to best profit from those players who do not understand this and go ahead with ‘set mining’ with only a potential 5-to-1 available if they hit and get fully paid. The answer really depends on this type of players post-flop tendencies, especially whether or not they can fold that pair of 6’s on an Ace-Queen-Ten flop!

While the hands you can call raises with go down, so do the hands that your opponents can call raises with. This leads to the situation where you can profitably raise with those same hands you snap fold to a raise ahead. Steal light, particularly from position and against opponents you noted as competent (either through your own observations of through a tool such as Tournament Shark).

Mid Game Tip #2 – The Push Over Limpers

Note: This is another tip which I adapted from an original article at SNG Planet - the good news is that this move works just as well as ever!

With the blinds at around 8% to 10% of your stack and 6 or 7 or so opponents still in the game then the push over limpers can be an effective – and relatively risk free – way to gain chips. Here is the kind of situation we would like to see before making this move:

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You have 1400 chips and are on the button… the blind is 150 and you see 2 limpers enter the pot ahead of you. You look down to see a hand like Ace-Jack or 99. Instead of making a raise here you simply shove all-in. If the limpers fold you just increased your stack by 525 chips (including the blinds), if someone calls you have a hand with some nice showdown value and may well double up. The combination of these factors giving you a nice positive expectation on the move over time.

In order to work out the math behind this strategy we need to answer 2 questions:

- How often do we expect to have a caller?

- When we are called what is our expectation against the range of hands which might limp and then call an all-in reraise?

For the ‘percentage of time called’ many factors come into play – the level of SNG you are playing will affect this – though generally this will only be a small percentage of the time. After all, if anyone had a genuine raising hand they have already had the opportunity to raise once, many of them after seeing someone enter the pot - yet they turned it down.

For the blinds (of yet to act) the calling range is also very narrow, premium pairs and AK (maybe AQ suited) we will give them 5% combined… they have seen 2 limps and a push ahead after all.

Of course, the limpers may have been slowplaying a premium hand. How likely this is depends on the individuals involved. The fact is that they have already shown weakness by limping rather than raising – we would expect the gap between their limping hands and those they would call a re-raise with to be fairly wide here.

Let us work with a 10% chance of a call from the first limper and an 8% from the second. The small differences taking into account that the second limper would probably have re-raised with many medium pairs (10-10 for example) to avoid a multi-way pot.

The sum of these chances of being called is 23%. So – 77% of the time we win 525 extra chips with no showdown.

For the remainder of the time we need to work out how our hands fare against the range of hands that we might be called with. The difficulty here is that (again, especially in the lower levels) we might get a ‘fishy call’ by a wide range. On the whole we would expect to see a decent hand when called though – something like 77+, AKo+ and AQ suited.

Our equity is thus: 99 – 44% AJs- 36%

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That is a nice percentage of wins to combine with the 77% that we win without a showdown. It should be crystal clear that this move has a big positive expectation over time – as long as it is not over-used, since doing it 3 times in quick succession almost guarantees someone will ‘take a stand’ with their King-Ten suited!

Mid Game Tip #3 – Thinking About Resealing And Fold Equity

Restealing is a powerful tool in the middle stages, and a great way of gaining chips if the circumstances are right. This involves re-raising from the blinds or button after someone has opened the betting with a raise. In a similar way to the ‘push over limpers’ above, we are gaining equity due to the fact that our opponents raising range is (usually) wide compared to the range of hands they are capable of calling an all-in re-raise with.

Those times you are called you hope your hand will have enough equity to win a showdown between 35% and 40% of the time. Since the range of hands you will be called with when restealing are at the top end, including premium pairs and big aces – using hands such as suited connectors which are ‘live’ when called by ace-king (for example) often adds a few percentage points.

Ideal times to resteal depend on stack sizes (see below) and also the tendencies of your opponents. If someone appears to raise every time it is folded to them on the button then a timely resteal from the big blind can make them think twice about raising next time in addition to winning you the current pot.

Mid Game Tip #4 – Stack Sizes Matter, Playing Those Difficult Stack Sizes

Many players struggle to play the ‘difficult’ stack sizes of 12 to 18 big blinds, here you often feel you have too many chips to shove all-in – yet too few to play post flop or wish to raise pre-flop and then fold to a re-raise. What many new players also fail to realize is that their stacks are only as big as the biggest in the hand, if you have 30 times the blind but all of your opponents have 13 then you are effectively playing a 13 big blind stack whenever you enter a pot – this is known as the ‘effective stack size’ for that particular hand.

My advice is to scan the remaining stacks in the hand each time you consider playing a hand. Remember that the big stacks and small stacks are the ones most likely to play back at you. Big stacks feel (often correctly!) that they can put pressure on you, and small stacks may be desperate enough to go with any reasonable looking hand.

In the hands of strong players stacks of 12 to 15 blinds are excellent for re-stealing with, since you will not meet too many strong players in lower limit SNGs you can steal from this type of stack

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effectively too. If you see someone re-raising more than once then take a quick note – you may have come across someone who is aware of the mid-stakes stack size dynamic.

Mid Game Tip #5 – Big Stack Play In The Middle Stages

Only having a big stack at the bubble can compare to the pleasures of having the chips as you get to those tricky middle stages. The key words when it comes to playing this stack are pressure and awareness (of your opponents). You should be raising often, attacking the mid sized stacks who are looking to make it to the bubble. Pay attention to effective stack sizes here, if your only remaining opponent has 7 blinds then you might as well just put them all in – since of they re-raise the huge pot odds would compel you to call. Likewise some of the stacks raising into you might not be able to fold to a re-raise before the flop (again largely due to pot odds). Unless you want to take the worst end of a 35% / 65% or 40% / 60% showdown then be careful with your re-raising.

It can pay to identify those players who understand how stack sizes affect play and those who do not during this stage of the tournament. Remember that a medium-stack raise from an experienced winning regular is likely to mean a tighter range than the same raise from someone who is less experienced.

Mid Game Tip #6 – Small Stack Play In The Middle Stages

Small stack play does not give you the luxury of waiting for good cards, and there are good reasons you should not do this. A scenario I see often is that the small stack goes from 800 to 600 chips by blinding away, finally wins a pot and gets back to 1200, only to find the blinds higher and their situation still desperate. Now, imagine that this same player stole 300 chips worth of blinds while waiting – and then doubled to 2200. This stack is often enough to make everyone think twice about calling when the bubble comes – giving the short stack the opportunity to steal pots at this crucial time.

My suggestion is that you should be attacking the medium sized stacks, there are often one or two players whose stack would be severely dented by losing 800 chips – be prepared to shove into their blinds before you blind away yourself, this will show a greater profit over time.

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Chapter #5 – Fine Tuning Your Bubble Strategy, Equilibrium In Ranges

A quick recap on the central concepts of our approach to the bubble, in case anyone needed a refresher!

- We are not playing to win, or playing to cash, we are making decisions which maximize our prize pool equity over and over again.

- These decisions are driven by the math behind the Independent Chip Model, you need to have a tool such as SNG Wiz to calculate this.

- In order to get good data out of our ICM calculator we need to put our opponents on reasonable ranges.

- The ranges of hands people play at the bubble change when they understand the dynamics we are describing here!!

So far so good, in the lower level SNGs you only need to play a mathematically solid game – your opponents will make errors that will pay your hourly wages!

It follows that most of the tips below concern giving accurate ranges to your opponents and exploiting situations where stack sizes allow you to get an advantage. First of all, I will talk a little about equilibrium:

Bubble Profit Tip #1 - Equilibrium In Bubble Ranges:

In this example there are two thinking players, each understand ICM and know that the other one also understands this. Note that the real numbers will vary depending on exact stack sizes and player ranges – I have once again simplified the numbers in order to make the point clearly!

Player A is in the small blind and decides he can profitably push a range of 80% of hands with 8 big blinds, since B, who is in the big blind will only call with the top 10% of holdings.

However, B knows that A knows he will only call with 10% and thus knows that A can push with 80%. Player B can use the math to work out that he can actually profitably call with 25% of hands – exploiting A’s assumption to his benefit.

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Next we consider that A might work out that B will really call with 25%, since B ‘knows’ that A will push 80%. A can then counter this strategy by only pushing 65%, getting a profitable edge against B’s 25% calling range.

We could carry on here, though I am sure you get the picture – at some point in this chain of ‘he knows, she knows, he knows’ we reach a balance point, an equilibrium in the ranges. I recommend that you go through 4 or 5 levels of a scenario above with SNG Wiz – you will notice that the ranges get gradually closer together.

Of course, this is all very well in theory, what we need to ask is: What are the practical applications?

If we stick to the first couple of levels you should be able to profit from this idea fairly fast. Regulars will often push into you too light once they see you in enough games to see you as a thinking regular yourself. Since they assume you will not call wide, their pushing range increases, make sure you calculate your expanded calling range against this kind of play at various different stack size levels, you will be able to profit!!

Conversely, once you are known your pushing range into a ‘good’ opponent can tighten -just a little – this will exploit the fact that they are assuming your will be pushing wide. As with everything in poker, you might need to readjust once people figure your pattern!

The rest of this chapter comprises some bubble play tips.

Bubble Profit Tip #2 – Keeping The Bubble Alive!

Here is another tip adapted from a SNG Planet article, when the situation is right you can literally own the bubble by keeping an ultra-short stack alive!

Sometimes a tiny stack at the bubble can give you the opportunity to take chips from your medium stacked opponents. The idea is that the medium stacks do not want to go out in 4th while there is still a tiny stack at the table – and as a big stack you use this fact to your advantage!

Here is an example of such a situation. Your stack is big enough that losing a hand to either of the ‘medium stacks’ still leaves you with a comfortable chip lead. The very small stack is immediately to your right and is almost all-in by posting the big blind. In this example we assume that the blinds are 300 and 150 (chips shown before posting the blinds).

C/O: 2100 Button: 2100

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Small Blind (You!): 7500 Big Blind: 500

In this situation you can strongly consider folding your small blind to the small stack – even if you are dealt a strong hand He will then have 650 chips and you 8350. You give up the chance to bust the small stack because you can create an even more favorable situation by raising the other guys! In this example you can raise enough to put the medium stacks all-in on the next 2 hands. A net gain of 900 chips.

It is not just the immediate gain in chips which is the important factor here. Once the bubble does burst and you arrive in the money places you may well have an even bigger chip lead than before. Each chip you take while the bubble is still going gives you a greater chance of getting 1st place later.

One thing you need to be careful with is making sure that your opponents have enough understanding of bubble play to make this work. If the medium stacked players are oblivious to anything but their own two cards then this less effective.

Bubble Profit Tip #3 – Adjusting To The Position Of The Big Stack

It is always useful to ask ‘where will my chips come from?’ as you approach each bubble. One particular issue occurs when you have the big stack to your immediate left, which can make it more difficult to steal those times you are folded to.

There are times when you can anticipate this situation during the middle stages. For example if someone doubles up early and then wins a pot or two during the mid stage against timid opponents it can quickly become apparent that you have a bubble problem in the making! Here is can become worthwhile making an aggressive move against the remaining players, for example being more willing to resteal, to give yourself enough chips to threaten the big stack – if not with elimination then at least with a ‘stack swap’ later down the line.

Remember, many players with big chip-stacks do not want to take the worst of it for no reason. You can definitely give them a looser bubble calling range than a mid-stack, though you might be pleasantly surprised by the number of hands you can still profitably call.

Bubble Profit Tip #4 – That Looks Unusual!

Just as many new poker players get tricky in the early stages, many will help you to define their ranges at the bubble by suddenly making an out of character bet. The easiest to spot is when someone who has pushed all-in several times suddenly makes a small raise (mini-raise being the favorite) instead. Alarm bells should be ringing here.

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This can also be used as an elaborate bluff, I do not recommend this to be honest, you can make plenty of money playing the numbers without second guessing yourself in these situations… though the more adventurous among you might like to try this move!

Bubble Profit Tip #5 – When ‘$ev Fold’ Is Higher Than It Seems

The expected value of folding is the baseline from which we can decide whether a move has a positive or negative return. There are situations where your expectation in prize pool equity from folding is actually positive – and sometimes significantly positive.

When your opponents are crazy, pushing all-in and calling all-ins hand-after-hand, you may be confident that the bubble will burst without you. In this example you might have an advantage of a couple of dollars (percentage points) per round, just from the benefit of this craziness. This is one of the rare situations I would consider turning down a small positive edge according to the numbers, giving up a little ev today to have more tomorrow. The edge would have to be very small mind, something inside me just takes leaving even the smallest amount of prize pool equity on the table!

Bubble Profit Tip #6 – The Cooperation Play, When To Cooperate And When To Push!

Another tip adapted and improved from a SNG Planet article, well – we do have the biggest collection of top quality SNG articles anywhere online!! This concerns when the time is right to cooperate with your opponents and ‘check down’ to ensure that the bubble bursts – a common and profitable move!

There are times where it makes more sense to check than to bet – even if this means committing the ‘poker crime’ of giving an opponent a free card with which to beat you. The main example occurs at the bubble (or close to it) in a SNG when a small stack is all-in.

This article will explain why ‘checking a hand down’ with another large stack can be more profitable than betting out – and also explain when not to check down!

Here is a common situation in a Sit N Go tournament with 4 players remaining and the standard 3 player 20 / 30 / 50% payout structure:

Player 1: 4000 Chips Player 2: 400 Chips Player 3: 3000 Chips (after posting the small blind of 100) Player 4 (You): 2500 Chips (after posting the big blind of 200)

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The action is as follows: Player 1 folds, player 2 goes all-in for 400 chips, player 3 calls and you look down to see 6-8 off suit.

This is a perfect situation to call the 200 chips with the intention of checking the hand down with player 3. The initial call is largely based on the pot-odds (you are calling 200 chips to see a pot of 1000 so getting 5-1). However there is another reason to call here, under normal circumstances Player 3 will cooperate with you in maximizing the chance to eliminate player 2 by checking the hand down.

By doing this you increase the chances that Player 2 will be eliminated and that you both move into the money paying places. Betting, especially with a weak or vulnerable hand, may result in a situation where a hand that could have beaten player 2 in a showdown folds on the flop. Now when Player 2 wins the hand there are still 4 players actively competing for the 3 paying places.

Exercise: Think about the above scenario in terms of prize pool equity, estimating how much you have before the hand and then after you successfully eliminate player 2.

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Chapter #6 – Heads-up Play, Moving From Unexploitable Play To

Exploitative Play

My advice earlier in the course was to give yourself a grounding in the SAGE heads-up system. This will teach you how to play unexploitably, ensuring that your play can not be manipulated, meaning you will win your share of games according to the relative size of your chip stack to that of your opponent.

Now you have the basics understood (and hopefully memorized!) we can move on to some improvements.

Here is the basic logic: In order to take advantage of your opponent, you need to diverge from the ‘safe’ unexploitable play – and adjust to take advantage of their weaknesses. By moving away from the play suggested by SAGE you will be opening your own play to being exploited by a savvy opponent. Fortunately, the opponents you meet in lower level SNGs will be nowhere near good enough to take advantage… think of it this way, if they were this good they would have moved away from lower level SNGs by now!

Let us look at some simple examples, if an opponent is ultra-tight and you stick to pushing all in only with the ‘safe’ SAGE-determined ranges then you are probably giving them too many free ‘walks’ in the blinds. In order to take advantage of them you need to be raising with a wider range. This might make your play exploitable, since your wide range could be called profitably more often. However, unless you raise every single time the timid player will likely remain timid – giving you an extra edge and thus more profit over time.

Exercise: What deviation from SAGE would you make to best exploit a player whose tendency was to call too many bets, but not bet out or raise without a strong hand?

I am sure that using some of the logic we already discussed in this course you can work out how to adjust to players who call too often and those who are likely to do different things with their strong hands and weak hands.

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Chapter #7 – Special: How To Exploit Regulars!

You will undoubtedly come across the same players again and again while earning your $16 per hour at the SNG tables. This chapter contains a few additional thoughts on how to take advantage of their strategy – which of course is similar to yours.

Well, firstly you need to know whether they have a solid strategy or are actually just breakeven or weak players who like to play a lot of games. A tool such as Pro Poker Labs ‘Tournament Shark’ will give you this information in a special chart which attaches to your table. I recommend this for players who are serious about making a long-term profit.

Once you come across a winning regular, many of the ways to win some chips from them are the reverse of the strategies you will be employing yourself. During the early stages you know their range of hands will be tight, so unless you have a great implied odds situation the best thing you can do is stay out of their way. If the situation is reversed and a regular calls your raise then you should continuation bet most of the time, if called it is easy to shut down completely in the hand – though you will win the pot immediately more often than against a weaker more ‘cally’ opponent.

Mid stage strategy is different, a good regular will be raising light when folded to in a steal position, and will have a very tight range of hands when there is action ahead. This gives you potential for re-steal opportunities. I recommend that you do not over do this move. Once you are ‘marked’ as a regular re-stealer your opponent will raise your blind tighter and call you wider, nullifying your advantage.

During the middle stages you can often steal blinds from regular players with smaller bets than usual. Again, they will be forming an opinion of your play at the same time as you are theirs – so as long as you do not do the same thing every time you should be able to win those vital mid-stage pots.

We spoke about calling and shoving ranges at the bubble many times throughout this course. By now the mantra of ‘regulars will call tighter and shove lighter’ should be ingrained into your brains! If you do not take the time to learn what you can profitably call with against wider ranges using your ICM calculator and making the adjustments at the table you will be leaving some money on the tables!

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Chapter #8 – Special: Isolation Plays, A Look At Ranges For Regs And Fish

Another special situation which is worth thinking about and can win you some chips! Often you will find situation after a big hand where there is a micro-stack (or just a reasonably short one) at the table. These stacks tend to shove their remaining few blinds into the pot with a very wide range. As an aside I recommend discipline if this happens to you, try and fight back, as it only takes a couple of successful comebacks over a month to make a nice difference to your overall profits – the old poker saying of ‘A Chip And A Chair’ has personally worked out for me many times in the past!

Anyway, what you will find is that people try and ‘isolate’ these small stack all-ins, either by raising or flat calling. Here is a difference at the lower levels which I noted with the hands used to do this:

- A Good Player: A good player will often flat call with their very strong hands (aces, kings etc) hoping that someone else wakes up with a hand and reraises behind them. The same player would raise, often all in, with their second tier hands, strong aces and mid-pairs – recognizing that these hands do well against the ‘next hand shove’ of the short stack, but do not really want anyone else involved in the pot.

- An Inexperienced Player: In the same situation will tend to do exactly the opposite. They will flat call with their mid-strength hands, and raise (often a small amount) with their premium hands.

Seeing this pattern should give you some ideas about how to adjust your own play to exploit this, especially the weaker ranges of the inexperienced players. You might be able to get heads-up with the all in player with a reasonable hand and huge odds of 2.5-to-1 or more including the blinds – I’ll take those kind of odds all day long!

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Chapter #9 – SNG Specific Room Reviews And Finding The Softest Games

Throughout this course I have been repeating the mantra ‘Avoid Winners, Find Soft Games!’ I figured that a great addition to the Blueprint would be a chapter giving some summaries from my unique ‘SNG Focused Room Reviews’ over at SNG Planet. These will allow you to get a good idea of what you can expect at the different rooms, without the usual ‘hype’ that you get at poker information sites!

These mini-reviews are in the order I would suggest aspiring $16 per hour players to check them out. I will include links and would genuinely appreciate you using my links and codes for any sites you decide to join as an appreciation for the time and effort getting this course together! The following summarize both the pros and cons of some of the best poker sites around.

#1 Top Choice – Titan Poker

Titan Poker was the site I recommended from the start of the course – there is a lot to recommend about this site for beginners, and as part of the iPoker Network, Titan is part of the 4th largest online poker site around.

The Key ‘Pro” is the fact that you will find a lot of recreational players having fun there – these are long-term losers who are treating poker as entertainment and do not have much hope of winning long term. Sure, you get a few regulars in the cash games – however I’m writing in the summer of 2011 and the SNGs are still the best around.

For ‘cons’, well the software is not the best around (though of course you can argue that this allows you to focus on the players better!). Lack of synchronized breaks in the multi-table tournaments is a bit of a gripe too!!

On balance the fish + great promos / bonuses make this a clear top choice for players who are building up a SNG bankroll. My special bonus is 200% match to your first deposit (max. $1000) + $20 in free cash (deposit of $25+ required for the cash), use bonus code SNGPLANET to claim this.

Ctrl + Click Here Now To See The Soft Titan Poker SNGs For Yourself!!

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#2 – Need More Lower Buy-In SNGs – The Awesome Red Kings Poker!

Red Kings make a great choice for players who would like to add a few more games to their sessions, yet are not ready for the high-value + high-volume world of the pro SNG grinder quite yet. As part of the OnGame Network, Red Kings offer serious volume – mainly at the $11 and below with the $22’s picking up in the evenings and weekends.

Again the main draw is recreational players. I’m not knocking them by the way – there are millions worldwide who enjoy the occasional game without having aspirations to be the next ‘Phil’, and that is often a healthy life / poker balance!

What we can do is enjoy the softer games, regular promos and focus on recreational player specials that Red Kings give us... Remember the choice of bonus code SNG250, SNG500 and SNG1000 – for welcome bonuses between $250 and $1000!

Ctrl + Click To Check Out The Awesome Red Kings Poker Now!!

#3 – If You Need More Volume, Or Higher Buy-Ins – Head To Full Tilt

Full Tilt used to be very US-focused, with too many grinders to make them the best choice. Since the US crackdown their games have become surprisingly soft, and the volume of games available has held up pretty well too. I’m now happy to recommend this site to those readers ready to move up to the $26’s+ or seeking a high volume of tables for the lower buy-ins.

I can also recommend the 90 Player knockout SNGs at Full Tilt – And in fact have a special bonus edition of the $16 blueprint which will follow this one focusing on exactly those games. Strengths for Full Tilt include excellent software and a huge game selection, cons include the need to keep an eye on the ‘grinder levels’.

Full Tilt also offer some great innovations, including the addictive ‘Rush Poker’, ‘Cashout’ tournaments and plenty of satellite qualifiers too. Claim your 100% welcome bonus with bonus code SNG600 when you Ctrl + Click to Check Out Full Tilt Poker Now!

That is enough recommendations for the moment… you can view more reviews over at SNG Planet!

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Chapter #10 – Psychology, Downswings, Subtle Tilt And How To Cope

This is actually the chapter I wish I had the opportunity to read many years ago when I first started playing online poker. Poker psychology can mean many things to different people, here I will focus on: Depersonalizing situations and the subtle forms of Tilt which can easily destroy the bankroll of even the most level headed individuals. We will also cover the horror which is a prolonged downswing, and briefly cover some strategies to deal with it.

When that same guy in the 3 seat re-raises your open for the 3rd time it can be a natural reaction to jam all-in with that mid-strength hand to show that you ‘can not be pushed around’. When he calls with a premium and busts you then you ‘got unlucky’ and ‘will get him back next time’, right?

I have felt this same frustration, you will surely feel it at some point along the way – it takes people with the patience of a saint to not react when things like this occur. Yet you have to learn to do it to become a successful player over time. The same goes for someone criticizing you in the chat box, the same goes for someone who flat calls every time you raise and so on.

Start by turning off the chat, the (slim) benefit you will get from identifying fish is not worth the distraction of bad-tempered fish moaning that the poker sites are rigged against them. Turn off any avatars on the screen too, you are playing a numbers game after all. Next, when you get re-raised a lot or flatted once too often, save the hand history and review it later. Instead of worrying about asserting your authority, try to work out the types and ranges of hands which your opponent is doing this with – and figure a way to beat them. If the math says fold then fold, emotions like anger and frustration are very destructive in poker, you must learn to ignore them.

Frustration And Tilt

Of course, the most obvious expression of any frustration is ‘Tilt’ where your anger causes you to deviate from any form of ‘good strategy’ and push edges that actually do not exist instead. We covered this is part 3, here I wanted to expand a little bit and mention that the ‘big angry’ tilt is not the only form of letting emotions get the better of you.

There are two more subtle forms which I would like to mention here. Firstly, there is ‘revenge’ type tilt, in which you might overplay hands against a particular person who put a bad beat on you to ‘get even’. Calling with medium hands hoping to hit monsters and running bluffs which make no mathematical sense has no place in SNG strategy, save them for your home games! Finally there is

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a ‘despondent tilt’ in which players feel so strongly they will lose that their play becomes passive and weak, leading (you guessed it) to them losing more hands – thus forming a vicious circle. While this course is not the place to discuss individual cures, simply being aware of each of these emotional responses can really help to maintain your bankroll those times you feel them coming on!

Finally for this chapter, downswings. The thing about poker is that these happen to the very best players in the world, they come at any time and they can go on for a frustratingly long time too. Even if your strategy is excellent, with -$ev moves only at the bubble and a solid early game approach, the variable deal of the cards can hit you hard – and will at some point in your career.

Once again, awareness of the fact winning players can hit downswings is a great start. If this happens to you I would advise stepping up your efforts to check your hand histories, particularly big decisions at the bubble. If you find a leak or two that is great – though the main objective here is simply to assure yourself that you are making the right decisions. Finally, do not be afraid to move back down the levels if your bankroll takes a dent. There is no shame attached to working back up from a lower level, in fact the majority of today’s pros have been broke at some point in their careers!

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Chapter #11 – The Big Wrap Up And Next Steps!

Time to wrap it all up, bring together the pieces, and then leave you to get on with the all important bankroll building. Let me summarize the key points from each section to refresh your memory:

Part #1: The Blueprint:

Here I introduced how we were going to reach the goal of making $16+ per hour by playing several tables, focusing on getting to the bubble with enough chips to make opponents fold and understanding the concept of prize pool equity in a general form.

Mistakes made by opponents at different stages of the game were detailed, including counter strategies. One of the key concepts of profitable SNG Play – putting your opponents on ranges of hands – was introduced in part #1.

Part #2: Becoming A Bubble Ninja

Better understanding bubble play and prize pool equity modeling via the Independent Chip Model was the goal of this part of the course. I put this one early to ensure that you were able to understand and implement the adjustments required while only playing 2 or 3 tables. The idea being that by the time we added more tables the basics of ICM would be starting to become second nature.

As well as going into detail on how your opponent’s style of play might affect their bubble hand ranges, this section included several examples to start you off. I also strongly recommended you use the tool SNG Wiz to analyze your own bubble play and create a virtuous circle of improvements.

Part #3: Turn Up The Volume

Once you have a solid strategy and insight into how to profit from the bubble the next step is to add a few more tables. While the amount you win per game goes (slightly!) down, the extra volume of games makes you significantly more money per hour. My advice here covered the

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practicalities of multi-tabling and some strategy adjustments designed to keep your decisions post-flop as simple as possible.

Part #4: SNG Profits Booster

This part of the course contains tips and moves which incrementally add to your profits. I saved this until last for good reasons – too many players learn the ‘moves’ without having a solid grasp of the fundamentals. Once you can articulate where your profits are coming from – both in general terms and in how you plan to extract chips from individual players – you are in a much stronger position to use the tips and strategies outlined here for bigger profits.

Next Steps: Moving On From The $16 Per Hour Blueprint!

During this last week of the course I recommend moving to 8-tables. Handling this many games, especially for the first time, means that it will be difficult to implement all of the strategy tips and insights covered at once. Choose one from the early game, mid game and bubble portions of the above tips per session instead, and make thinking about these tips in the context of the games you are playing the priority. You will be surprised how quickly many of them will become part of your every day routine.

You will also need to move up levels this week, to ensure your average buy-in gives you the opportunity to reach our $16 / hour goal. If you choose some of the more recreational sites then the $20+$2 games should be even softer – so do not ignore the importance of searching for sites where your profits are biggest. Depending on your starting bankroll , spending one extra week in the smaller buy-in SNGs might be valuable. This could allow you to build a bankroll cushion for a more confident move up later.

Key to your long term profits is the willingness to spend some time improving your own game and keeping your bubble play sharp. SNG Wiz is excellent for those bubble situations, though is only useful if you use it. Rather than ‘guess’ at the bubble and have ‘good’ results, the best players keep fine-tuning and end up with excellent results.

Finally, make sure you come back to SNG Planet often – I have built up the largest collection of quality strategy articles for SNGs, Satellites and Tournaments anywhere online – and will continue to add more.

Your feedback is always appreciated, and is acted on more often than you would think. GL at the tables, Mark