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Tobacco
Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the USA
Smoking causes more ill health than any other single behavior or combination of behaviors
Smoking Facts
TeensLook matureBe like their friendsExperiment
AdultsStress & pressureControl their weight (7 pounds less
then non-smokers)
Why People Smoke
Made from dried tobacco leaves, as well as ingredients added for flavor and other reasons
Chemicals, chemicals chemicals 60 chemicals known to cause cancer
(carcinogens).Nicotine
The predominant psychoactive drug present
The addictive agent in tobacco
•Tobacco use is psychological and physical dependence on nicotine
Must keep a continuous amount in the blood and going to the brain
If that amount falls below a certain level, they experience withdrawal symptoms
What’s In Tobacco
Made up of several hundred different chemicals
Just some chemicals in tobacco smoke:Benzene (found in gasoline)Butane( used in lighter fluid)Ammonia (used in household
cleaners)Toluene (found in paint thinners)Cadmium (used in making
batteries)Hydrogen cyanide (used in
making chemical weapons)TarCarbon monoxide
Chemicals In Tobacco Smoke
Heart disease and strokeCoronary heart disease (2-4
x’s more likely)Doubles risk of strokeReduces circulation by
narrowing the blood vesselsIncrease risk of cancer
23 times more likely to develop lung cancer then a person who doesn’t smoke
Cancer of the lip, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, pancreas, larynx (voice box), uterine cervix, urinary bladder, and kidney
Health Effects For Smokers
Affects skinsmokers have paler skin and
more wrinkles. This is because smoking reduces the blood supply
• Stains teeth and gumsChronic obstructive pulmonary
disease conditions that block airflow and
make breathing more difficultExamples: emphysema, chronic
bronchitis
Health Effects For Smokers
• Breathing in smoke that comes from burning tobacco
Two different types of secondhand smokeSidestream smoke – the smoke that comes
from the end of a lighted cigarette, pipe, or cigar
Mainstream smoke- the smoke that is exhaled by a smoker
Secondhand Smoke
Exposure to second hand smoke increase their heart disease risk by 25-30%
Lung cancer risk by 20-30%Increase chances of heart attacks
Health Effects For Secondhand Smoke
Tobacco that isn’t smokedTwo types of smokeless tobacco
chewing tobaccosnuff
Smokeless Tobacco
CancerCancer of the oral cavity
Oral healthLeukoplakia- precancerous lesion of the soft
tissue in the mouth that consists of a white patch or plaque that cannot be scraped
Recession of gums, gum disease, and tooth decay
• Reproductive Reduce sperm count and abnormal sperm cells
Health Effects For Smokeless Tobacco
Causes health problems for both mothers and babies, such as:Pregnancy complicationsPremature birthLow-birth-weight infantsStillbirthSudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Smoking During Pregnancy
Alcohol
CuriosityTo feel good, reduce stress, and relaxTo fit inTo feel older
Why Do Teens Drink?
Yes, it is a drug. It’s a depressant
central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)Ethyl alcohol is the psychoactive ingredient
present in alcoholic drinksGrains, fruits, or vegetables
What is alcohol?
BeerWineLiquor
Types Of Alcohol
Absorbed by the stomach, enters the bloodstream and goes to all the tissues
Blood alcohol content (BAC)Percentage of alcohol in the bloodFor instance, a BAC of 0.10 means that 0.10%
(one tenth of one percent) of a person's blood, by volume, is alcohol.
How Is Alcohol Absorbed
Binge drinking For women, 4 or more drinks during a single
occasion. For men, 5 or more drinks during a single
occasion. Heavy drinking
For women, more than 1 drink per day on average.
For men, more than 2 drinks per day on average
Definitions Of Patterns Of Drinking Alcohol
Person's sizeWeightAgeSexAmount of food consumed
Factors Influencing Alcohol Effects
DepressantSlows function of central nervous system
• Alters a persons perceptions, emotions, movement, vision, and hearing
• Feel more relaxed or less anxious
How Does Alcohol Affect The Body
• Low doses of alcohol Impairs judgment Impairs coordination
High doses of alcohol Dizziness Talkativeness Slurred speech Disturbed sleep Nausea Vomiting Hangovers
Headache, nausea, thirst, dizziness, fatigue
How Does Alcohol Affect The Body
High Doses of alcoholDecreased heart rateSlower respirationLoss of taste and smellInability to feel painShort-attention spanMemory problemsSexual dysfunction (loss of sensation,
temporary impotence)Vision problems (light sensitivity, color
impairment, blurred vision)
How Does Alcohol Affect The Body
Unintentional injuries, including traffic injuries, falls, drownings, burns, and unintentional firearm injuries.
Risky sexual behaviors, including unprotected sex, sex with multiple partners, and increased risk of sexual assault. These behaviors can result in unintended pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases.
Alcohol poisoning
Immediate Health Risks
The body has become poisoned by large amounts of alcohol
Symptoms of alcohol poisoning:Violent vomitingExtreme sleepinessUnconsciousnessDifficulty breathingSeizures
• May lead to death, call for help
Alcohol Poisoning
Liver disease Cirrhosis- slowly deteriorates; scar
tissue replaces regular tissue blocking partially blocking the blood through the liver
Alcoholic hepatitis- inflammation of the liver
Heart diseaseCancer
Mouth, throat, esophagus, liver, colon, and breast
Pancreatitis Neurological problems
Dementia Stroke
Long-Term Health Risks
Alcoholism- physical addiction to alcohol and continues to drink, despite problems with physical health, mental health, and social, family, or job responsibilities. Alcohol may control your life and relationships
Alcohol abuse- drinking leads to problems, but not physical addiction
Alcoholism vs. Alcohol Abuse
Mild To Moderate Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms
Mild to moderate symptomsswift changes in emotions
from high to low nausea difficulty sleeping including
insomnia rapid or increased heart rate cold or clammy skin change in eyes or pupils
(enlarged or dilated) excitability irritability vomiting
movements out of the ordinary
nervousness depression hand tremors pulsating headaches lack of focus and the
inability to think straight fatigue anxiety pale skin twitchy eyes nightmares.
Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms
excessive irritability extreme anxiety increased depression visual hallucinations fever severe autonomic
nervous system over-activity
blackouts convulsions muscle tremors more extreme
changes in emotions and mood swings
seizures difficulty in thinking
clearly is increased
Almost 80% of high school students have tried alcohol79,000 deaths attributable to excessive alcohol use each
year in the United StatesIn the single year 2005, there were more than 1.6
million hospitalizations3 and more than 4 million emergency room visits4 for alcohol-related conditions.
In 2009, 10,839 people were killed in alcohol-impaired driving crashes, accounting for nearly one-third (32%) of all traffic-related deaths in the United States
Of the 181 child passengers ages 14 and younger who died in alcohol-impaired driving crashes in 2009, about half (92) were riding in the vehicle with the with the alcohol-impaired driver
Alcohol Facts
Prior to any drinking, designate a non-drinking driver when with a group.
Don’t let your friends drive impaired. Take their keys away.
If you have been drinking, get a ride home or call a taxi.
If you’re hosting a party where alcohol will be served, remind your guests to plan ahead and designate their sober driver; offer alcohol-free beverages; and make sure all guests leave with a sober driver.
What Safety Steps Can Individuals Take?