Smoking and its effects on the

respiratory system

^Title of today’s cornell notes^

**Write (or summarize) what is underlined:

Today’s Topics• Cigarette Facts• Effects of Smoking Cigs on Resp.

System– How it affects our components– Cancers/Emphysema

• Effects of Smoking Marijuana on Resp. System

• Videos

Reminders about today’s lecture• If you want to ask a question or

comment, raise your hand• Be respectful of others• This is a long lecture so stay

focused so we can finish on time!

Did you know?• More than 1,000 people in the U.S.

die each day from smoking-related illness

• Smoking kills more people each year than AIDS, fires, car accidents, murders, suicides, alcohol and other drugs combined.

Cigarette Facts • There are over 4,000 chemicals in

cigarettes• Nicotine is what makes them addictive.• Each cigarette smoked shortens the

users lifespan by 11 minutes.• About half of cigarette smokers die of

tobacco-related disease and lose on average 14 years of life.

What is in tobacco and cigarettes?Lots of toxic chemicals!

• Carbon Monoxide-auto exhaust, gas chambers

• Carbon Dioxide • Carbonyl Sulfide • Benzene (1) Toluene-industrial

solvent, in explosives• Formaldehyde (2)- body tissue

preserver • Acrolein-aquatic herbicide=burned

glycerol • Acetone-poisonous solvent, nail

polish remover • Pyridine-poisonous solvent• Methylpyridine-insecticide solvent• Vinylpyridine • Hyrogen Cyanide-rat poison, gas

chambers • Hydrazine-rocket fuel chemical

• Ammonia-poisonous, cleaning agent for toilets and floors

• Methylamine-tanning agent • Dimethylamine-tanning accelerator • Nitrogen Oxides• Nitrosodimethylamine• Nitrosodiethylamine• Nitrosopyrrolidine• Formic Acid-caustic solvent• Acetic Acid-caustic solvent • Methyl Chloride-poisonous refrigerant• Butadiene Particulate Matter-animal

carcinogen • Nicotine-insecticide, cockroach killer• Anatabine Phenol-toilet bowl disinfectant

• Catechol-tanning, dyeing agent • Hydroquinone-photographic

developing agent • Aniline-industrial solvent• Toluidine-agent in dye manufacture • Napthalamine-mothballs • Aminobiphenyl • Benz(a)anthracene • Benzo(a)pyrene • Cholesterol • Butyrolactone • Quinoline-specimen preservative• Harman • Nitrosonornicotine • NNH • Nitrodiethanolamine • Nickel • Zinc-anti-corrosion coating for

metals • Aluminum-metal • Titanium-metal • Copper-metal • Mercury-metal

• Silicon-metal • Silver-metal • Gold-metal • Polonium-210-radioactive element• Benzoic Acid-tobacco curing agent• Lactic Acid-caustic solvent• Glycolic Acid-metal cleaning agent• Succinic Acid-agent in Lacquer

manufacture• PCDDs and PCDFs –dioxins,

dibenzofurans Hexamine-barbecue lighter

• Stearic Acid-candle wax • Cadmium-rechargeable batteries• Arsenic-poison • Butane-cigarette lighter fluid• Propylene Glycol-antifreeze

Why do people smoke and chew?

• Advertisements make it look attractive• Peer pressure• Some people think it helps with weight

control• Some people think it helps reduce stress• Their parents do it• Rebellion

Economic Effect of Smoking• If a pack of cigarettes is about

$9/pack…• If you smoke 1 pack a day:

– That’s $9 x 7 days/week = $63 a week

– That’s $63 x 52 weeks/year = $3,276 a year!

Short term effects of smoking:

• Wrinkled skin• Less taste• Stained fingers• Decreased sense of smell• More colds• Yellow teeth• Stinky clothes

Effects of smoking on the respiratory

system• Smoking is directly linked to – Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD)– Emphysema– Cancers (lung, larynx (voicebox) mouth,

and pancreatic)

• Furthermore, the earlier and the higher level of tar content in the tobacco filled cigarettes causes the greater risk of these diseases.

• Beware: – THE FOLLOWING PICTURES MAY BE

DISTURBING– DON’T LOOK IF YOU WILL GET

QUEASY!

http://www.smokingstinks-aaco.org/horrors.html

How it damages our respiratory system components:• Cilia – cigarette smoke paralyzes them so

they can’t clean out your lungs. This causes harmful particles in cigarette smoke to sit in your lungs and form tar.

• Also effects our Bronchioles & Alveoli – Emphysema causes the small airways to collapse during forced exhalation, as alveolar collapsibility has decreased. People with this disease don't get enough oxygen and cannot get rid of the carbon dioxide, so they always have a shortage of breath. As a result, airflow is impeded and air becomes trapped in the lungs, in the same way as other obstructive lung diseases.

Lung Cancer• Very deadly because it’s hard to diagnose

early• There are over 19 known chemical

carcinogens in cigarette smoke.• Lung cancer is the most common cause of

cancer-related death (1.3 million deaths worldwide annually, as of 2004.)

• Almost 90% of lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking.

• Symptoms are shortness of breath, coughing (including coughing up blood), and weight loss.

• Non-smokers can also get lung cancer from secondhand smoke.

Emphysema• disease of the lung tissue caused by

destruction of bronchioles• Causes the small airways to collapse

during forced exhalation, as alveolar collapsibility has decreased.

• Symptoms include shortness of breath on exertion, and an expanded chest.

• Most of the people who have emphysema are smokers.

• Damage caused by emphysema is permanent even after the person stops smoking.

Smoking while pregnant• Can cause miscarriages • Contributes to a number of other threats to the health

of the fetus • premature birth• low birth weight• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).• mental and physical disabilities.

• Secondhand smoke is also bad for the baby

How smoking damages our other systems:• Cardiovascular –• Clogged arteries• Hypertension (high blood pressure)• Heart disease (heart attacks, coronary

artery disease)• Decreased oxygen to blood and rest of

body

• Immune – • Nicotine acts as an immunosuppressant

(this is why smokers can get sick easier than nonsmokers)

Effects of smoking marijuana on the respiratory system• Marijuana smoke and cigarette smoke contain many of the

same toxins, including one which has been identified as a key factor in the promotion of lung cancer.

• This toxin is found in the tar phase of both, and it should be noted that one joint has four times more tar than a cigarette.

• Moore et. Al (2005) - Marijuana users have similar rates of respiratory symptoms as tobacco cigarette users even though they were 10 years younger.• Chronic bronchitis, COPD & cancer• Most heavy marijuana smokers were also cigarette

smokers (77%)• Those that smoked both had a higher incidence of

respiratory symptoms than just tobacco users

Video