Smoking among juveniles: A study

8/9/2019 Smoking among juveniles: A study

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Adolescence (from Latin meaning "to grow up") a transitional stage of physical and

psychological human development that generally occurs during the period from

puberty to legal adulthood. The period of adolescence is most closely associated with

the teenage years, though its physical, psychological and cultural expressions may

begin earlier and end late.

mo!ing among adolescent is an issue that affects countries worldwide. mo!ing and

smo!eless tobacco use are initiated and established primarily during adolescence.

early # out of $% smo!ers in the &nited tates started smo!ing by age $', and ##

started by age *. +n %$ , *. of middle school and -.- of high school students

currently used tobacco products, including cigarettes, cigars, hoo!ahs, snus,

smo!eless tobacco, pipes, bidis, !ete!s, dissolvable tobacco, and electronic cigarettes.

early % of the world s smo!ers live in low/ and middle/income countries. early

two/thirds of the world s smo!ers live in $% countries, namely 0hina, +ndia,

+ndonesia, 1ussian 2ederation, the & A, 3apan, 4ra5il, 4angladesh, 6ermany and

Tur!ey.$ &nless a large number of current smo!ers in these countries 7uit, it is

estimated that smo!ing would be causing $% million deaths per year worldwide by the

% %s or early %-%s.

The tobacco use among the youth, in both smo!ing and smo!eless forms, is 7uite high

in the outh 8ast Asian region including epal. 9ne of the reasons for such high use

could be the creative and targeted mar!eting strategies of various tobacco companies

and its wea! regulation. Abundant tobacco production, wea! enforcement of tobacco

control measures, easy accessibility and affordability of these products are other

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factors leading to the rise of the epidemic of tobacco use in the youth.- Although the

exact burden of tobacco use among the youth has not been studied extensively in

epal, a national 6lobal :outh Tobacco urvey (6:T ) in %% reported that overall

.# of the students ever smo!ed cigarettes and ' used other tobacco products.;

ome of the factors !nown to be associated with tobacco use among adolescents are

age, gender, having smo!er friends or parents and the amount of poc!et money.

The $# years age group. +t has

also estimated that % of premature deaths among adults are due to behavioral

patterns that emerge in adolescence including smo!ing, violence and sexual behavior.

tudies have shown that such ris!/ta!ing behaviors begin to manifest from the middle

adolescence ($;>$? years of age) onwards. The present study therefore, focused on

the specific groups of middle ($;>$? years) and late adolescents ($*>$# years).

The 6overnment of epal had signed the 2ramewor! 0onvention on Tobacco 0ontrol

on - @ecember %%- followed by its ratification by the =ouse of 1epresentatives on

ovember %%*. +n what was regarded as a landmar! in the nation s campaign against

tobacco, the government finally assented to the anti/tobacco directives of Tobacco

roduct 0ontrol and 1egulatory Act %$% on ; ovember %$$. This has reflected a

strong will from the side of the government to comply by obBectives set out in the

convention. A need was felt to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use among the

epalese youth who are the most vulnerable for adoption of this habit in the

bac!ground of recent endorsement of anti/tobacco directives by the government.

Stat !t c!The ational urvey on @rug &se and =ealth estimates that each day, over ;,%%%

people under the age of $' try their first cigarette. This amounts to more than - ,%%%

new smo!ers each year. 0hildren and adolescents consume more than one million

cigarettes every year.


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A"ternat #e to$acco %roduct!&

C gar!

2or decades cigar consumption among adolescents remained relatively

constantC however, since the $##%s cigar use has surged in adolescent

populations. This increase in consumption coincided with an increase

in cigar mar!eting.

Snu!

nus use among adolescent groups has worried many leading public

health officialsC snus may aid youth in cessation of smo!ing or in harm

reduction, but it can also be used in conBunction with cigarettes and

thus increase ris! for disease. nus is smo!eless tobacco product that

was first distributed in weden decades ago. nus is a flavored and

moist tobacco contained in small teabag/li!e pouches sold in tin

containers of about $?. The pac!et is placed under the upper lip for

approximately -% minutes and delivers nicotine directly into the

bloodstream.

Or$!

9ne of the newest tobacco products currently being tested on the

mar!et is 9rbs. 9rbs are dissolvabele tobacco pellets with mint and

cinnamon flavoring, closely resembling breath mints.

Stage! of ado"e!cent !'ok ng&

There are a series of stages that young smo!ers go through, each of which is

influenced by different factors. The stages can progress in any direction and restart

any number of times.

Pre(conte'%"at on&

The child, while not yet considering smo!ing, has received messages

about it. At this stage, the child is powerfully influenced by family

members that smo!e, advertising, films, television, and role models

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09 @

-. 0ancer

Acute myeloid leu!emia 4ladder cancer

0ancer of the cervix

0ancer of the larynx (voice box)

Lung cancer

0ancer of the oral cavity (mouth)

ancreatic cancer

0ancer of the esophagus

Fidney cancer

0ancer of the pharynx (throat)

tomach cancer

Other Hea"th Effect!

$. +nfertility. reterm delivery

-. tillbirth

;. Low birth weight

?. udden infant death syndrome ( +@ )

1.- Rat ona"e of the !tudy&

mo!ing is a global problem nowadays. mo!ing usually starts from adolescent.mo!ing not only affects the individual but also hisGherr social life. According to

economist Fenneth


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in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars.

-. Con!e5uence of !'ok ng E it is a situation that poses a level of threat to life,

health, property or environment.

1.6 Study 7ar a$"e&

1.6.1 Inde%endent 7ar a$"e&

$. Age

. ex

-. 8ducation level

;. 8thnicity

?. 1eligion

*. 8xposure to media

1.6.- De%endent 7ar a$"e&

$. Awareness regarding conse7uences about smo!ing.


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1.8 Conce%tua" 9ra'e:ork&

A conceptual framewor! will be developed to illustrate the !ey concepts of the study.8ach of these concepts will identify and place in the context of adolescent awareness

and conse7uences regarding smo!ing

'

Fnowledge regardingconse7uences of smo!ing

90+9/@8D961A =+0

IA1+A4L8Age

ex 8thnicity

1eligion

8ducational Level 8xposure to media

F 9


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9 g.1 Conce%tua" 9ra'e:ork $a!ed on kno:"edge of con!e5uence! of !'ok ng

CHAPTER II

;ITERATURE RE7IE

Documents

Smoking among juveniles: A study