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Table of Contents READING EDGE SMART 1UNIT READING TIP SPEED READING
1. Multicultural Evening -8 1. Melting Pot or Salad Bowl?
2. Online Profile -10 2. Internet Begging
1. Teens’ Life 3. The Advice Column -12 3. Sisters and Rivals Identifying Subjects
(7~21) 4. Teens’ Future Jobs -14 4. Gone with Technology & Verbs -20
5. Fighting the Five-finger 5. (longer passage)
Discount -16
1. Blood Type Theory -24 1. Essence of Life
2. Artificial Limbs -26 2. Another Style of Olympics2. Science & Technology
3. The Leafy Sea Dragon -28 3. Mimic a Lizard Kinds of Verbs -36
(23~37) 4. Ergonomic Chairs -30 4. Stand up!
5. Space Kimchi -32 5. (longer passage)
1. Fireworks -40 1. Dance to Chase
Away Evil Spirits
2. Namdaemun -42 2. Angkor Wat
3. History & Culture 3. Mosuo: The Last 3. The Land ofRelative Clauses -52
(39~53) Matriarchal Society -44 Female Warriors
4. Afternoon Tea -46 4. Tea Party on a Ship?
5. Unbelievable Ancient 5. (longer passage)
Surgeons -48
1. Prom Party -56 1. J-U-M-P!
2. The Batik Style of 2. What Colors Can
Cloth Dyeing -58 Say About You
4. Art & Festival 3. Edgar Degas’ 3. The Art of CapturingParticiples -68
(55~69) Paintings -60 the Moment
4. In Memory of 4. Left Behind
Rostropovich -62
5. Sapporo Snow Festival -64 5. (longer passage)
1. The Origin of 1. X-tremely Dangerous?
Bungee Jumping -72
5. Mythology & Origin 2. Bite the Bullet -74 2. Other Phrases of Military Origin Transition Words -84(71~85) 3. The Crystal Skull -76 3. OOPArt(Out-of-place artifact)
4. Plastic Surgery -78 4. The History of Cosmetics
5. Psyche and Her Love -80 5. (longer passage)
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4
Every student knows studying English requires a lot of patience. Even
worse, some English books are difficult and boring. Fortunately, there is
a way you can change your perspective on learning English. Now you
can develop your reading skills in an enjoyable way.
The Reading EDGE Smart series will help you to improve your reading
skills. You can learn how to read with a purpose.
Each level of this series comes with one text book, one guide book and
one audio component. Each book is organized into 5 units consisting of
vocabulary and related questions. One of the key features of this series isthat it integrates many skills: reading, vocabulary building, listening and
writing.
This series also deals with a variety of unique and interesting topics,
and the readings are graded to the appropriate length and depth
depending on the English proficiency level of the student.
After reading, students will be challenged to guess the meaning of words
used in the passage, summarize the passage, and solve various types of
questions.
Students can listen to the entire script by MP3 or use the attached CD.
Students will broaden their English ability from reading to listening,
speaking and writing. This integrated approach will enable students to
dramatically improve their English.
4
READING EDGE SMART 1~2 READING EDGE SMART 3~4 READING EDGE SMART 5~6
Unit Topic based Korean SAT test based In-depth reading skill based
Speed Reading Impact Reading Power Reading
Reading skill Essential skills Essential skills for preparing Essential skills
for reading for the Korean SAT test for In-depth reading
We’re Reading EDGE Smart Features
Introduction
We’re READING EDGE SMAR T
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Reading Passages
The Reading EDGE Smart series covers a wide variety of topics ranging from teen life to
social issues. This series also covers academic and contemporary topics, which will
motivate students to study English. The real life topics will provide students with
knowledge and an enjoyable reading experience. In addition, passages related to social
issues will give them more insight into everyday life and help foster logical thinking skills.
This series has longer passages, consisting of over 300 words, which will help students
get used to reading longer passages clearly and confidently.
Words
Students are encouraged to read the definitions in English,
which provides them greater exposure to English vocabulary.
After reading the def init ions in Engli sh, they are asked to
translate them into Korean. This process will motivate students
to think in English first, then guess the matching Korean word.
Question Types
After reading each passage, students are advised to answer
questions related to the passage. These questions are meant to
help students promote their English comprehension skills. In
addition, they are designed for students who are preparing for
various types of tests including school tests, college entranceexams and internationally recognized tests such as TOEFL. The
question styles used in the Reading EDGE Smart series include
multiple choice, fill in the blank and summary completion. The
activities in the Reading EDGE Smart will ensure greater
reading fluency and exam success. Completing the summary
will contribute to improving students’ writing skills by enhancing
their ability to think in English.
Reading Skills Section
The Reading EDGE Smart Series takes three different approaches to developing and
improving reading skills: Speed Reading, Impact Reading, and Power Reading. These
sections will help students grasp the essential skills required to improve their reading ability.
Guide Book
The Reading EDGE Smart Guide Book consists of Korean translations, idiomatic
expressions, structure review, grammar tips and answer keys.
Tips
This section provides additional
information related to the passages in
order to encourage further thought on
the topics.
Review
This section gives students a chance
to practice words and idiomatic
expressions learned in each unit using
various approaches.
Structure Vol.1
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Growing up is learning how to deal with difficulties and the benefits are great.
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1Unit
Reading 1 Multicultural Evening
Reading 2 Online Profile
Reading 3 The Advice Column
Reading 4 Teens’ Future JobsReading 5 Fighting the Five-finger Discount
Teens’ Life
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1
R E A D I N G
EDGE
8
multicultural: involving people or ideas from different cultures
opportunity: a situation in which you can do something
racism: unfair treatment of people because they belong to a different race
stereotype: an idea of what a particular type of person is like
positive: being good or useful
problematic: difficult to deal with
Join us for a Multicultural Evening
When: Saturday, June 5, from 7 p.m. - 9:30 p.m.Where: Unity High School, Burnaby
The Multicultural Society of Unity High School
(a) will be hosting a dinner party to encourage
multiculturalism within our community. This
event will give all who (b) attend an opportunity
to get to know more about different cultures.
There will be a variety of food from all over theworld. If you’re curious to know what hummus,
kimchi, churros, or pakoras (c) taste like, don’t
miss this event! There will be a number of events
during the evening, including traditional dances.
Even more importantly, this evening provides an
opportunity to get to know various cultures and make some good friends.
In addition, learning more about different cultures (d) help fight ignorance, racism and
stereotypes. (e) By celebrating different cultures, we can view cultural differences as
positive rather than problematic. For more information about this or other
Multicultural Society events, please visit our website: multiculturaleventalert.com.
Note: If you would like to lend a helping hand, please call the President of the Multicultural
Society, Nora Blumefield at 555-1338. Please let her know which committee you
would like to join: entertainment, catering or decorating.
Words Read the following and translate them into Korean.
Read the following and answer the questions.
Photo by Amanda
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U NI T
1
Teens’ Life
1. Who is this advertisement for?
Students who are members of the Food Society
Students who are interested in diverse cultures
Students who want to participate in the dance contest
Students who are leaving the community soon
Students who are in favor of racism and stereotypes
2. Which is NOT grammatically correct? Choose one from (a) to (e).
3. Write T if the statement is true. Write F if it is false.
This event is for students who want to attend the Unity High
School.
The Multicultural Society is looking for some volunteers.
This event shows that different cultures can co-exist harmoniously.
T I P Melting Pot or Salad Bowl?
‘Melting pot’ is a term used to describe a multicultural society. In a melting pot,
ingredients are combined to make a great soup. America is known as a melting pot
society because of the way various races and cultures tend to blend together. The
‘salad bowl’ concept is similar, but each ingredient (in this case, race or culture)
maintains its own identity, so races and cultures are mixed but not merged.
F
T
T
(d) (help fight helps fight)
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R E A D I N G
EDGE
10
complex: detailed, not simple
upload: to transfer data from your computer to a server or host computer
addictive: habit-forming
access: permission to look at information
detail: a small part of a larger structure
fraudulent: dishonest or deceitful
repost: to post or send a message or image again
Have you heard of Cyworld, Myspace or Facebook? These sites all allow people
(a) to create an online profile. Today most teens are making online profiles aboutthemselves. They create online profiles for many reasons: friendship, dating and
networking. You can make your page as simple or as complex as you like. So how
can teenagers who want to create (b) an online profile gets started?
The first step is to decide which site is best for you. Once you have chosen your site,
you can begin to add a little information about yourself. You can even upload photos
and games. But be careful. (c) Maintaining a webpage can be more work than you
think. It can even be addictive! People need to take care not to spend an
unreasonable amount of time or money (d) while creating their page.
Also, when creating an online profile, you
have to keep in mind that anyone can
access the Internet. It’s important to be
safe, so don’t reveal too many details
about your identity or post public photos.
Strangers can use your personal details or
photos for fraudulent purposes. They can
even repost your pictures on other
websites! So make sure (e) your profile is
set to private, not public.
Words Read the following and translate them into Korean.
Read the following and answer the questions.
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U NI T
1
Teens’ Life
T I P
1. What is this passage mainly about?
The increasing popularity of online profiles
How to make personal webpages safer
Reasons why people create their own webpage
How to make and maintain an online profile
What kind of information people share on the web
2. Which is NOT grammatically correct? Choose one from (a) to (e).
3. What should computer users remember when creating an online
profile? Write the appropriate expressions in the blanks.
They should try not to give detailed information about their
freely or post photos.
Internet Begging
In 2002, Karyn Bosnak, a young woman who was in credit card debt started
www.SaveKaryn.com and asked help from internet users. Up until 2000, she made
a fairly good income and enjoyed shopping in New York. However, once she lost
her job, her debt grew to $20,000. Luckily for her, her site gained great popularity
and she was eventually able to pay off her debt.
publicidentity
(b) (gets started get started)
Speed Reading
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R E A D I N G
EDGE
12
promote: to give someone a better position
traumatic: emotionally upsetting
trend: most recent popular style
current: present time, most recent, now
fashion-conscious: keeping up with current fashion trends
distress: physical or mental suffering
transition: period of change
confidence: belief in oneself
Words Read the following and translate them into Korean.
Read the following and answer the questions.
Dear Annie,
Last weekend my parents told me that we will be moving to New York next
month. My Dad got promoted, but in order to accept the position, we have to
relocate. This is completely (a) out of the blue and I’m terrified! I just started
high school, which was traumatic enough, even though I already knew
everyone. I don’t want to have to go through the same experience again with
strangers! Don’t get me wrong. I’m really happy for my Dad. I know that the
move will be a good opportunity for our family. But... I’m from a really small
town in Ohio and I don’t keep up with current fashion trends or reality TV. I
don’t even know what music is cool. How will I ever adjust to such a huge,
fashion-conscious city? Please give me some tips to help me fit in!
Nervous in North Star
Dear Nervous,
Moving is a big change at any time, so your distress is understandable. Luckily,
there are a few things you can do to make the transition easier. First of all, see if
any of your Dad’s co-workers have kids your age. You can contact them and
become pen pals until your move. That way, when you arrive, you’ll already
have some new friends. Also, why not do some Internet research to find out
more about New York? That way, you’ll know a little more about your new city
as well as what the cool trends are there. But don’t feel like you have to change
who you are completely. The most important thing is to (b) ,
and keep your head up even if you feel shy or out of place. Confidence is very
important and will attract friends like a magnet. Be sure to write back and let
me know how it goes!
Annie
be yourself
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U NI T
1
Teens’ Life
T I P Sisters and Rivals
‘Dear Abby’ is an internationally known personal advice column. Its columnist,
Pauline Esther Friedman Philips, wrote the column from 1956 to 2002. The title,
‘Dear Abby,’ came from her pen name Abigail Van Buren. Interestingly, she had an
identical twin sister, who also wrote a world-famous personal advice column
under the name 'Ann Landers.'
1. Which is the most appropriate for the blank (b)?
join extracurricular clubs
get a helping hand
keep up with the recent trends
be yourself
keep in touch with me
2. Which can replace the expression for the underlined part (a)? ridiculous
unfair
absurd
sudden
outrageous
3. Which can NOT be inferred from the passage?
Annie encourages the girl to be self-confident.
The girl has difficulty getting along with her classmates.
The girl is asking for some advice on adjusting to a new setting.
Annie advises the girl to get information on New York beforehand.
The girl worries she might be behind in recent trends in New York.
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R E A D I N G
EDGE
14
What kind of jobs do Korean teenagers want to have and why? A recent survey
asked Korean teenagers about their top 5 career choices and the reasons for these
choices as shown in these graphs.
The most popular career was being a teacher, followed by doctor or lawyer,
computer programmer, business person and artist. (a) The criteria teenagers
considered most important for their future job were that it be ‘Stable and less
stressful.’ (b) ‘Specialized and professional’ and ‘Free and creative’ were the
second and third most important factors. These results clearly show teenagers’
preference for . (c) They seem to value jobs with private
satisfaction more than jobs with a better salary or a good reputation. Considering the
high unemployment rate nowadays, the survey results make a lot of sense.
(d) Teenagers also find entertainment quite an appealing path, which
(reflect) the strong influence the media has on teenagers. (e) Interestingly, professions
such as doctor or lawyer (be) not the top choice.
What kind of jobs do teens want to have?
teacher doctor/ lawyer
computerprogrammer
businessperson
Free and
creative27%
Stable andless-stressful
45%
Specialized andprofessional
28%
artist
What makes teens choose a job?
criteria: standards to help us decide something
stable: firm, secure
value: to think that something is important
unemployment: the state of being out of work
appealing: attractive
profession: a job that one has
Words Read the following and translate them into Korean.
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Read the following and answer the questions.
stable and secure jobs
reflects
are
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U NI T
1
Teens’ Life
1. Which is NOT true according to the graphs?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2. Which is the most appropriate expression for the blank ? stable and secure jobs
well-paying jobs
more free time
good reputation
professionals’ recommendation
3. What are the appropriate verb forms for blanks and ?
T I P Gone with Technology
Sometimes technology creates new jobs, but other times it has the opposite effect.
Typist is one job that no longer exists as a result of technology. Up until the 1980’s,
typewriters were used in many offices. Unlike computers, one could not correct
typographical errors in the typing process. This made using a typewriter difficult, so
professional typists were hired. Now, computers make writing a document so
simple that anyone can do it, eliminating the need for professional typists.
reflects are
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R E A D I N G
EDGE
16
Recently local store owners and
entrepreneurs in Park Royal Mall haveformed a group of their own to fight teen
shoplifting. Theft has been an increasing
problem in the mall. The largest group of
offenders ranges from ages 11 - 17. Store
owners are not satisfied with the
traditional “slap on the wrist” punishments
teens usually receive for shoplifting. They
find it is not enough of a deterrent and
there are too many re-offenders.
Last week store owners met to come up with a better method of protection from
(a) five-finger discount seekers. They decided on a few different strategies. One idea
involves training store staff to spot shoplifting. In order to make staff more vigilant,
the mall will employ (b) “secret shoplifters.” These people will look like regular
teenagers, but will be paid to steal from unsuspecting stores. This way employees
can recognize and catch (c) shoplifters before it’s too late.
Merchants also decided to have a zero-tolerance policy for teens caught shoplifting.
The mall will keep an updated record of teens caught stealing in the mall. This list
will have names and photos of past (d) offenders. This way staff can recognize these
(e) sticky-fingered teens and ban them from the store. Shopkeepers hope that this
will help reduce shoplifting and keep the shelves stocked with products for those
willing to pay for them.
a person who starts their own business:
a person who has committed a crime:
something meant to discourage certain behavior:
a plan:
watching carefully:
to give someone a job:
the degree to which someone can put up with something:
a supply of goods intended for sale to customers:
Words Read the following definitions and find the words in the passage.
entrepreneur
offender
deterrent
strategy
employ
tolerance
stock
vigilant
Read the following and answer the questions.
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U NI T
1
Teens’ Life
1. Which is the most appropriate for each blank?
an increase in teen shoplifting, shop owners came up with a
punishment for shoplifters.
A B
Due to harsh
Despite various
Owing to traditional
In spite of secret
Due to traditional
2. Which does NOT refer to the same thing? Choose one from (a) to (e).
3. Complete the summary by filling in the blanks with the given
expressions.
Store owners have had a hard time thinking of new ways to
theft. Store owners and hope increased
will discourage teens from . These new methods make it
much more difficult for teens to with shoplifting.
A
B
(b)
vigilance stealing get away employees prevent
prevent
vigilanceemployees
stealing
get away
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U NI T
1 .T eens’ L i f e
R E V I E W
A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions.
positive stable entrepreneur vigilant multicultural
1. The night guards stayed to catch the intruders.
2. If you maintain a attitude, it’s easier to accomplish your goals.
3. The building was renovated so that it would be in an earthquake.
4. Bill Gates is a successful in the computer business.
5. New York is a city, as its citizens are from many different
places around the world.
B. Connect each expression in column A with the matching expression in column B.
A B
1. trend period of change
2. access most popular style
3. transition prohibit
4. ban permission to look at information
C. Complete the following with the appropriate expressions. Use the given words.
1. A spaceship is supposed to be well food for its astronauts. (stock)
2. Don’t get nervous. Just . (be)
3. If you want to enjoy a food, why don’t you go to the buffet? (variety)
4. As long as you work hard on your project, you can have
in your accomplishments. (confident)
vigilant
positive
stable
stocked with
be yourself
confidence
variety of
multicultural
entrepreneur
18
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R E A D I N G
EDGE
D. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions. Use the given words.
1. An is a person who has committed a crime. (offend)
2. Can nuclear weapons be an effective against war? (deter)
3. Injured soldiers needed the highly treatment of surgeons. (specialize)
4. What are the for deciding who gets a scholarship? (criterion)
5. will continue to rise as long as major companies decide not to
offer jobs to college graduates. (employ)
E. Choose the best word to complete each sentence.
1. In a multicultural society, it is important to be of different
customs and cultures.
accessible confident tolerant satisfied
2. Teenagers often stay up playing computer games because they are highly
.
addictive pricey rewarding dangerous
3. It’s important to have a good marketing for your business.
challenge solution lesson strategy
4. Her daughter’s illness caused her extreme .
importance disappointment distress experience
offender
deterrent
specialized
Unemployment
criteria
19
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U NI T
1 .T eens’ L i f e
S P E E D R E A D I N G The first step to understand the sentence correctly is to identify the subject and the
verb. In all sentences, there must be agreement between the subject and the verb.
Be aware of the following:
- if the subject is modified
- if the sentence begins with an adverbial clause or phrase
- if the sentence includes several dependent clauses
- if the gerund or to-infinitive is used as a subject
Read the following and identify the subject and the verb in each sentence.
When the subject is modified:
Those (who wil l travel to Africa) must check what vaccinations are required.
S modifier V
Several districts (in the Metropolitan area) were required to be rebuilt.
S modifier V
When an adverb clause or phrase is located before the main clause:
(Loathed by homeowners and restaurateurs), the cockroach is gaining some
adverb phrase S V
respect in the agricultural community.
When a gerund or to-infinitive is used as the subject :
Applying for visas takes a lot of time.
S V
Identifying Subjects and Verbs
20
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R E A D I N G
EDGE
Mini Test
Read the following. Choose the appropriate verb form.
1. The assistant secretary of the company, who is the top negotiator on current issues,
( is, are ) going to fly to Germany next Friday.
2. Two Spanish men who spent more than 25 years on death row in India for alleged
spying ( was released, were released ) last week.
3. Barack Obama said that a photograph of the cliffs on the South Shore of Oahu where
his mother’s ashes ( were, was ) scattered ( was, were ) what he valued most.
4. I think it’s a good decision to talk with your parents. Talking about a problem with
others ( means, mean ) you’re ready to solve it.
5. The camera James bought at the store that deals with second-hand electronic
goods ( is, are ) still in good condition.
6. Adjusting the mirrors in your vehicle as well as your seat position ( is, are )
necessary before you drive.
21
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The most incomprehensible thing about science is that it is comprehensible.
- Albert Einstein
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Reading 1 Blood Type Theory
Reading 2 Artificial Limbs
Reading 3 The Leafy Sea Dragon
Reading 4 Ergonomic ChairsReading 5 Space Kimchi
Science & Technology
2Unit
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1 Read the following and answer the questions.R E A D I N G
EDGE
24
You may have heard talk about blood
type and how it affects our personalityand relationships. But can our blood type
really define who we are, how we act,
and our relationships with others?
Generally, type A is thought to be
sensible, creative and naive, while type B
is considered outgoing, friendly, and
selfish. Type AB is considered to be rational, level-headed, and indecisive. On the
other hand, type O is associated with being sociable, optimistic, and careless.
But is there any scientific proof? Studies were conducted on the concept of blood
type traits in the late 1920’s. However, these studies were mainly politically
motivated and held little scientific backing. They were often used as ‘proof’ of
racial superiority of certain groups by various countries, including Japan and
Germany. The Japanese tried to use the theory to breed better soldiers, but the
experiment was a failure.
Then, why is the theory still so popular? Just like astrology, the blood type
personality theory is interesting and fun, but also vague and misleading. If you
really want to find out about someone’s personality, the best way is to get to know
them by talking to them, rather than relying on superstition.
sensible: reasonable, not emotional
level-headed: calm and sensible in all situations
indecisive: having difficulty making a decision
trait: a characteristic someone or something has
motivated: being determined to do something
astrology: the study of the movements of the heavenly bodies and their influence on people’s lives
misleading: giving a wrong idea or impression
Words Read the following definitions and translate them into Korean.
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Science & Technology
U NI T
2
T I P Essence of Life
In many cultures, blood is considered the essence of life. Since losing too much
blood causes death, this is a natural assumption. In the past, some thought they
could even revive dying people or become immortal by drinking blood. The legend
of vampires was born from this belief.
1. What is the writer’s attitude towards the theory of blood type
and personality?
interesting and reliable
scientific but unrealistic
fun but not trustworthy
popular and reasonable
misleading but trustworthy
2. What does the writer suggest doing to find out more about
someone?
The writer suggests .
3. Write T if the statement is true. Write F if it is false.
A type O person is thought to get along with others well.
The blood type theory was once used for political purposes.
The Japanese successfully bred better soldiers using the blood type
theory. F
T
T
talking to someone (them)
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R E A D I N G
EDGE
26
artificial: created by humans, not nature
sophisticated: advanced and complex
breakthrough: innovation, an important achievement
pressure: a force produced by something
impact: the force created by contact
adjustable: able to be altered to create a good fit
notice: to observe or see something
Can you believe that someone with an artificial leg can run 100 m in less than 17
seconds? This is no longer a dream. Thanks to research and scientificadvancements, artificial limbs, also called prosthetics, have become very
sophisticated. In the past, someone missing a leg would be confined to a wheelchair
for life, but not any more!
Artificial limbs used to be heavy and clunky, but times have changed. Prosthetics
now use space-age materials such as carbon fiber. Carbon fiber is what makes
prosthetics extremely strong and light. Prosthetic legs have had major
breakthroughs, such as the hydraulic knee. The hydraulic knee uses liquid to create
pressure to help the knee operate realistically. This knee absorbs impact and is
adjustable to give greater control to athletes. Prosthetic arms are equally advanced.
Some arms are so superior that they even have the sense of touch.
The technological advancements in
prosthetics give those living with
missing limbs comfort, independence,
and hope. Wearers no longer have to rely
on others for their daily needs. Plus, the
realistic look and performance of
artificial limbs mean the wearer no
longer sticks out in a crowd. You may be
standing beside someone with an
artificial limb at the bus stop and not
even notice!
Words Read the following definitions and translate them into Korean.
Read the following and answer the questions.
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Science & Technology
U NI T
2
T I P
1. Which is the most appropriate expression for each blank?
Prosthetics have given the more freedom and
.
A B
disabled realistic looking limbs
athletes better performance
athletes realistic looking limbs
disabled feelings
wearers confinement
2. What are the positive qualities of carbon fiber?
It is not only .
3. Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Paragraph 1 Artificial legs are less noticeable than
in the past.
Paragraph 2 Space-age technology has made prosthetics
more advanced.
Paragraph 3 People are achieving new goals with their
artificial limbs.
Another Style of Olympics
The Paralympic Games are a sporting event for athletes with disabilities. This
event takes place every four years, in the same year as the Olympic Games.
Athletes fr om six di ff erent disabi li ty groups compete in the Para lympics,
emphasizing what these athletes can achieve, rather than their disabilities.
light (strong) but also strong (light)
A
B
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What would you do if you had the ability to blend in with your surroundings? Would
you use this power for good, or for evil? Every day, sea creatures use this abilitysimply to survive. Take the leafy sea dragon for example. This unusual creature is
found in Australia. It has leafy attachments all over its body which make it (a) look /
looks just like a piece of seaweed. It is able to completely blend in with the
surrounding marine life. Camouflage is essential to sea dragons since they are slow
swimmers. Many would-be predators overlook the leafy sea dragon, believing it is
just another piece of unappetizing seaweed.
Interestingly, camouflage is not the leafy sea dragons’ only unique quality. When it
comes to reproduction, sea dragons switch traditional roles. It is the male, not the
female, who becomes pregnant. The female deposits her eggs onto the male’s tail,
where he will carry them for four to six weeks. When they are born, the baby sea
dragons will be replicas of their parents, but much smaller, of course!
Recently, Australia has (b) passed / been
passed laws to protect the leafy sea dragon.
Unfortunately, the sea dragon is still sought
after by collectors because they believe it has
medicinal qualities. Therefore, its ability to
look similar to its surroundings is the sea
dragons’ best survival strategy. If you have
time, why not search the web for an image of
a leafy sea dragon? Could you tell it from a
piece of seaweed if you hadn’t read this
article?
would-be: potential
predator: an animal that survives by eating other animals
unappetizing: not delicious
reproduction: the act of having babies
deposit: to place something somewhere to keep it safe
medicinal: having qualities that help people stay healthy
Words Read the following definitions and translate them into Korean.
Read the following and answer the questions.
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Science & Technology
U NI T
2
T I P Mimic a Lizard
Camouflage is not only used by animals and insects to conceal themselves from
enemies. Humans use it for the same purpose. Camouflage has become standard
in most modern military uniforms. To blend into the surroundings, the colors used
in camouflage are usually green, brown, khaki, and/or sand. The pattern and
colors used in camouflage differ depending on the surroundings.
1. Which is the best headline for this article?
How Can This Vulnerable Sea Creature Survive?
The Uncovered Medicinal Qualities of Sea Dragons
Camouflage: the Only Unique Quality of Sea Dragons
How Can We Protect This Endangered Marine Species?
Lessons We Should Learn from This Smart Sea Animal
2. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined part?Find the word in the passage.
3. Which are the appropriate forms of underlined parts (a) and
(b)? Choose the correct one.
(a) (b)
camouflage
look passed
Speed Reading
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When you imagine a comfortable chair, what does
it look like? Big and cozy with a backrest,armrests and lots of soft pillows? This may seem
like the most comfortable chair at first. But when
it comes to chairs, the level of comfort depends on
the activity you’re performing while sitting down.
A big, soft, pillow-adorned chair is ideal for
reading books. However, it’s not the best chair for
office workers.
In fact, a popular chair among office workers
looks very uncomfortable at first glance. It’s partof the ergonomic family of chairs. What does
ergonomic mean? It’s a word that refers to furniture that provides excellent support
for your body. With no backrest, this chair has a basic seat and a resting pad for your
knees. This unique design is meant (a) (relieve) back pain by
taking pressure off the back. It encourages the sitter to place most of their weight on
their knees instead. It also makes it easier to keep your back straight while sitting.
When choosing an ergonomic chair, there are many things to consider. You need to
choose the best chair for your body, so keep your height and weight in mind. The
seat should be made of a slightly padded material, as a softer surface is easier to siton for extended periods of time. People generally like leather or vinyl because it is
easy to clean, but these materials can often heat up causing discomfort. Many people
choose mesh or another breathable material instead. Lastly, make sure the chair fits
in your workspace. Although larger chairs seem more inviting, they are not always
the most practical choice.
So if you are someone who spends a lot of time in front of a desk writing, reading,
or computing, why not consider (b) (purchase) an ergonomic
chair? If you want to try before you buy, just stop by your local office supplier. Or,
for a better price, you can find some great deals online!
armrest: sides of a chair where you can place your arms
adorned: embellished, decorated
relieve: to remove an unpleasant feeling
leather: material that is made of animal hide
breathable: allowing air to flow through easily
practical: useful, suited to its purpose
Words Read the following and translate them into Korean.
to relieve
purchasing
Read the following and answer the questions.
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2
1. What is the passage mainly about?
How to purchase cheaper furniture
For whom ergonomic chairs are designed
How to choose a suitable chair for office workers
Various furniture designs and the effects on our health
Why we should avoid big and soft chairs
2. According to the passage, what is NOT suggested when buyingan office chair?
Try an ergonomic chair.
Look for a chair with an excellent support for your body.
Choose a big, soft chair.
Consider what activity you will use the chair for.
Check out the great deals online.
3. What are the appropriate verb forms for blanks (a) and (b)?
(a) (b)
T I P Stand Up!
Many people spend much of their day sitting at their desks. Let’s say you spend 8
hours per day sitting in your office or at school. After that you spend more time
watching TV or web surfing. Sitting for too long can have many negative effects on
your body, including a stiff neck or back pain. To stay healthy while sitting,
remember to maintain a healthy posture. And don’t forget to move around as
much as possible when you have the chance!
to relieve purchasing
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Imagine a picture of an astronaut eating vanilla ice-
cream, fried rice or even kimchi. New varieties of food items, such as instant noodles and kimchi, are
slowly making their way into space. It is good news
for astronauts, since they’ll no longer have to miss
spicy food during their mission. Finally, after years
of research, South Korean scientists and food
companies created the first Korean recipes fit for
space travel. These new culinary additions
accompanied Korea’s first astronaut into space in
Spring, 2008.
Kimchi, Korea’s most popular side dish, was not a good candidate for space travel at
first. This is due to the high level of bacteria it contains. This friendly bacteria has
many health benefits here on Earth, but could become disastrous in space. Scientists
fear that the bacteria could mutate, causing illness to astronauts or damage to the
spacecraft. If the kimchi began to ferment out of control while in space, it could
explode out of its package. These kinds of risks cannot be taken. Therefore, all space
food, including kimchi, must be sterilized to deactivate the bacteria. Scientists are
now using radiation to kill bacteria, making it safer for space travel.
You may be wondering if this new variation has the same taste and health benefits
that traditional kimchi is known for. The answer is: Yes! Despite the radiation, space
kimchi retains almost all of the flavor of regular kimchi. It is still high in fiber as
well, which will help promote healthy digestion among astronauts. In addition, the
odor of the new kimchi has been dramatically reduced, making it more suited to an
enclosed space. Thanks to these new breakthroughs, eating kimchi in space will no
longer be a figment of the imagination!
something having to do with food or cooking:
someone or something trying to accomplish a goal:
to change into a different thing:
to change chemically:
to cause something to become inactive:
closed on all sides:
something that is made up or imaginary:
Words Read the following definitions and find the words in the passage.
culinary
candidate
mutate
ferment
enclosed
figment
deactivate
Read the following and answer the questions.
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2
1. Which is NOT mentioned as a feature of space kimchi?
Preserved nutritional value
Health benefits to astronauts
The same odor as regular kimchi
The same flavor as regular kimchi
Deactivated bacteria which can’t reproduce
2. What could happen if the bacteria in kimchi mutated in space?
It could cause to astronauts or .
3. Complete the summary by filling in the blanks with the given
expressions.
After years of research, kimchi has been approved for space travel. In addition
to its many , kimchi is a staple in any
Korean’s diet. Now, Korean astronauts will be a little less homesick
a new method of producing and packaging
kimchi for space travel. Space kimchi is treated with
to stop the and it’s just as healthy and tasty
as .
thanks to fermentation process regular kimchi
health benefits radiation
illness damage to the spaceship
thanks to
radiation
fermentation process
regular kimchi
health benefits
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U NI T
2 .S ci ence&
T ech nol ogy
R E V I E W
A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions.
affect candidate impact relieve predator
1. One effective way to stress is to exercise regularly.
2. Unfortunately, problems at home were beginning to his studies.
3. She was surprised to be chosen as a in the upcoming election.
4. It is unclear what kind of long-term this will have on the economy.
5. A porcupine will thrust its sharp spines into an attacking .
B. Connect each expression in column A with the matching expression in column B.
A B
1. look similar to remember
2. keep in mind put oneself in danger
3. take a risk be difficult to pick out
4. blend in with resemble
C. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions.
1. I turned the boiler on, so the room should heat soon. (= get warm)
2. He’s not such a bad person once you get to him. (= become close with)
3. My height usually makes me stick wherever I am. (= noticeable)
4. Those who sought the treasure never found it. (= searched for)
5. Many foreign words have made their into our language. (= entered)
relieve
affect
candidate
up
know
out
way
after
impact
predator
34
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D. Complete each sentence, using the words from the box. Change the form,
if necessary.
activate appetizing decisive breakthrough superior
1. Mike is . He even has a hard time choosing what to eat for lunch.
2. The company has shown in bio-engineering.
3. They say it’s a famous local dish, but to me it looks very .
4. The men arrived at the scene and worked quickly to the bomb.
5. They made a significant in the Asian market.
E. Choose the best word to complete each sentence.
1. Dave was so that no one could rival him.
sensitive naive level-headed relieved
2. The engineer explained that the pump uses water pressure.
bionic prosthetic hydraulic ergonomic
3. The river carries nutrients and them in mudflats near the sea.
deposits reproduces camouflages destroys
4. Give the grape juice time to , and you'll have a nice bottle of wine.
explode mutate ferment melt
5. The fifth leg provides extra for the heavy marble surface.
workspace comfort pressure support
indecisive
superiority
unappetizing
deactivate
breakthrough
35
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U NI T
2 .S ci ence&
T ech nol ogy
S P E E D R E A D I N G A verb tells you what the subject of the sentence is, has, does, or feels.
Brian is a doctor.
He treats the patients.
He loves his job because he can help people.
Kinds of Verb
An intransitive verb does not need a direct object to complete the action.
He swims.
S V
A linking verb is used with a complement that explains the subject of the sentence.
He is generous with his patients. (He = generous)
S V C
A transitive verb requires a direct object to complete its meaning in the sentence.
He helps people.
S V O
Verbs followed by certain types of objects
- verbs followed by gerunds: enjoy, keep, finish, quit, avoid, give up, mind, etc.
- verbs followed by to-infinitives: decide, promise, hope, learn, plan, want, need, etc.
- verbs followed by both gerunds and to-infinitives: like, love, hate, start, begin
- verbs followed by either gerunds or to-infinitives (in each case, the meaning of the
sentence is different.): remember, forget, try, stop, etc.
Kinds of Verbs
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Mini Test
Which one best fits the blank?
1. I thought I was going too fast across the track. At that point I realized I needed to
get off the bike. I remembered both wheels with the brakes.
lock locking to lock
2. When you finish looking around there, don’t forget your photos online!
As you know, I love photos of animals. If you send me photos of the polar bears,
I would appreciate it very much!
post posting to post
3. On my way to the airport, I stopped “good-bye” to my friends. Since
my departure was quite sudden, they were surprised and gave me big hugs.
say saying to say
4. You can e-mail us using your own language, but remember your name
clearly using English letters and show your student number.
write writing to write
5. City council decided to stop and allocating bottled water in city-owned
buildings, hoping it would promote the use of water drinking fountains.
purchase purchasing to purchase
37
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Only the unreasonable man persists in trying to adapt the world to himself.
Therefore, all progress depends on the unreasonable man.- George Bernard Shaw
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Reading 1 Fireworks
Reading 2 Namdaemun
Reading 3 Mosuo, the Last Matriarchal Society
Reading 4 Afternoon TeaReading 5 Unbelievable Ancient Surgeons
History & Culture
3Unit
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1 Read the following and answer the questions.R E A D I N G
EDGE
40
Looking up into the night sky on any
major holiday, you may be awed bybeautiful displays of light. Since their
invention in China during the Han
Dynasty, fireworks have become a
universal method of celebration. They
have come a long way since their humble
beginnings.
In their infancy, fireworks were very
basic. Early fireworks were only available in white or gold tones and limited shapes.
Gunpowder was put inside bamboo shafts and set alight, creating an impressive bang
and glow. At that time, people believed that the dramatic noise and the glow would
ward off evil spirits and enemies.
In the late 14th century, Italian explorer, Marco Polo brought fireworks technology
to Europe, it improved greatly. By the 1830’s Italians discovered that
different colors and effects could be created by adding chemicals to the gunpowder.
Thanks to their discovery, a range of colorful displays wow audiences today.
In addition to new colors and shapes, fireworks nowadays are accompanied bybeautiful music. Most major celebrations set off pyrotechnics by computer, not by
hand as in the past. Computer synchronization allows fireworks to go off in time
with the music to create an unforgettable show. Many countries have elaborate and
expensive annual fireworks displays, which fascinate both locals and tourists around
the world.
infancy: an early stage of something
tone: any color mixed with white to create a lighter version
shaft: hollow pole
alight: catching on fire
glow: a soft light
wow: to give an impressive performance
synchronization: causing things to happen at the same time and speed as each other
Words Read the following definitions and translate them into Korean.
where
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3
1. What is the writer mainly talking about in the passage?
The significance of the first fireworks
How fireworks were developed
How people enjoy festive occasions
Who first came up with the idea of fireworks
Computer technology and its effect on fireworks
2. What is the most appropriate word for the blank?
3. Write T if the statement is true. Write F if it is false.
Early fireworks were available in limited colors.
The Chinese first came up with a way to add color to fireworks.
Thanks to computer technology, people can enjoy elaborate fireworks
display.
T I P Dance to Chase Away Evil Spirits
On Chinese New Year, you can see the traditional lion dance in Chinatowns
around the world. Performers wearing lion costumes march along, mimicking a
lion`s movements. It is a kind of ceremony to exorcise evil spirits and bring luck
and fortune for the coming year. Though slightly different, this lion dance is
performed in other Asian cultures including Korea.
F
T
T
where
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arson: the crime of deliberately burning a building
spark: to cause something to start happening
civic: relating to a city or the people who live in it
guardian: a person or organization that tries to protect something
heritage: the traditional beliefs, values, customs, etc., of a family or group of people
vigilantly: carefully, attentively
designated: chosen by someone for a particular job or purpose
The recent arson of the 600-year-old gate at Namdaemun has affected Koreans of
all ages. It has also sparked the question: (a)One option is to create a group to keep a watchful eye
on Korea’s remaining cultural treasures, ensuring their protection. Other countries
have formed similar movements in the past with great success.
Since 1895, a civic group, called the National Trust, has worked to preserve and
protect the coastline, countryside and buildings of England, Wales and Northern
Ireland. It acts as a guardian of the nation, protecting the treasures and heritage of
the United Kingdom. Thanks to their diligence, it’s not surprising to find an
abundance of (b) (well-preserving, well-preserved) history as we travel across the
U.K.
Now may be the time for Koreans to turn
sorrow into positive action by forming a
similar group to vigilantly protect Korea’s
remaining heritage. With a designated form
of protection in place, Koreans can feel
secure that their heritage and treasures will
be kept alive for the enjoyment of future
generations.
Words Read the following definitions and translate them into Korean.
Read the following and answer the questions.
How can Korea protect its valuable cultural
assets from further destruction?
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3
History & Culture
1. Which is the most appropriate expression for the blank (a)?
What is the role of the National Trust?
How much will it cost to rebuild the structure?
How can the U.K. protect its treasures from arson?
How can the government influence people to form a civic group?
How can Korea protect its valuable cultural assets from further
destruction?
2. What is the grammatically correct form for (b)?
3. Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Paragraph 1 The occurrence of a tragic event
Paragraph 2 The lesson that Koreans should learn fromthis event
Paragraph 3 Efforts to preserve a national heritage by
creating a civic group
well-preserved
T I P Angkor Wat
Angkor Wat is a famous temple in Cambodia. Once the nation`s capital city and
state temple, it remains a significant world heritage site and attracts many tourists
from around the world. However, due to natural erosion, Angkor Wat is in very
poor condition. Now, various countries are participating in restoration work to
bring this site back to its former splendor.
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R E A D I N G
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44
Near the beautiful sapphire Lugu Lake in China,
there is a small and unique ethnic group calledthe Mosuo. (a) The Mosuo are one of the last
societies in the world in which a woman rules the
clan. The current estimated population of Mosuo
is around 50,000 people.
What makes this group unique is that the Mosuo
culture is described as matriarchal, (b) which a
woman is the head of the clan. Usually, they tend
to trace their lineage
. The matriarch is so important that
(c) the family may even adopt a woman from another family to take over the house,
if there is no one to inherit the family.
At about thirteen years of age, after the ceremony of initiation, girls are considered to
be full members of the clan and are given keys to their own rooms. Traditionally, a
Mosuo woman who is interested in a particular man will invite him to come after
dark and spend the night with her in her room. The man has the right to visit his love
at night in her private chamber in the house of her clan. But the next morning at dawn
he must leave. He has no right to live with her, or even to eat at her home. (d) When a
child is born, the child is raised by his or her mother in her house.
Even with all their fidelity to tradition, things are changing very quickly in the
Mosuo culture. It is not uncommon (e) to find at least one or two homes in a village
that have a satellite antenna in the courtyard. Who knows how long it will be before
Starbucks or McDonald’s appear in the village as well? Change has had a significant
impact on the Mosuo culture.
through the female side of
their family
ethnic: relating to different racial groups of people
clan: a group of people consisting of families
matriarchal: having women rule a family, clan, or tribe
lineage: the series of families from which they are directly descended
inherit: to receive some property from someone
initiation: starting of something
fidelity: loyalty to a person or a set of beliefs
Words Read the following definitions and translate them into Korean.
Read the following and answer the questions.
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History & Culture
T I P The Land of Female Warriors
According to Greek mythology, the Amazons were a society of female warriors.
They were very fierce warriors who supposedly cut off their right breasts. Can you
guess why? It was so that they could use a bow more freely and throw spears
effectively. In their culture, there was no place for men, and, if they gave birth to
male babies, they gave those babies to neighboring tribes.
1. Which topic would best follow the passage?
Where Mosuo is located
Who will inherit the family in Mosuo
What will happen to the countryside of China
How Mosuo is undergoing certain changes
Changing gender roles in Chinese society
2. Which is the most appropriate expression for the blank ? through adoption
by exchanging cultures
through the female side of their family
by keeping women as the bread winners
by preserving their own family
3. Which is NOT grammatically correct? Choose one from (a) to (e).
(b)
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Imagine you’ve just arrived at Heathrow Airport
in London this afternoon. Your body needs somerest and you’re craving something sweet. It’s a
good time to be in London. Look for London’s
sumptuous Grand Hotel, nearby. Sipping tea
while relaxing in a comfortable sofa and enjoying
the setting sun will make you feel like the Queen.
For over 150 years, afternoon tea has been part of
British tradition. How did this tradition get
started? (a) In the early 19th century, people
usually took only two meals a day. (b) Naturally,
people felt hungry waiting so long between
meals. (c) It was Anna, the 7th Duchess of Bedford, who first started having
afternoon tea. Anna, who experienced a “sinking feeling” during the late afternoon,
ordered her staff to bring her a pot of tea, bread, and cakes to appease her appetite.
(d) Of course, most Londoners couldn’t afford this luxury. (e)
London has many world famous hotels, which serve afternoon tea with mouth-
watering finger sandwiches, warm scones, and pastries on a gorgeous tray. Just pay a
visit there to feel the elegance and luxury of a bygone age. Before you go, remember
the following tips. Tea time falls between 3 and 5 o’clock, and some hotels require
bookings to be made weeks or even months in advance. Most hotels don’t require
formal attire, but some still insist on it. Make sure to check the dress code before
you leave the house. In some venues, men will not be allowed in without a tie, so
don’t even think about wearing jeans and sneakers!
sumptuous: costly, splendid
sip: to drink a little at a time
appease: to try to stop a person from being angry by giving what they want
mouth-watering: appetizing enough to make the mouth water
elegance: grace
bygone: past
Words Read the following definitions and translate them into Korean.
Read the following and answer the questions.
This became the fashion
among London’s upper class, leading to the opening of tea houses in London.
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History & Culture
1. Where does the following sentence best fit?
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
2. Which is NOT mentioned about the tradition in the passage?
Who introduced the tradition into Britain
What is normally served with tea
When afternoon tea is offered
How to dress properly for tea time
What table manners to use during tea time
3. Why did the Duchess probably experience a “sinking feeling”?
Choose your answer from the passage.
Because she
T I P Tea Party on a Ship?
Have you heard of the ‘Boston Tea Party?’ It sounds like a peaceful afternoon
gathering of ladies from Boston, but actually it was a historical act by American
colonists against England. As a protest against taxing the colonies, Americans
tossed many crates of tea into the Boston Harbor. This event led to America`s
fight for independence from England.
felt hungry
This became the fashion among London’s upper class, leading to
the opening of tea houses in London.
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48
In 1960, the discovery of an ancient
papyrus revealed that the ancient Egyptiansperformed surgery on wounds. The papyrus
shows that ancient Egyptian surgeons had a
basic understanding of human organs and
were able to reduce the chances of
infection by removing minor cysts and
tumors with the use of various herbs. It
describes how to stitch up an open wound
using an acacia thorn as a needle. Though
their methods were crude in comparison to modern medicine, ancient Egyptiansurgeons were leagues ahead of others during their time.
Since the daily lives of the ancient Egyptians involved a great deal of hard labor,
injuries were common. In the case of damage to an arm or a leg where / which could
not be repaired, the limb would be removed completely. The Egyptian doctors
performed surgery using tools such as knives, drills, saws, hooks, and forceps. They
even used a vase with burning incense as an early form of aromatherapy. The use of
hot copper medical instruments to cut out damaged tissue and to seal blood vessels
was also common practice.
Interestingly, surgeons in ancient Egypt had two jobs. They were both priests and
doctors, combining ritual with medicine. They believed that sickness was caused by
the wrath of the gods or an evil spirit entering the body. Thus, they used various
magic spells and remedies to guard against evil spirits and help cure the sick.
a disease caused by germs or bacteria:
a mass of abnormal cells that has grown in a person’s body:
being very simple and not detailed:
a substance which is burned for removing bad smell:
a religious service or other ceremonies:
anger:
something for curing people:
Words Read the following definitions and find the words in the passage.
infection
tumor
crude
incense
wrath
remedy
ritual
Read the following and answer the questions.
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History & Culture
1. Which is the best title for this passage?
The Historical Value of Papyrus in Ancient Times
Egyptian Doctors and Their Medical Practices
Surgical Techniques in Ancient Times
Egyptians’ Crude Medical Techniques
Egyptian Doctors and Their Social Status
2. Which is the most appropriate word for the underlined part?
3. Complete the summary by filling in the blanks with the given
expressions.
Thanks to their advanced techniques, ancient
Egyptian doctors can be called the of modern surgery.
Their medicines and surgical techniques were very
at the time. Although Egyptians believed that physical ailments were
the of angering the gods, this did
not stop them from finding effective ways to treat the sick.
forefathers misconception result medical sophisticated
which
forefathers
sophisticated
result misconception
medical
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3 .H i st or y & C ul t ur e
R E V I E W
A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions.
attire method initiation heritage damage
1. Here is a simple for making an apple pie.
2. It is hard to say whether our cultural should be exported or not.
3. Though the was not very difficult, the process was harder.
4. For a job interview, a T-shirt and jeans are inappropriate .
5. The purpose of this report is to describe symptoms of brain
and treatment strategies.
B. Connect each expression in column A with the matching expression in column B.
A B
1. humble racial
2. valuable worthy
3. ethnic skilled
4. experienced ceremonial
5. ritual modest
C. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions.
1. Our products are available in a range colorful designs and sizes.
2. You should wear sun-block to protect your skin the sun.
3. Technology has had a significant impact achievements in all subject areas.
4. A lot of stress can lead a serious disorder.
5. What are the advantages of development comparison to preservation?
method
heritage
damage
of
from
on
in
to
initiation
attire
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R E A D I N G
EDGE
D. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions. Use the given words.
1. The updated database can be used for purposes. (vary)
2. Jeff checked his schedule for any errands. (remain)
3. An 65% of people have internet access at home. (estimate)
4. Due to the increase in online , offline reservations are rather
rare. (book)
E. Choose the best word to complete each sentence.
1. The film was well known for its scenes and music.
respectful elaborate civil round
2. Good personality is an important when working with others.
value asset character desire
3. Simon decided to his family business.
inherit cause include function
4. The astonishing dish was good enough to critics in Paris.
research try disappoint appease
5. Jennifer never fully recovered from an ear she got last winter.
medicine interest increase infection
various
remaining
estimated
booking
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U NI T
3 .H i st or y & C ul t ur e
S P E E D R E A D I N G You can combine two or more simple sentences using relative clauses.
Relative clauses are used:
- To modify the preceding noun.
- To give additional information about the preceding noun.
Relative nouns and relative adverbs
When you talk about a person or a thing, use relative nouns: who / whose / who(m) /
which / that
- Dave is a boy who has a guitar.
When you talk about the time, use the relative adverb: when
- His father bought the guitar last month when it was on sale.
When you talk about the place, use the relative adverb: where
- His father stopped by the music shop where he bought the guitar.
Read the following. Think of the simple sentences that are combined.
When you talk about a person: who
- Mike is pointing at a girl who is wearing glasses.
Mike is pointing at a girl. She is wearing glasses.
When you talk about time: when
- I miss the time when we first met. I miss the time. We first met then.
When you talk about a place: where
- I want to go to the restaurant where we first met.
I want to go to the restaurant. We first met there.
Relative Clauses
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R E A D I N G
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Mini Test
Which linking words best fit the blanks?
1. It is estimated that people are highly stressed have four times as
many infections as those who are not under stress.
whose whom that
2. Raymond Carver, has been ranked among the best American short
story writers of the twentieth century, used simple prose, realistic dialogue, and
common characters.
who which whom
3. Communication charges for the month you cancel the service will be
covered by the discount.
when where why
4. Surely, the picture below shows a less pleasant aspect of the park
society infringes on the backwoods.
when where why
5. When you feel depressed, it is a good idea to go to a place you have
never been before.
when why where
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Life would be unbearable if we could never escape to the consolations of great art.
- by E.H. Gombrich
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Reading 1 Prom Party
Reading 2 The Batik Style of Cloth Dyeing
Reading 3 Edgar Degas’ Paintings
Reading 4 In Memory of RostropovichReading 5 Sapporo Snow Festival
Art & Festival
4Unit
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1 Read the following and answer the questions.R E A D I N G
EDGE
56
In the States, Prom is by far the largest event
in an adolescents’ life. At the end of thefinal year of high school it is common to see
graduates in tuxedos or beautiful ball gowns
and hairdos. Why is Prom such a big deal?
Not only is it the final graduation party of
high school, it also symbolizes a coming of
age that begins the road to adulthood.
As Senior Prom draws closer, the main concerns for graduates are what to wear,
who their date will be, and transportation to the big event. Since it is a formal event,
all the men wear black tie attire and the women wear beautiful gowns. Graduates
also travel in style, most (arrive) in stretch limousines. Male
graduates will often go to great lengths to ask their dates to Prom. Some even ask
the big question in skywriting, where a plane loops and swirls in the air, spelling out
“Will you be my Prom date?” in smoke in the middle of the sky. These days, it is not
uncommon for the girls to reverse the role and invite a guy to Prom.
(a) During the event there is an elaborate dinner, dancing, and the Prom King and
Queen are crowned. (b) You may wonder how the King and Queen are selected. (c)
Over their senior year, high school students participate in many school events such
as extracurricular clubs and activities. (d) Sports and cheerleading teams are popular
with junior students as well. (e) The people most likely to be crowned Prom King
and Queen are popular and very (involve) in school activities.
arriving
involved
senior: a student in their final year of high school
concern: things that one is interested in
graduate: a student who successfully completed a period of study
uncommon: unusual, special
reverse: to arrange something in the opposite of the usual order
elaborate: having detailed parts
Words Read the following definitions and translate them into Korean.
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1. Which does NOT fit in the passage? Choose one from (a) to (e).
2. What are the most appropriate expressions for blanks and?
Use the given words.
3. Write T if the statement is true. Write F if it is false.
The Senior Prom is held at the end of the final year of high school.
Some boys create elaborate plans to ask a girl to Prom.
Popularity is the only factor considered when choosing the Prom King
and Queen.
T I P J-U-M-P!
What comes to your mind when you think of cheerleading? Girls in short skirts
with pom-poms? You may be surprised to learn that not all cheerleaders are girls;
there are boys as well. Actually, cheerleading is a kind of sport combining dance,
tumbling, jumps, and stunts. There are cheerleading competitions, too!
F
T
arriving involved
(d)
Speed Reading
Art & Festival
U NI T
4
T
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variation: something that is presented in a slightly different form
renowned: having a good reputation for something
resist: to refuse to do something
intricate: having many small parts
multitude: a very large number of people or something
originality: a quality that has creativity
Have you ever wondered how detailed
drawings can be created on cloth? TheBatik style of cloth dyeing is a special
technique used to create beautiful
pictures and (a) elaborate designs on
pieces of cloth, turning them into works
of art. Batik originated over 2000 years
ago, but variations of this technique are
still used today. Batik art is particularly
popular in Java, Indonesia, (b) an area
which is renowned for it’s beautiful textiles. So how is Batik cloth art made?
First, beeswax is heated until it becomes liquid. It is then painted onto the fabric
using a tiny metal funnel attached to a small stick, similar to a fountain pen. (c) The
wax-covered areas resist dyes, sealed in the original color for the remainder of the
dyeing process. Next, the cloth is dyed; a new color and more wax is applied. The
artist will repeat this process of waxing and dyeing many times. Although the
concept is simple, (d) the designs can be as imaginative and intricate as the artist
likes. The key is to begin with the lightest colors and work up to the darkest. This
way, a multitude of colors can be used.
These days more advanced techniques are used, including stencils and
computerization. (e) These advances allow Batik cloth art to be mass produced
quickly and inexpensively. But, like all mass produced products, the new Batik
lacks a certain originality. However, those who want traditional hand-made Batik
cloth need not worry. There are still many Batik artists around the world who
continue to produce these one-of-a-kind cloth masterpieces.
2
R E A D I N G
EDGE
Words Read the following definitions and translate them into Korean.
58
Read the following and answer the questions.
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59
1. Which is NOT true according to the passage? Choose two.
Batik cloth dyeing has a long history.
Batik cloth has various styles of designs.
Limited colors are preferred in Batik art.
High technology adds more creativity to Batik cloth dyeing.
For consumers who prefer hand-made art, Batik cloth is a good choice.
2. Which is NOT grammatically correct? Choose one from (a) to (e).
3. Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Paragraph 1 The process of making Batik cloth art
Paragraph 2 What Batik cloth art is
Paragraph 3 The modernization of Batik cloth art
T I P What Colors Can Say About You
In the olden days, dyeing clothes cost a lot of money. Only rich people could afford
to wear colorful cloths. Back then, substances from nature were used to dye like
flowers, plants, clay, and even insects! In the 1850’s, synthetic dye was
discovered. It was much cheaper than natural dye and offered a variety of colors.
(c) sealed sealing
Art & Festival
U NI T
4
Speed Reading
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Sometimes, looking at an artist’s painting will tell
you more than you expect. Edgar Degas’ painting(a) (portray) ballerinas will
transport you to a ballet hall in Paris.
Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas(1834-1917) was
one of the most perceptive painters in the history
of art. As his six hundred images of ballet dancers
represent, he depicted the scenes precisely as he
saw them.
Though he was, and still, is generally classed with
the Impressionists, his unique style of paintings
made him stand out. Personally, he wanted to be regarded as a Realist.
One day, Edgar Degas met his friends and admirers and they decided to visit a cafe.
When one of his admirers tried to call a horse-drawn cab, Degas refused and said. “I
don’t like cabs. You don’t see anyone. That’s why I love to ride on the omnibus
you can look at people. We were created to look at one another, weren’t we?”
As reflected by this episode, he made every effort to capture (b)(fleet) moments of perfect movement and spontaneous gesture. It’s not surprising
that Degas’ ballet dancers and other portraits are ranked among the finest in the
entire history of art.
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R E A D I N G
EDGE
perceptive: good at noticing or realizing things
class: to put in a certain group, classify
reflect: to show an attitude that exists
capture: to represent something immaterial in permanent form
fleeting: not lasting
spontaneous: resulting from a natural feeling without any effort
rank: to assign a certain position, rate
Words Read the following definitions and translate them into Korean.
60
portraying
fleeting
Read the following and answer the questions.
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Art & Festival
T I P The Art of Capturing the Moment
Croquis drawing is a technique used to draw a live model in a very short time,
usually only a few minutes. The word ‘croquis’ comes from the French, meaning
to ‘sketch.’ The key of croquis drawing is to capture the essence of the model
without detail. Before the emergence of photography, croquis was the only
method available to capture the moment.
1. Which can NOT be inferred from the passage?
Degas depicted objects in detail.
Degas liked to catch images of moving objects.
Degas is widely recognized as an Impressionist.
Degas was very skillful in depicting human movements.
Degas’ drawings represent typical impressionist artwork.
2. Complete the following sentence.
In view of Edgar Degas’ painting techniques, he regarded himself as
a(n) rather than a(n).
3. What are the most appropriate word forms for blanks (a) and
(b)? Use the given words.
U NI T
4
Realist Impressionist
portraying fleeting
Speed Reading
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Read the following and answer the questions.4
R E A D I N G
EDGE
62
patron: someone who sponsors a certain organization
interlude: instrumental music played between the parts of a song
intermission: a period of time between two parts of an event
conductor: the director of an orchestra
legendary: well-known, famous
bestow: to give something
Words Read the following definitions and translate them into Korean.
In Memory of Rostropovich, the Greatest Cellist of Our Time
London Symphony Orchestra
Patron: HM The Queen
Tuesday, April 01, 2008
Barbican Center
Britten Four Sea Interludes from Peter Grimes , OP 33a
Schumann Cello Concerto in A minor , OP 129
Intermission: twenty minutes
Prokofiev Symphony Concerto for Cello and Orchestra , OP 125
Colin Davis conductor
Steven Isserlis cello
Mstislav Rostropovich(1927 - 2007) was a
legendary musician and human rights
activist. He was an (a) (energy)
conductor as well as a mentor and (b)
(inspire) to young gifted
cellists and composers. Born into a
famous musical family in 1927 in the
former USSR, he began studying the
piano at the age of four. When he was
eight, he switched to the cello. In 1942, he
made his cello debut, then went on to make his conducting debut in 1961. During
his lifetime he received the Stalin Prize and was named a People’s Artist of the
former USSR. In addition, many honorary degrees and over 90 major awards were
bestowed upon him by 26 different nations. He passed away in 2007.
There will be a reception in the main lobby following the performance.
energetic
inspiration
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1. For what purpose is the concert held?
To attract more patrons for the Orchestra
To lament the sudden death of a musician
To play music by award-winning composers
To honor a great cellist and his achievements
To celebrate the history of the cello repertoire
2. Which is NOT mentioned in the passage? How long the intermission will last
When Rostropovich started his career as a conductor
Who influenced Rostropovich a lot as a composer
Where the reception will be held
Who sponsors the London Symphony Orchestra
3. What are the most appropriate word forms for blanks (a) and
(b)? Use the given words.
T I P Left Behind
Stradivarius violins are well known for their quality of sound and unbelievable
price. However, only a few know that the gifted crafter, Antonio Stradivari, also
made some of the most expensive cellos in the world. Yo-Yo Ma plays one of
them, the Davidov Stradivarius cello. Once, he left this 2.5 million dollar cello in
the trunk of a New York taxi. Luckily, he kept the taxi receipt and was able to
retrieve it in time for his concert.
energetic inspiration
U NI T
4
Art & Festival
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5
R E A D I N G
EDGE
If you saw a life-sized dinosaur on the streets of Japan, would you pinch yourself? You
may not be dreaming! During the Sapporo Snow Festival, amazing snow and icesculptures transform the city into a winter wonderland. From the breathtaking snow
sculptures at Odori Park, to the magnificent ice sculptures at Susukino, the festival
attracts millions of visitors every year. Although the festival began simply, with six
students building snow sculptures at Odori Park back in 1955, the Sapporo Snow
Festival has become Japan’s largest winter event.
In years where there hasn’t been enough snow to sustain the festival, the community
gets a helping hand from the soldiers at the local Makokmanai Base. This Self-Defense
Force, who made