Smart Start8’ minutes

To complete Smart Start Questions

We will…. - Explain how Texas got its shape (western and northwestern border)- Describe how the fugitive slave act affected the lives of Texans

HOW CAN ONE CHANGE THE GOVERNMENT?Texas has a conflict with another state this conflict led to the

restructuring of its borders – Texas appealed to the US Congress to decide what should be done – a compromise fixed the border dispute.

Where dey at doe?If you’ve ever traveled to New Mexico you have probably noticed that their culture is much different than Texas’. Much of this is

due to their affinity to their Spanish history. Why was it that they held on to these roots while Texans were happy to

do away with everything Spanish or Mexican after statehood?

I will…. make a warning sign that will

be placed on the border of Texas, that explain why people

from the other side should not cross

Key Terms

AbolitionistFugitive

Abolitionist“It is my opinion as an abolitionist that all men are created equal with the same rights given to them by his or her creator. No man should be allowed to keep another man in chains. Texas is not moving in the right direction, and they have chosen to lead themselves down a terrible path. They need our help!”

Abolitionists want to abolish (get rid of):a) The freedom to have slavesb) The freedom for all men and womenc) Women’s freedomsd) Texas’ statehood

Abolitionist“It is my opinion as an abolitionists that all men are created equal with the same rights given to them by his or her creator. No man should be allowed to keep another man in chains. Texas is not moving in the right direction, and they have chosen to lead themselves down a terrible path. They need our help!”

Abolitionists want to abolish (get rid of):a) The freedom to have slavesb) The freedom for all men and womenc) Women’s freedomsd) Texas’ statehood

FugitiveRadio Announcement:The fugitive escaped police custody around 3 am this morning. No one is sure about his location but he is assumed to be armed and dangerous. If you see him do not approach, but rather alert the authorities. Police are hopeful to put him back in jail soon.

A fugitive is a person who is _________________ custody, whether it be from private slavery, a government arrest, government or non-government questioning, vigilante violence, or outraged private individuals

a) enjoyingb) inc) happily returning tod) running away from

FugitiveRadio Announcement:The fugitive escaped police custody around 3 am this morning. No one is sure about his location but he is assumed to be armed and dangerous. If you see him do not approach, but rather alert the authorities. Police are hopeful to put him back in jail soon.

A fugitive is a person who is _________________ custody, whether it be from private slavery, a government arrest, government or non-government questioning, vigilante violence, or outraged private individuals

a) enjoyingb) inc) happily returning tod) running away from

Texas, as defined by Mexico

Republic of Texas, 1846

Republic of Texas, 1846

Texas at the time of Annexation (1846-1847)

How Texas Got Its Shape – Northern and Eastern Border

• Our northern border with Most of Oklahoma was defined long ago. – 1821 treaty between Spain and the

USA defined the Red River as the northern border for Texas

• Undefined area sometimes called “Texoma”

• Was disputed in a supreme court case in 1923

• Border with Louisiana established with the LA purchase (1803)

Red River : Left OK, Right TX

CFU Review Your Knowledge

What are the 5 states that border Texas?

(One is a nation-state)

How Texas Got Its Shape – Southern Border • Our southern border was initially

established with the treaty signed by Santa Anna after the battle of San Jacinto– Treaty of Velasco– We know how this goes…

• Border is disputed for 10 years– Mexico crosses Rio Grande– Texas crosses Rio Grande

• Mexican-American War finally solidifies border with Mexico– Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo– Mexico does not want a repeat of what

happened during this war so they respect the border

Near: Texas; Far: Mexico

CFU – Turn and TalkWhy are river borders useful?

How can you tell when you’ve crossed a non-geographic border? Like our border with New Mexico?

How Texas Got Its Shape – Northwestern Border• Texas’ Northwestern border remained

somewhat undefined– Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo established Rio

Grande as the border• Rio Grande goes all the way to Colorado – does

this mean that Texas gets all of that territory?

• Texas said “yes! NM is ours!”• New Mexicans said “NO!”– Culturally New Mexicans saw themselves

very differently• They were of different ancestry and had

different practices• Much truer to the Spanish and Mexican

traditions than Texans

CFU – The past comes back to haunt Texas!

During Mirabeau Lamar’s presidency Texans made an expedition to Santa

Fe, New Mexico. What was the result of this excursion? Was it successful?

Texas Wants New Mexico!• Texans saw the land of New Mexico as their

rightful property– Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was unclear about

where the Rio Grande ended• In 1848 the balance of free states and slave states

was very important• Texas as a slave state needed to have its powers

limited, from the point of view of abolitionists• The new land added to the USA from the

Mexican-American War needed to be established as states– It was unclear how to set up the land

• Free States or Slave States?

• The compromise of 1850 gave Texas a new border and established the slave states and free states

Give me New Mexico!Anything that

touches the Rio Grande is mine!

Compromise of 1850

Newest state, Free State!Unorganized –

not free or slaveFree States

Slave StatesMany Texans were upset to see so much land lost and the creation of a new free state. The USA paid Texas

$10,000,000 for the land which allowed it to pay off its debts and get their state running normally again.

CFU – Vocab ReviewAs a consequence of the

compromise of 1850, Texas saw a big decrease in the ________

of its northern most border.

Latitude or Longitude

Why was slavery so hard for the USA to figure out?In this time period many people were quite religious and got their beliefs from the bible. However, the bible may not be the clearest guide for slavery.

Leviticus 25:44"Your male and female slaves are to come from the nations around you; from them you may buy slaves."because of possible punishment but also because of conscience."Titus 2:9"Teach slaves to be subject to their masters in everything, to try to please them, not to talk back to them"1 Peter 2:18"Slaves, submit yourselves to your masters with all respect, not only to those who are good and considerate, but also to those who are harsh."Col 3:22"Slaves, obey your earthly masters in everything; and do it, not only when their eye is on you and to win their favor, but with sincerity of heart and reverence for the Lord."Ephesians 6:5"Slaves, obey your earthly masters with respect and fear, and with sincerity of heart, just as you would obey Christ."

BUT, also some parts of the Bible seem to go against slavery…

Timothy 1:10 - …for adulterers and perverts, for slave traders and liars and perjurers--and for whatever else is contrary to the sound doctrine…Genesis 1:27 - So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them.

Slaves, obey your masters! It says to do so

in the bible!Peter 2:18!

Slave Trader Harriet Tubman (abolitionist)

All men are created equal! It says so in the

bible!Genesis 1:27!

Who can use the bible to support their beliefs about slavery?

It all depends on how you read the bible.A literal reading would cause a lot of confusion.

Texas, and the USA will have to figure out what to do with slavery without religious

guidance – there are too many contradictions.

Fugitive Slave Act• As part of the 1850 compromise that gave Texas its new

borders the USA Congress also created the Fugitive Slave Act– This was nicknamed the “Bloodhound Law” by the

abolitionists because of the dogs that were commonly used to track slaves

• Federal agents were now forced to arrest anyone that was believed to be a runaway slave (even in free states)– Fined if they didn’t arrest the slave– Given a bonus for catching slaves

• Anyone caught helping a runaway slave could be thrown in jail and fined

• Slaves were not allowed a trial– The word of the owner was enough evidence for courts– Slaves were returned to owners

• Owners usually gave harsh punishments to slaves

Reaction to Fugitive Slave Law• Abolitionists saw this as the slave states forcing their slave laws on Northern states• Many free states ignored the laws and allowed runaway slaves to pass on• Slaves didn’t know who to trust

– Underground railroad created to help slaves escape to the North (Canada was the only true safe haven now)

– Some people were proud to openly go against this law• Luther lee a pastor in New York, openly admitted to helping slaves – he wanted the states to settle

the issue

I never would obey it. I had assisted thirty slaves to escape to Canada during the last month. If the authorities wanted

anything of me, my residence was at 39 Onondaga Street. I would admit that and they could take me and lock me up in the

Penitentiary on the hill; but if they did such a foolish thing as that I had friends enough on Onondaga County to level it to the

ground before the next morning. The slaves could no longer take control over what they could never imagine.

Guided Practice Map Making

Create a new map for the USA with the appropriate labels for slave states, free states and territories.

Use your highlighter and pencil to indicate which states are free or slave.Leave the undefined territory un-shaded.

Make a key to explain the colors you chose for the map.

Independent Practice Beware Fugitive Slaves! You are now entering Texas!• You will create signs to show fugitive slaves that they are entering a slave state and warn them that there

are harsh punishments. • Your sign must:

– Indicate what border they have crossed [New Mexico Territory to USA]– Explain how the border was created (this shows why Texas has authority)– Briefly explain what will happen to fugitive slaves and to those that assist slaves

Warning! You are now leaving Louisiana and Entering Texas!This border was established by the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.

Texas is a slave state! All slaves are subject to the Fugitive Slave Act.

Any slave or anyone helping a slave will be brought to justice! Imprisonment or a heavy fine will be given!

You are here. Think wisely!

Answer Exit Ticket Questions and turn them in

Today’s Big Idea

• The Compromise of 1850 gave Texas its new border with New Mexico. Texans lost land but were given $10,000,000 that they needed to pay debts.

• The Compromise of 1850 also created the fugitive slave act which allowed slave states to enforce their laws outside of their borders. This upset the free states.