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Smart Manufacturing,Edge Computing &

Standardization

Presenter: Daniel Stock – 11.03.2021

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Smart Manufacturing drives the convergence of ICT and OTSystem landscape in manufacturing companies inhibits efficient use of new technological possibilities

ICS = Industrial Control System

Edge-Cloud Infrastructure

OT

Systems

IT

Devices

Process management Information management

IIoT IoT

ICT-SystemsICS/OT

Controllers (PLC/SPS, DCS/PLS, SCADA) & I/OIPCs & serversindustrial networks,bus systems,…

Sensors,Vision Systems,Embedded systems,(mobile) Robots,…

Smartphones, Tablets,Wearables,Cameras,…

(Office) PCs, PrinterWeb/Email ServerTCP Networks,Communications,Edge Compute Units,TPU AI accelerators,GPU-Clusters, …

DCS = Distributed Control System

ICT & OT are increasingly converging, do not fit together due to different genesis (e.g. reliability vs. flexibility)

IoT & IIoT approaches are increasingly being used

New possibilities

Better communication technology,computing power and AI tools

New challenges

Efficient use of domain knowledge while maintaining technological sovereignty

Use of the flexibility of ICT in OT

Widespread use of artificial intelligence for production optimization

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Data Governance for Industrial AI ServicesData governance is the basis for the scalable, efficient and reliable use of AI services in industrial production

Data quality - Ensure that the data is accurate, consistent, and free of "interference" that could affect the use and analysis of data-driven algorithms.

Data availability - Ensure that the data is available and easy to use for the appropriate data-driven applications.

Data usability and knowledge - Ensure that the data is structured, documented, and named, enable easy search and query, and are compatible with the data-driven tools users use.

Data Integrity and Sovereignty - Ensure that data retains its essential properties, even when stored, converted, transferred, and viewed on different platforms.

Data Security - Ensure that the data is classified according to its sensitivity and define processes to protect information and prevent data loss and leaks.

Knowledge

Quality Security

Availability

Sovereignty

DataGovernance

User

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RAMI 4.0 (DIN SPEC 91345)Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0

Functional

Information

Communication

Integration

Asset

Business

Layers

Unified virtual representation of assets? Asset Administration Shell

How do components on each level map to each other?

RAMEC (source: Fraunhofer FOKUS)

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Industrie 4.0 Asset Administration ShellAsset Administration Shell Structure & Submodels

"Digital Twin" - Virtual representation of a physical

asset

"Digital Twin" -simulation model

"Digital Twin" - CAD model

"Digital Twin" -real-time state representation

…

The Asset Administration Shell is the implementation of the „Digital Twin“ for Industrie 4.0

The Asset Administration Shell establishes cross-company interoperability.

The Asset Administration Shell is available for non-intelligent and intelligent products.

The Asset Administration Shell covers the complete life cycle of products, devices, machines and facilities.

The Asset Administration Shell enables integrated value chains.

The Asset Administration Shell is the digital basis for autonomous systems and AI.

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Integration of AI in Smart ManufacturingAI technology needs smart infrastructure and vice versa

Secure runtimeenvironment

Standardizedcommunicationinterfaces

(AI) services

Self-description /(e.g. Asset Admin. Shell) Host System

Machine/ Device / IT component

AAS AAS

MachinesCompute /

StorageNetwork /

Comm.

AAS

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Infrastructure for Smart Manufacturing applicationsConverged ICT and OT layers allow flexible deployment and delivery of smart services

Deploymentbased on specific requirements of data driven

technologies, available resources and physical capability of machines / CPS

to enable self-x.

Edge-Cloud-Layer

Cloud-Layer Communication-Layer

OT-Layer

Cloud-Servers for scalable

servicesCollaborating Robots with

mission critical

services:

e.g. trajectory planning &

safety

5G Base Stationfor RT services:

RT

Edge server for time-sensitive ML services

Edge Server for collaborative

services

Example Scenario: Collaborating mobile robots which exchange environmental data for autonomous navigation

Serv

ice-

Laye

rIC

T-La

yer

OT-

Laye

r

Mapping of communication requirements (technology, latency, bandwidth, …)

Mapping of compute requirements (technology, storage, volume, bandwidth, …)

Mapping of process requirements (Technical requirements, …)

Knowledge

Definition of relevantand critical

process parameters

AAS AASAAS Resource Description Submodel• Technical Requirements

AAS AASAAS

AAS AASAAS

AAS AASAAS

Resource Description Submodel• Technical capabilities

Resource Description Submodel• Technical Requirements• Process Requirements

Deployment Description Submodel• Technical Requirements

for deployment

AAS

Process / functional

Requirements SubmodelFormalized

process knowledge

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Example Introduction of 5G (architectures) in manufacturing environmentsNew technologies enable new ways to build systems and their architectures

Physical Process / Environment

CPS

CPS

Actuators SensorsInternal interfaces

External interfaces

Ener

gy so

urce CPS (logical

composition)

CPS CPSFunctions (internal logic)

= Service forexternal function

Shop Floor -Equipment

as CPPS

global, open network (e.g. Internet)

Factory Infrastructure -Factory as CPPS

Information Flow

Interaction

Hybrid Cloud / Edge Cloud

(Deep) Edge Cloud

(Deep) Edge Cloud

= BBU (Baseband Unit)

= RRU (5G Remote Radio Unit)

Central Office

Embedded system

Extreme Mobile Broadband (eMBB)

Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC)

Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC)

Archiving large Amounts of

Data

BuildingAutomation

Automation, control

AGV control & navigation

Augmented/Mixed Reality

Imaging & Image

Recognition

Asset Management Safety

Systems

Distribution of large Amounts

of Data

Sensors and Actuators

10+ Gbps

1 Million Devices/ km² >1ms Latency

CPPS – Cyber Physical Production Systems

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GAIA-X European digital ecosystem

AAS AAS AAS

AAS

Representationof ressourcesand assets

Integration in GAIA-X eco systemthrough AAS submodels

Resource description standards need to be unified and standardized for interoperability

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German standardization strategyIndustrie 4.0 - Development and standardization of AAS and submodels

Source: Fraunhofer IPA, based on SCI 4.0

STRATEGY & MOBILIZATION

SUPPORT & COORDINATION

STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION

ADVISORY BOARD

EXPERT PANEL

STEERING COMMITTEE

standardization needs

German Standardization Roadmap on Industry 4.0

SME mobilization international cooperation

high level strategy

cross-sector needs

coordination of standards

international collaborations

use cases test labs validation

proposals for international standards

AG1 – Working Group „Reference architecture and

standardization“SG Models & Standards

UAG Infrastructure –AAS Registry, Infastructure

and Deployment

proposals for international standards

German Standardization Roadmap on Artificial

Intelligence

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Overview of publications on the asset administration shellTransfer of working documents into standards

usageview

functionalview

implementation view

businessview

intended reader

object ofconsideration

* currently still under discussion and development (as of 05/2020)

Usage View of Asset

Admini-strationShell

openAAS /DIN SPEC

92000

Structure of the Admini-stration

Shell

Relation-ships between I4.0 Components

Details of the Asset

Administration Shell

(parts 1,2,3*,x*)

Industrie 4.0 Service

Architecture /DIN SPEC 16593-1

Industrie 4.0 Communi-

cation Guideline

Based on OPC UA

software architect

Industrie 4.0Language

practitionersystem architectsolutionarchitect

application engineer

asset administration shell

basic concepts to implement theasset administration shell

servicearchitecture

propertyvalue

statement

Industrie 4.0communication

Examples for the Asset

Administration Shell

Plug&

Produce

application samples ofasset administration shell

interactionprinciples

integrationof field devices

system architect

Functional View compute infrastructure

for AAS*

computearchitecture

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Standardisation at national, European and international levelIndustrie 4.0 - Development and standardization of AAS and submodels

The standardization work is carried out in committees and working groups (at national level) and technical committees, sub-committees and working groups (on international and European level).

IEC/TC 65/WG 23 Smart Manufacturing Framework and System Architecture

IEC/TC 65/WG 24 Asset Administration Shell for Industrial Applications

DKE/AK 931.0.14 Smart manufacturing und Industrie 4.0

DKE/AK 931.0.16 Asset Administration Shell for Industrial Applications

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IEC/TC 65/WG 23 Smart Manufacturing Framework and System ArchitectureTopics and Task Forces – Impact of Edge Computing in Smart Manufacturing

TF Smart Manufacturing Markets and Innovation Trend Analysis

Where is the market going, what are future requirements?

TF Smart Manufacturing and New Technologies

Which technologies (e.g. Edge Computing) are available and what‘s their impact?

TF Smart Manufacturing Use Cases

What requirements are there for Edge Computing in SM?

TF Smart Manufacturing Terms and Definitions

What are we even talking about?

TF Smart Manufacturing and Safety

What are the safety impact of Edge Computing in industrial applications?

TF Smart Manufacturing and Cybersecurity

What are the security impacts of Edge Computing in industrial applications?

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Asset Administration Shell in Research and DevelopmentPlacement of development of AAS and submodels in projects (examples)

FabOS - open, distributed, real-time and secure operating system for production

Development of unified AAS submodels to describe ICT & OT resources for data governance for AI services in production

InterOpera - Digital Interoperability in Industry Collaborative Value-Added Networks 4.0

Development of a map of knowledge domains, scenarios and business models, Best Practices for Submodels and Interaction Patterns

Verwaltungsschale vernetzt

What happens when AAS from different initiatives and companies meet with different technologies and implementation variants

BaSys 4.0, BaSys4.2, BaSys ÜberProduktion - Basissystem Industrie 4.0

BaSys 4 defines a reference architecture for production systems that enables the transition to Industrie 4.0. The open source middleware Eclipse BaSyx is a reference implementation of the concepts of BaSys 4.

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Thank you for your attention

Daniel Stock Group Leader IT Architectures for Digital ProductionFraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPACompetence Center DigITools for Manufacturing Phone: +49 (0) 711 970-1215 daniel.stock@ipa.fraunhofer.de