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SMART LOCAL ENERGYSYSTEMS: DEMONSTRATOR
ReFLEX will develop and deliver a replicable communitybased Integrated Energy System demonstration project.
Project strategy (NK)• Use novel localised power balancing mechanisms
alongside digital control to provide robust andresponsive energy systems across the electricity,transport and heat networks.
• Develop a Virtual Power Plant to manage energyflows in each of the three sectors.
• Use pre-financed and self-financed customer/userinfrastructure delivered through democratisedbusiness models.
Project locationHow has Orkney earned this opportunity?
• Unique blend of natural resources (wind, wave, tide,oil, hydrogen, solar, heat…)
• Vision: Oil 1970’s; Wind 1980’s; Marine 1990’s;Efficiency 2000’s; Hydrogen & Storage 2010’s;Integrated energy solutions 2020’s; Large scaledevelopments 2020’s & 2030’s
• Commitment: People, money, sites, demand, ideas• Knowledge & expertise: Unrivalled experience,
facilities and cluster of experts & specialists• Willingness to share know-how and success
How we use energy now & in the future
Source: OREF 2014 Energy Audit by Aquatera (Note: excludes peat and air travel) 4
Orkney islands Domestic
Public admin
Commercial& industrial
Agriculture
Interisland ferriesOther marine transport
Ferry servicesto themainland
Electricity
Kerosene
Gas oil
Heavy fuel oil
Marine diesel oil
LGPCoal
Marine gas oil
Petrol
Diesel
Buildings
Terrestrialnon-roadtransport
Roadtransport
Marinetransport
Now all renewables
Electrify more heating
Agriculture – it’ll come
Next target: Make this green(EVs/hydrogen/synthetic diesel)
Marine hydrogen/synthetic diesel
Electricity
Electricity/biomass?
Agriculture
EVs
Marine
5
Micro-generation success story• Over 740 turbines installed –mostly private• Most turbines of any county in the UK• 1/9th of UK’s domestic turbines (0.07% of UK’s solar)• Income to Orkney economy: >£4M/yr• Reducing money ‘lost’
• Squeezing more efficient ‘big wind’ off
OREF runs a unique database on performance & faults
6
Electrical demand in Orkneymet by renewablesJuly 2008 First net export month2013 First net export yearApril 2015 Last net import month
2018 =110%
Summary by OREF members
Data monitoringReal time - SSE
Time series
Curtailment Intelligence
Data monitoring - generationCurtailment events
Combatting CurtailmentEarly technical trials
10
Changing electricity use - EVsCars• Now >210 vehicles in the county• 1 bus + ATVs• 12 pairs of FAST chargers, 4 RAPID chargers• 2018-2023 EV strategy in place• Highest % uptake in Scotland
OREF data base shows• >2/3 of charging is done at home• 80% have a private charger• Average mileage of EVs studied = ~24 miles/day• Electricity use for vehicles ~ 7-9kWh /day/car• If average speed is 30mph then cars are in use 1 hour/day
11
Wealth distribution?How many people in Orkney benefit directly from generating energy?300 people employed in the renewable sector500 householders with micro wind turbines installed400 homes with solar and heat pump technology installed8 large scale community turbines sites directly linked to >1000 households;40 local investors in two locally owned schemes210 electric cars running locally
Consequently there are likely to be ~700 ‘enterprises’ and 2000 or 20% ofhouseholds that have a direct link with and benefit from renewables
£
Multi vector system -> multiple demonstration scenarios
Local AuthorityNational
Grid
Tidal
Wave
Solar
Electricity
Bio-tech
Hydrogen
Batteries Diesel/Kero.
Heat Ammonia
Transport
Fertiliser
ElectricityUse
Heat AgricultureBuildingsKeyYellow = inputBlue = vectorGreen = final use
System Control/Integration
Wind
Delivering ambitious targetsOrkney Sustainable Energy Strategy targets Now ReFLEX 2030 2050
Renewables generation of electricity 120% 300%Total energy demand 250 MW 200 MWElectricity demand 25MW 50%Energy storage and commoditisation capacity 2 MW 600 MW
Decarbonised energy use 10% 50%Installed capacity (within 50 nm) 60 MW 600MWHouseholds in fuel poverty >60% <20%Jobs related to sustainable energy 300 600
Students studying energy in Orkney 35 100
Carbonfree
economy!
Strategic alignment
Wider Project Team
Company Core Personnel Wider Team Suppliers
7 6
10 2
8 6
7 2
5 7
9 1
4
50
4
28
WP2 – Virtual Energy System (GD)
Solutions( ReFLEX)Solutions( ReFLEX)
Grid upgradesor
management
Grid upgradesor
management
Storage andDemand sidemanagement
Storage andDemand sidemanagement
Fuel switchingfrom fossil fuel
to electricity
Fuel switchingfrom fossil fuel
to electricity
Increasingdemand
Increasingdemand
Starts with detailed OrkneyEnergy Audit:
• Refresh• Remodel to live system of
energy input and output• Link to VES and Energy systems
modelling• New data
Yes4%
No96%
Have you considered switchingEnergy Provider in the last 6 months?
Yes
No
ScottishHydro80%
ScottishPower
7%
E.ON5%
N Power2% EDF
3%Other
3%
Orkney customers present EnergyProvider
ScottishHydroScottishPowerE.ON
N Power
EDF
Other
WP2 – Public engagement
VirtualEnergy System Domestic
Batteries(small)
DomesticThermalStorage
ElectricVehicles
IndustrialBatteries
(med)
IndustrialBattery(large)
H2 FuelCells
V2GChargers
Electric / H2Buses
ColdIroning
HydrogenFerries
HydrogenBoilers
HeatPumps
FlexiTRANS
FlexiGRIDFlexiHEAT
WP2 – VES Toolbox Development
• Data input• Dynamic Forecasting• Heat / transport / grid model• Optimisation• Recommendations• Scenarios• Validation• Replication
Add a footer 19
Modelling of the system – HWU
Data Forecasts
Heat / Transport / GridModels
Validation Scenarios
Replication
Multi Vector/Agent- Optimisation
EnergyRecommendations
WP3 – FlexiGrid
Domestic Technology Example
• £6500 - £8000 installed cost• 13kWh storage capacity• 3.68kW inverter
Domestic Energy Storage
Minimal grid importduring peak hours
Grid charging duringoff-peak / peak local
renewable generation
Domestic Technology Example
• £6500 - £8000 installed cost• 13kWh storage capacity• 3.68kW inverter
Domestic Energy Storage
Minimal grid importduring peak hours
Grid charging duringoff-peak / peak local
renewable generation
Summer Profile
NightCharge from grid
PeakDischarge to
customer
Mid-dayCharge from PV
EveningDischarge to grid - arbitrage
00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00
Winter Profile
00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00
PeakDischarge to
customer
NightCharge from grid
Mid-dayCharge from PV
EveningDischarge to grid - arbitrage
Reducing Energy Bills / Revenue Stacking
Standard Tariff VPP Tariff
+15% billreduction
Revenues Vs. Costs (per customer)
GridServices
Arbitrage
VPP Fee
Operations
Profit
AssetFinancing
Value Proposition
WP4 – FlexTrans (MHu)
Road vehicles• Utilising domestic and commercial electric vehicles as “batteries on wheels”• Matching local generation and grid capacities to flexible transport• Demand responsive and intelligent services• Managing vehicle/ferry interactions• Handling domestic vehicles away from the house• Handling commercial vehicles• Managing vehicle poolingShipping• Providing and managing shore services and support• Ferry transport capacity• Cruise ship capacity?
Managing transport energy supply and demand in locally flexible ways:
WP4 – FlexTransTask 4.1 Vehicle to Grid and EV Smart Charging (Solo)
Homebattery
EV with Vehicle-to-Home / Vehicle-to-
Grid charging
Micro-generation
flexibility
Power
Heat Transport
Grid charging /discharging
WP4 – FlexTransTask 4.2 Community Grid & Generation integrated transport (CES)
Local supplyLocal generation Local demand/storage Transmission
Energy EnergyEnergy
Cash flow
Local Finance (community ownership)
H2£
WP4 – FlexTransTask 4.2 Community Grid & Generation integrated transport (CES)
flexibility
Power
Transport
WP4 – FlexTransTask 4.3 LA/DSL owned grid integrated EV buses & demand responsive vehicles (OIC)
Through this task analysis and review of the local transport sector will be undertaken to identifygaps and opportunities where the ReFLEX project may be able to interact with transport servicesto offer local benefit.
This could include replacement or enhancement of existing services or provision of new services.
The study will identify promising opportunities and assess viability.
Implementation of new solutions will be pursued where appropriate.
WP4 – FlexTransTask 4.4 Grid scale battery backed charger (AQT)
Task 4.2 – Isle’s ferry terminalOther Locations?• Households• Place of work• Urban car park• Visitor attraction• Amenity spots• Supermarket• On board ferry• Ferry car parks• Airport car park• Street parking• Mobile ‘rescue packs’• Black spot packs
1-2 Tesla Powerpackbatteries each with10 associated fast EVcharger connections
WP4 – FlexTransTask 4.5 Marine Transport (CES/OIC/EMEC)
Task 4.5.1 Options for Maritime Transport Decarbonisation
This task will review and assess the diverse range of marine vessels and their supporting infrastructure operatingin the Orkney eco-system, to gain a detailed understanding of the complexity of transitioning this key sector ofOrkney’s transport sector to low / zero carbon alternatives.
Task 4.5.2 Opportunity for Marine Transport flexibility within ReFLEX
CES and the OIC will engage with project partners to investigate the potential to incorporate their existing marinetransport/ferry infrastructure into the project.
Task 4.5.3 RTFO review
This final activity in this task will provide the ReFLEX project with a report detailing the overall opportunity, thesteps necessary to incorporate green hydrogen for maritime applications into the RTFO support mechanism andthe procedure for RTFO registration for eligible Renewable Fuel producers.
WP5 – FlexHeat (GB)
Objectives To reduce the cost/kW of heat generated Deliver a net increase in affordable warmth.
Achieved by: Installing appropriate hardware to efficiently generate heat : A/GSHP, HFC Matching heat demand and supply : Building management systems Improving on-demand, intelligent generation/release of heat : VES integration Align with district heating / heat trading where infrastructure permits : OIC plans
35
• ‘12-’16 decrease in oil price encourages use. Incentive needed for alternative solutions• Broad mix of domestic heating in Orkney - 39% (oil/solid) and 43% electric• Require to raise awareness of ‘whole house heating’ approach vs ‘selective rooms’
Domestic Heating - Now
Heat Pump InstallationHeat pumps extract low temperature energy from the environment, raise the temperatureand then distribute it to provide hot water or general domestic heating.
Air Source Heat Pump(ASHP)
Typically:- 4x more efficient than fossil
fuels- 1kW in 3 - 5kW out- Air/Air : space heating- Water/Air : space heating- Air/Water: hot water
- Variable performance
Ground Source Heat Pump(GSHP)
Typically:- 40-50% heating cost of oil/LPG- 4x more efficient (fossil fuels)- 1kW in 3-4kW heat out- 7yr income under Domestic
Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI).- 20yrs for Non-Domestic RHI
Slightly more efficient than ASHP -uniform ground temperature
Targets
• Install heat pump in insulated homes + RHI• Reduce and measure carbon footprint
reduction for heating for each targeted house• Deliver ‘affordable warmth’
Green Hydrogen Heat & Power
Hydrogen production(Electrolyser by EMEC)
1
Hydrogentransportation andstorage (by EMEC)
2
Green hydrogengas converted toheat and power.
3
Heat & Power todecarbonise localleisure centre(current fuel = oil)
4
VES Integration
DemandSupply
Control
Commercial/IndustrialDomestic
VES
Heat Pump Hydrogen FuelCell
HeatPumps
Building Management Systems
Heat Heat HeatPower
Thermal Storage, or Distribution via District Heating(to be confirmed)
Integration of:- Heat pumps (A/GSHP)- Hydrogen fuel cell- Building mgmt. systems
to deliver heat as needed.
Excess heat generation haspotential to be stored ordistributed (and traded) on adistrict heating network, insimilar manner to power grid.
Connection to Other Initiatives
Diverting unused renewable energyinto affordable heating
WP6 – Replication & Exploitation
Wider framework rollout (ReFLEX - plus plus)Replication of The Orkney model taking into account any lessons learned and making it
locally applicable to each location
Full Orkney Project delivery (ReFELX - plus)Programme to support and deliver the full breadth, scale and cost of the
Orkney demonstration project and to provide for its long termeffectiveness and success
ReFLEX ProjectMajor, but part funding (50% / depreciation limited)
to kick-of a 3 year demonstration project
Preparatory workUndertaken in Orkney by local
project partners and others, alongwith established capacity from
other delivery partners
41
• Core project will last 3 yearsand have a total value of £28m
WP6 – ReFLEX Plus• Plus project will last 20+ years and
may have a value of over £200m
• Define key characteristics and replicationpathway
• Characterise prospective replicationcommunities
• Evaluating suitability• Targeting most suitable communities• Engaging communities on replication
pathway
U K a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l r o l e o u t
42
WP6 – ReFLEX Plus Plus
WP7 – Communication
WP7 – Communication• Communications plan:
• Define key messages – project and partners• Define target audience / key stakeholders• Detailed plan re comms: branding / website / PR / social media / materials / graphics / videos
• Next Steps:• Partner meetings• Website / Templates
• Engagement events:• 7 May 2019: OREF information meeting• 2019 – 2022: Community engagement events• 2022: End of project event
• Conferences:• 3 April 2019: Hannover Messe• 14-16 May 2019: 3rd Clean Energy for EU Islands Forum• 16-17 May 2019: All-Energy 2019, Glasgow• 17 May 2019: Lord Mayor’s Business Event - London• 9 June 2019: Fully Charged Live Show• 1-8 July 2019: London Climate Action Week / Climate Innovation Forum• 10 August 2019: Orkney County Show• 3-5 Sept 2019: UKES2 2019• 5-11 Sept 2019: Orkney International Science Festival• 30-1 Nov 2019: Distributed Energy Conference
• It requires ‘buy-in’ from the many• Design work is going on now• Recruiting
• Need to find participants• Keep people engaged• Get ready to make the change
H o w t o g e t i n v o l v e d
45
ReFLEX – What next?
Never doubtthat a small group of thoughtful,
committed, citizenscan change the world.
Indeed, it is the only thing that everhas.
Margaret Mead
46
Final thoughts