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Date:17/07/2016 G.S. TEST BATCH-2 (Sunday Batch) TEST – 26 KEY AND EXPLANATION

1. (b)

Explanation: A Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI), which is a rational number to characterize the environmental quality at a given location following the algorithm of source, pathway and receptor. The present CEPI is intended to act as an early warning tool that can help in categorizing the industrial clusters/areas in terms of priority of planning needs for interventions. The main objective is to identify polluted industrial clusters or areas in order to take concerted action and to centrally monitor them at the national level to improve the current status of their environmental components such as air and water quality data, ecological damage, and visual environmental conditions.

2. (d)

Explanation: Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Ecological disturbance, an event or force, of nonbiological or biological origin, that brings about mortality to organisms and changes in their spatial patterning in the ecosystems they inhabit. Disturbance plays a significant role in shaping the structure of individual populations and the character of whole ecosystems. Minor disturbances include localized wind events, droughts, floods, small wildland fires, and disease outbreaks in plant and animal populations. In contrast, major disturbances include large-scale wind events (such as tropical cyclones), volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, intense forest fires, epidemics, ocean temperature changes stemming from El Niño events or other climate phenomena, and pollution and land-use conversion caused by humans. The notion of ecological disturbance has deep historical roots in

ecological thinking; the first conceptual disturbance-related model in modern ecology was ecological succession, an idea emphasizing the progressive changes in ecosystem structure that follow a disturbance.

3. (d)

Explanation: Arya samaj was established by

Dayananda Saraswathi in 1875. Arya Samaj rejected all the post-Vedic

developments in Hinduism and thus denounced meaningless rites, worship of the images of different gods and goddesses which split the people into numerous belligerent sects, repudiated the authority of the Brahmins and launched a crusade against all religious superstitions.

Its slogan ‘Back to Vedas’ was inspired to revive the true Vedic religion and bring about national unity and to kindle national pride and consciousness.

4. (d) Explanation: Statement 1 is correct as per Art 117. (1) Statement 2 is correct as per Art 113(3)

5. (a)

Explanation: Corporates who are not fulfilling their CSR targets are not punishable which is a recent raising issue with respect to the drawbacks of CSR provisions.

6. Q(d) Explanation: The Qualified Foreign Investor (QFI) is sub-category of Foreign Portfolio Investor and refers to any foreign individuals groups or associations, or resident, however, restricted to those from a country that is a member of Financial Action Task Force (FATF) or a country that is a member of a group which is a member of FATF and a country that is a signatory to International Organization of Securities Commission's (105C0) Multilateral Memorandum of Understanding (MMOU). The objective of

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enabling QFIs is to deepen and infuse more foreign funds in the Indian capital market and to reduce market volatility as individuals are considered to be long term investors, as compared to institutional investors. They are allowed to invest in - mutual funds, equities and corporate debt.

7. (c)

Explanation: Reason: Since the continental shelf extends far into the sea, the coastlines are not very deep that can support standing cargo ships. Western submergence of Peninsula it is a narrow belt and provides natural conditions for the development of ports and harbours. Kandla, Mazagaon, JLN port Navha Sheva, Marmagao, Mangalore, Cochin, etc. are some of the important natural ports located along the west coast.

8. (c) Explanation: Home charges formed an important part of drain of wealth from India. It included: 1. Dividend to the share holders of the East

India Company 2. Interests on public debt raised abroad 3. Civil and military charges 4. Stores purchase in England 5. Expenditure on India Office

Establishment 6. Pensions and gratuities payable in

England to retired civil servants of the company.

9. (a) 10. (b)

Explanation : Statement 1 is correct as per Art 116(1)(c) Statement 2 is correct as per Art 116(1)(b) Statement 3 is wrong as it is only Lok Sabha per Art 116(1)(a)

11. (c)

Explanation: Carbon monoxide (CO)—a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and toxic air pollutant—is produced in the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels, such as gasoline, natural gas, oil, coal, and wood.

In the past, the main use of carbon monoxide was as a constituent of "town gas". This was used for domestic heating until it was replaced by the much less toxic natural gas (which contains mainly methane). Today, carbon monoxide is used in metal refining and in the production of certain chemicals. The main source of carbon monoxide is from vehicles which are not fitted with a catalytic convertor. Carbon monoxide levels in urban areas closely reflect traffic density (in combination with weather conditions). Other man-made sources are power stations and waste incinerators. At a domestic level, faulty gas appliances and cigarette smoking are significant sources of carbon monoxide. Natural processes produce relatively small amounts.

12. (d)

Explanation: Coal – 4.38% Crude Oil – 5.216 % Fertilizer – 1.25% Steel – 6.8% Electricity – 10.316% Cement – 2.406% Refinery Products – 5.939% Natural Gas – 1.708%

13. (a) 14. (c)

Explanation: A catalytic converter is a device that uses a catalyst to convert three harmful compounds in car exhaust into harmless compounds. The three harmful compounds are: Hydrocarbons (in the form of unburned

gasoline) Carbon monoxide (formed by the

combustion of gasoline) Nitrogen oxides (created when the heat

in the engine forces nitrogen in the air to combine with oxygen)

In a catalytic converter, the catalyst (in the form of platinum and palladium) is coated onto a ceramic honeycomb or ceramic beads that are housed in a muffler-like package attached to the exhaust pipe. The catalyst helps to convert carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide. It converts the

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hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide and water. It also converts the nitrogen oxides back into nitrogen and oxygen.

15. (c)

16. (c)

Explanation: The RBI manages monetary policy of India. Monetary policy deals with controlling the money supply in the market. It uses repo rate as the instrument to control inflation.. In simple terms, Repo rate is the rate at which RBI gives loan (by pledging some securities) to commercial banks, if the repo rate is increased, banks find it difficult to borrow and hence the liquidity is squeezed and inflation is controlled. Reverse Repo is reverse of repo rate - It is the rate at which commercial banks give loan to RBI. Obviously, repo rate will always be higher than reverse repo rate. Conceptually, increasing repo rate controls inflation and hence it is assumed that decreasing reverse repo rate will decrease inflation, but that is not correct. The reverse repo if decreased means RBI will taken loan at cheaper rate from commercial banks. It has no linkage to the monetary policy because the money which is available with the commercial bank may not be kept with the RBI as they do not have any advantage. Hence decreasing reverse repo does not squeeze liquidity and combat inflation. (1) is incorrect. The second statement and third statement are obvious, purchasing power of money decreases if there is inflation in the market as inflation makes things costly. Inflation favors the debtors as the amount which the debtor actually pays is less due to inflation. Hence statements 2 and 3 are correct.

17. (c) Explanation: Krishna Deva Raya (1509-1529 AD) Tuluva dynasty. Title – Andhra Bhoja, Andhra Pitamah,

AbhinavBhoja, (for he gave liberal patronage to Telugu literature).

Book: Amukatamalyada in Telugu on Polity.

He also wrote ‘JambawantiKalayanam’ in Sanskrit.

Built: o Temple of Krishna Swami. o Hazara Swami o Virupksha temple at Vijayanagara.

His court was adorned by the Astha–Diggajas (Eight celebrated poets), Tenali Ramalingam wrote “PondurangaMahayam”.

His court poet Pedanna, who wrote “Manucharitam”.

18. (c)

Explanation: Lord Mayo (1869-72) Decentralization of finances in India

during 1870. Stabbed to death by a Pathan convict in

Andamans. First time in India, census was held in

1872. Established two colleges for the

education and political training of the Indian Princes- the Rajkot College in Kathiawar and the Mayo College at Ajmer in Rajasthan.

Organised Statistical Survey of India. Beginning of the system of State

railways.

19. (c) Explanation: Additional Explanation: Indian manufacturing saw a significant

upswing in March, 2016 due to a pickup in domestic demand and an increase in output, according to the Nikkei India Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI).

Analysts said that the Index, which stood at an eight-month high of 52.4 in March, suggests a turnaround in the manufacturing sector and assumes significance following the country’s core sector output clocking its fastest growth in 15 months in February.

A value above 50 in the PMI implies an expansion, while one below 50 shows a contraction. The corresponding index values in January and February were 51.1. Core sector output grew 5.7 per cent in February.

20. (c)

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21. (d) Explanation: Covalent bonds form when two atoms have a very small (nearly insignificant) difference in electronegativity. The value of difference in electronegativity between two atoms in a covalent bond is less than 1.7. Covalent bonds often form between similar atoms, nonmetal to nonmetal or metal to metal. Covalent bonding signals a complete sharing of electrons. Covalent bonds are considered to be the strongest chemical bonds. Ionic bonds form when two atoms have a large difference in electronegativity. (Electronegativity is the quantitative representation of an atom’s ability to attract an electron to itself). Ionic bonds can typically be broken through hydrogenation, or the addition of water to a compound. Next to covalent bonds, ionic bonds are stronger. Hydrogen bonds only form between hydrogen and oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) or fluorine (F). Hydrogen bonding sometimes results in the element that is not hydrogen (oxygen, for example) having a lone pair of electrons on the atom, making it polar. Lone pairs of electrons are non-bonding electrons that sit in twos (pairs) on the central atom of the compound. H bonds are not strong individually but a large number of bonds together is formidable to break such as in water. But in general, it is weaker than ionic bonds.

22. (d)

Explanation: Characteristics of Tropical Rain Forests Uniformly high temperature throughout

the year Uniformly adequate rainfall through out

the year received through convective mechanism.

Temperature and humidity are high and has a very rich florestic and faunistic composition.

Canopy is very well developed and understory vegetation is fairly thick, short trees (upto 20 m), shrubs (upto 10 m) and herbs layer.

Annual rainfall is around 200 - 225 cm and evenly distributed throughout the year.

23. (a) 24. (a)

Explanation: By selling the govt. securities, RBI suck out the liquidity from the market and hence sterilizes the economy against adverse external shocks.

25. (a) Answer : As per Art 19(6) only statement 1 is correct

26. (d)

Explanation: Saffron is one of the highly prized spices known since antiquity for its color, flavor and medicinal properties. It is the dried "stigma" or threads of the flower of the Crocus sativus plant. It is a bulbous perennial plant that belongs to the family of Iridaceae, in the genus, Crocus, and known botanically as Crocus sativus. This exotic spice is a native of Southern Europe and today cultivated worldwide in many countries, particularly in Spain, Italy, France, Greece, Turkey, Iran, and in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. Saffron has a distinct flavor that comes from chemical compounds in it such as picrocrocin, and safranal. It also contains a natural carotenoid chemical compound, crocin, which gives saffron its golden-yellow hue. These traits along with its medicinal properties make it a valuable ingredient in many cuisines worldwide.

27. (d)

Explanation: Lawrence’s policy had been ” that we will

leave the Afghans to settle their own quarrels, and that we are willing to be on terms of amity and goodwill with the nation and with their rulers de facto,’‘ This is known as policy of masterly inactivity.

Lytton: Policy of Masterly Inactivity was replaced by Forward Policy. Started second Afghan War in 1878-80. It ended in a failure.

28. (a)

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29. (c)

Explanation: VD Savarkar: Foundation of the Mitra Mandal Foundation of the Abhinava Bharat

(1904) Establishment of Free India Society

30. (b)

Explanation: World Happiness Index The World Happiness Report 2016,

published by the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), a global initiative for the United Nations.

The report takes into account GDP per capita, life expectancy, social support and freedom to make life choices as indicators of happiness.

India did not make any improvement in its happiness quotient, ranking 118th out of 156 countries in a global list of the happiest nations, down one slot from last year on the index and coming behind China, Pakistan and Bangladesh.

Denmark takes the top spot as the happiest country in the world, displacing Switzerland

Switzerland was ranked second on the list, followed by Iceland (3), Norway (4) and Finland (5).

India ranked 118th, down from 117th in 2015.

The report said that India was among the group of 10 countries witnessing the largest happiness declines along with Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Yemen and Botswana.

India comes below nations like Somalia (76), China (83), Pakistan (92), Iran (105), Palestinian Territories (108) and Bangladesh (110).

India had ranked 111th in 2013. The US is ranked 13th, coming behind

Australia (9) and Israel (11). Rwanda, Benin, Afghanistan, Togo, Syria

and Burundi were the least happiest countries, according to the report.

The report, released in advance of UN World Happiness Day on March 20, for the first time gives a special role to the measurement and consequences of

inequality in the distribution of well-being among countries and regions.

31. (c) Explanation : Statement 1 is correct as per Art 93 Statement 2 is correct as per Art 95(1)

32. (d)

Explanation: Probiotics are live microorganisms (in most cases, bacteria) that are similar to beneficial microorganisms found in the human gut. They are also called “friendly bacteria” or “good bacteria.” Probiotics are available mainly in the form of dietary supplements and foods. The health benefits have been suggested to include acting as a remedy for gastrointestinal (GI) complications such as enteritis, constipation, and irritable bowel disease; prevention and treatment of various cancers; decreasing allergic inflammation; treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and fighting immune deficiency diseases

33. (c)

Explanation: A floating object displaces an amount of water equal to its own weight. Since water expands when it freezes, one ounce of frozen water has a larger volume than one ounce of liquid water. A completely submerged ice cube weighing one ounce, for example, displaces MORE than one ounce of liquid water. The cube will rise until the volume remaining under the surface displaces only one ounce of water. If you could remove the ice cube and leave a 'hole' in the water where the cube used to float without disturbing the surrounding water, that hole would take exactly one ounce of liquid water to fill. Let the ice cube melt. Since it is now one ounce of liquid water, putting it back into the 'hole' will exactly fill it and leave the remaining water undisturbed.

34. (a)

35. (c)

Explanation:

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Both statements 1 and 2 are correct as per Art 98(3)

36. (d)

Explanation: The companies doing Nidhi business, viz. borrowing from members and lending to members only, are known under different names such as Nidhi, Permanent Fund, Benefit Funds, Mutual Benefit Funds and Mutual Benefit Company. They are mutual benefit societies, because their dealings are restricted only to the members; and membership is limited to individuals. The principal source of funds is the contribution from the members. The loans are given to the members at relatively reasonable rates for purposes such as house construction or repairs and are generally secured. The deposits mobilized by Nidhis are not much when compared to the organized banking sector. Nidhi's are companies registered under section €20A of the Companies Act, 1956 (Section 406 of the new Companies Bill 2012 as passed by Lok Sabha) and is regulated by Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA). Nidhis are also included in the definition of Non-Banking Financial companies or (NBFC5) which operate mainly in the unorganized money market. Nidhi Companies are regulated by RBI also.

37. (b)

Explanation: DNA fingerprinting is a test to identify and evaluate the genetic information-called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)-in a person's cells. It is called a "fingerprint" because it is very unlikely that any two people would have exactly the same DNA information, in the same way that it is very unlikely that any two people would have exactly the same physical fingerprint. DNA fingerprinting is based on DNA analyzed from regions in the genome that separate genes called introns. Introns are regions within a gene that are not part of the protein the gene encodes. They are spliced out during processing of the messenger RNA, which is an intermediate molecule that allows DNA to encode protein. This is in contrast to DNA analysis looking for disease

causing mutations, where the majority of mutations involve regions in the genes that code for protein called exons. DNA fingerprinting usually involves introns because exons are much more conserved and therefore, have less variability in their sequence.

38. (d)

Explanation: Cripps Mission (March 1942) In March 1942, a mission headed by

Stafford Cripps was sent to India with constitutional proposals to seek Indian support for the world war II.

Main proposals: 1. An Indian Union with a dominion status

would be set up 2. The Indians were to be given the right to

frame constitution after the war. The constitution-making body would constitute elected members from the British territories as also the representatives from the Native States.

3. The new constitution making body and the British government would negotiate a treaty to effect the transfer of power and to safeguard racial and religious minorities.

4. In the meantime, defence of India would remain in British hands and the governor-general’s powers would remain intact.

39. (c)

40. (c)

Explanation: Statement 1 is correct as per Art 145(3) Statement 2 is wrong as the term sis years is given in The comptroller and auditor general's (Duties, Powers and Conditions of Service) ACT, 1971 Statement 3 is correct as per The comptroller and auditor general's (Duties, Powers and Conditions of Service) ACT, 1971.It says The Comptroller and Auditor-General shall, in so far as the accounts, for the compilation or keeping of which he is responsible, enable him so to do, give to the Union government, to the State Governments or to the Governments of Union Territories having Legislative

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Assemblies, as the case may be, such information as they may, from time to time, require, and render such assistance in the preparation of their annual financial statements as they may reasonably ask for.

41. (b)

Explanation: A cartel is an agreement between competing firms to control prices or exclude entry of a new competitor in a market. It is a formal organization of sellers or buyers that agree to fix selling prices, purchase prices, or reduce production using a variety of tactics.

42. (a)

Explanation: Partition of Bengal (1905)

The Government’s decision to partition Bengal had been made public in December

1903. From 1903 to1905, under the

leadership of moderates, protest to partition was shown through petitions to the Government, public meetings, memoranda, and propaganda through pamphlets and newspapers.

On 7 August 1905, proclamation of Swadeshi movement was made in Calcutta Town hall.

The upper and middle class Muslims, led by Nawab of Dacca, supported the Partition.

43. (d)

Explanation: The Non-Agricultural Market Access

(NAMA) negotiations of the World Trade Organization are based on the Doha Declaration of 2001 that calls for a reduction or elimination in tariffs, particularly on exportable goods of interest to developing countries.

NAMA covers manufacturing products, fuels and mining products, fish and fish products, and forestry products.

These products are not covered by the Agreement on Agriculture or the negotiations on services.

The WTO considers the NAMA negotiations important because NAMA

products account for almost 90% of the world's merchandise exports.

NAMA-11 A group of eleven developing countries

working toward strengthening NAMA. The group has two main objectives: Supporting flexibilities for developing

countries Balance between NAMA and other areas

under negotiation. Member countries of NAMA-11 are

Argentina, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Brazil, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Namibia, Philippines, South Africa and Tunisia.

44. (a)

Explanation : Statement 1 is correct as per Art 239AA(4) Statement 2 is correct as per Art 239AA(5) Statement 3 is wrong as per Art 239B (1) which says If at any time, except when the Legislature is in session, the administrator thereof is satisfied that circumstances exist which render it necessary for him to take immediate action, he may promulgate such Ordinances as the circumstances appear to him to require: Provided that no such Ordinance shall be promulgated by the administrator except after obtaining instructions from the President in that behalf.

45. (b)

Explanation: State of Forests Report 2015: Key Findings

Total forest cover in India: 7,01,673 sq km (increase of 3775 sqkm)

Total forest cover as percentage of geographical area: 21.34 per cent

Total tree cover in India: 92,572 sq km (increase of 1306 sq km)

Total tree cover as percentage of geographical area : 2.82 per cent

Top five states with maximum forest cover (in km²) are as follows:

Madhya Pradesh (77,462) Arunachal Pradesh (67,248) Chhattisgarh (55,586) Maharashtra (50,628) Orissa(50,354)

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Top five states / UTs with maximum forest cover as percentage of their own geographical area are as follows: Mizoram (88.93%) Lakshadweep (84.56%) A&N islands (81.84%) Arunachal Pradesh (80.30%) Nagaland(78.21%)

46. (b)

Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect as Currency appreciation negatively impact export sector as same goods and services will fetch less value for money. But it will positively impact import sector as more goods and services can be purchased for less value of money. • Statement 2 and 3 are correct. In Currency appreciation lesser will chase more goods and services which will help in controlling inflation. Normally currency appreciate if economy is doing well and appreciating currency is the result of booming economy which can be seen as increase in foreign investment, ECB and NISI deposits.

47. (d)

Explanation: Virion is an entire virus particle, consisting of an outer protein shell called a capsid and an inner core of nucleic acid (either ribonucleic or deoxyribonucleic acid—RNA or DNA). The core confers infectivity, and the capsid provides specificity to the virus. Viroids are plant pathogens: small, single-stranded, circular RNA particles that are much simpler than a virus. They do not have a capsid or outer envelope, but, as with viruses, can reproduce only within a host cell. Viroids do not, however, manufacture any proteins. They produce only a single, specific RNA molecule. Human diseases caused by viroids have yet to be identified. Prions, so-called because they are proteinaceous, are infectious particles, smaller than viruses, that contain no nucleic acids (neither DNA nor RNA). Historically, the idea of an infectious agent that did not use nucleic acids was considered impossible, but pioneering work by Nobel Prize-winning biologist Stanley Prusiner has convinced the majority of biologists that such agents do indeed exist. Fatal neurodegenerative

diseases, such as kuru in humans and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle (commonly known as "mad cow disease"), were shown to be transmitted by prions. The disease was spread by the consumption of meat, nervous tissue, or internal organs between members of the same species.

48. (d)

Explanation: National Panchayati Raj Day is celebrated on April 24 every year as it was on this day that the panchayati raj system got constitutional recognition during P.V. Narasimha Rao’s tenure as PM. In a historic decision, reflecting the spirit of cooperative federalism, the Modi government has accepted the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission for providing grants to the tune of Rs 2,00,292 crore between 2015 and 2020 to gram panchayats (GPs) directly, and also released the allocations to rural local bodies this year. It needs to be noted that the grants awarded by the NDA are three times higher than the earlier period, that is, between 2010 and 2015. The grants are only for GPs, unlike in the past when they were meant for all the three tiers, including district and block panchayats. The fund availability at the GP level would now be Rs 2,404 per capita over five years and Rs 17 lakh a year (Rs 85 lakh for five years) for the average GP. In a study conducted by the ministry of panchayati raj in 2014-15 on the Panchayat Devolution Index, which looked at the devolution of powers to panchayati raj institutions (PRIs) in terms of the three Fs( funds, functions and functionaries). Kerala topped the list in all parameters except funds while Karnataka was best in transferring funds to PRIs. Though Sikkim did well in transferring functions, it was low on other parameters.

49. (d) 50. (d)

Explanation: SLR is the ratio used by RBI as monetary tool. Banks prefer to keep part of the prescribed ratio in the form of treasury bills,

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thus financing the government short term borrowing.

51. (a)

Explanation: Statement 2: Equator receives less insolation than tropic due to heavy cloud cover. So the clouds obstructs the sunlight and hence equator receives less insolation. Similarly, Oceans are significantly cloudier than continents and hence insolation is more over continents.

52. (a)

Explanation: Ames test is the method for determining if a chemical is a mutagen. Named for its developer, Bruce Ames. The use of the Ames test is based on the assumption that any substance that is mutagenic for the bacteria used in his test may also turn out to be a carcinogen; that is, to cause cancer. The bacterium used in the test is a strain of Salmonella typhimurium that caries a defective (mutant) gene making it unable to synthesize the amino acid histidine (His) from the ingredients in its culture medium.

53. (d)

Explanation: Majma-ul-Bahrain ("The Confluence of the

Two Seas"), was devoted to a revelation of the mystical and pluralistic affinities between Sufic and Vedantic speculation.

Written in Persian.

54. (d)

55. (a) Explanation: There is need to reduce production of certain commodities as too much of production will lead to fall in the price of the product. To limit the production of those commodities subsidies are given. The subsidies given for this purpose is called as Blue Box subsidies.

56. (b)

Explanation: Battle of Khanwa (17-March-1527)

Rajputs under Rana of Mewar Rana Sanga, were defeated by Babur of Ferghana.

Rana Sanga was wounded in the battlefield.

57. (b)

Explanation: Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA) is a Mini Ratna (Category – I) Government of India Enterprise under the administrative control of Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). IREDA is a Public Limited Government Company established as a Non-Banking Financial Institution in 1987 engaged in promoting, developing and extending financial assistance for setting up projects relating to new and renewable sources of energy and energy efficiency/conservation with the motto: “ENERGY FOR EVER”. IREDA has been notified as a “Public Financial Institution” under section 4 ‘A’ of the Companies Act, 1956 and registered as Non-Banking Financial Company (NFBC) with Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The need for effective marketing of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency/Conversation Products and Devices has been felt for a long time. To address this need, IREDA has introduced a scheme to assist manufacturers/intermediaries and suppliers of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency/Conversation Technologies, Systems and Devices to promote their products through various means for creating effective demand for their products both in India and Abroad.

58. (c)

Explanation: The enactment of Administrative Tribunals Act in 1985 opened a new chapter in the sphere of administering justice to the aggrieved government servants. Administrative Tribunals Act owes its origin to Article 323-A of the Constitution which empowers Central Government to set-up by an Act of Parliament, Administrative Tribunals for adjudication of disputes and complaints with respect to recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed to the public service and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union and the States. In pursuance of the provisions contained in

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the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985, the Administrative Tribunals set-up under it exercise original jurisdiction in respect of service matters of employees covered by it. As a result of the judgement dated 18 March 1997 of the Supreme Court, the appeals against the orders of an Administrative Tribunal shall lie before the Division Bench of the concerned High Court.

59. (d)

Explanation: It is the ratio of Deposits which banks have to keep with RBI. Under CRR a certain percentage of the total bank deposits has to be kept in the current account with RBI. Banks don’t earn anything on that. Banks will not have access to this amount. They cannot use this money for any of their economic or commercial activities. Banks can’t lend this portion of money to corporate or individual borrowers. With increase in CRR the lending capacity of banks will decrease as they will have less money to lend.

60. (d) 61. (c) 62. (b)

Explanation: Tight junctions are virtually (but also partly selectively) impermeable seals that encircle cells and bind them together into leakproof sheets. In other words, the plasma membranes of adjacent cells essentially fuse together really tightly in order to limit the leakage of various substances between the two cells. Tight junctions perform vital functions including holding cells together, and forming protective and functional barriers. Tight junctions are composed of a branching network of sealing strands with each strand acting independently from the others. The major types of proteins in junctions are the claudins and the occludins. Plasmodesmata (singular, plasmodesma) are small channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of neighboring plant cells to each other, establishing living bridges between cells. Similar to the gap junctions found in animal cells, the plasmodesmata, which

penetrate both the primary and secondary cell walls, allow certain molecules to pass directly from one cell to another and are important in cellular communication. A desmosome is a cell structure specialized for cell-to-cell adhesion. Desmosomes are also found in muscle tissue where they bind muscle cells to one another.

63. (c)

Explanation: When minimum export price is fixed, below this limit nobody can export. But as the minimum export price is high the demand from the importing countries will fall. So, the export will fall. It will increase the supply of commodities in domestic countries so the price can be controlled.

64. (b)

Explanation: Market reforms were undertaken by AlauddinKhalji 1269-1316. Alauddin Khalji (1269-1316 AD) Introduction of ‘Dagh’ (branding of

horses) and ‘Chahra’ (descriptive roll of soldiers).

Abolition of ‘Iqtas’ Establishment of separate markets for

food grains, manufactured goods, general merchandise and horses, cattle and slave. Shehna-i-mandi was appointed to keep a strict vigil.

Creation of new department ‘Diwan-I-Mustakhraj’ to enquire into the revenue arrears and to collect them.

Efficient espionage system. A new department ‘Diwani-I-Riyasat’

was created to control Market. Built Alai Darwaza, Siri (a new city in

Delhi). 65. (d)

Explanation: Electoral Trust is a Section 25 Company

or a non-profit company created in India for orderly receipt of the voluntary contributions from any person and for distributing the same to the respective political parties, registered under Section 29A of the Representation of People Act, 1951.

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The objective of the Electoral Trust is not to earn any profit or pass any direct or indirect benefit to its members or contributors. The sole objective is to distribute the contributions received by it to the political party concerned. This is a mechanism for bringing transparency and sanity in the political party funding.

The Central Government amended the Income Tax Rules, 1962 to list the functions of Electoral Trusts which are approved by the Central Bureau of Direct Taxes (CBDT).

The list of electoral trust is maintained by Ministry of Corporate Affairs.

Those electoral trusts are recognised by the CBDT, and their contribution reports are maintained by the Election Commission of India.

66. (c) Explanation: Uluru (English pronunciation: also

known as Ayers Rock and is a large sandstone rock formation in the southern part of the Northern Territory in central Australia.

Uluru is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

67. (c) 68. (d)

Explanation: Natural sources of mercury include volcanic eruptions and emissions from the ocean. Anthropogenic (human-caused) emissions include mercury that is released from fuels or raw materials, or from uses in products or industrial processes. Globally, artisanal and small-scale gold mining is the largest source of anthropogenic mercury emissions, followed closely by coal combustion. Other large sources of emissions are non-ferrous metals production and cement production.

69. (b)

Explanation: Upper-course river features include

steep-sided V-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs, rapids, waterfalls and gorges.

Middle-course river features include wider, shallower valleys, meanders, and oxbow lakes.

Lower-course river features include wide flat-bottomed valleys, floodplains and deltas.

70. (d) 71. (c)

Explanation: TDS in drinking-water originate from natural sources, sewage, urban run-off, industrial wastewater, and chemicals used in the water treatment process. In general, the total dissolved solids concentration is the sum of the cations (positively charged) and anions (negatively charged) ions in the water. Therefore, the total dissolved solids test provides a qualitative measure of the amount of dissolved ions but does not tell us the nature or ion relationships. The TDS concentration is a secondary drinking water standard and, therefore, is regulated because it is more of an aesthetic rather than a health hazard. An elevated TDS indicates the following: The concentration of the dissolved ions

may cause the water to be corrosive, salty or brackish taste, result in scale formation, and interfere and decrease efficiency of hot water heaters; and

Many contain elevated levels of ions that are above the Primary or Secondary Drinking Water Standards, such as an elevated level of nitrate, arsenic, aluminum, copper, lead, etc.

Reverse osmosis is the commonly used domestic filtration system that removes even the dissolved impurities. RO is required if the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) exceeds a certain value. A problem with RO is, it needs a lot of water. It divides the input water in two parts, and forces the dissolved solids out from one part in to other. Thus, the output comprises two streams of water – a “clean” stream with low TDS and cleaned of other impurities too. Granular Activated Carbon is a well-established technology for the reduction of a wide range of aesthetic contaminants such as TDS and is quite effective in the reduction of some health contaminants such as volatile organic compounds (benzene,

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trichloroethylene, and other "petroleum"-based contaminants. Distillation is a process of separating the component substances from a liquid mixture by selective evaporation and condensation. Distilled water is still used to convert sea water to drinking water on ships and in arid parts of the world, and to treat water in other areas that is fouled by natural and unnatural contaminants. Distillation is perhaps the one water treatment technology that most completely reduces the widest range of drinking water contaminants. Deionization (DI) is a water filtration process whereby total dissolved solids (TDS) are removed from water through ion exchange. In simple terms, by controlling the electric charge of ions in the water, it is possible to remove the TDS. Much like a positively charged magnet will attract a negatively charged magnet (and vice-versa), DI resins attract non-water ions and replace them with water ions, leaving a more pure water form. The process of deionization uses two resins that are opposite in charges – the cationic (negative) and the anionic (positive). The cationic resin is typically made from styrene containing negatively charged sulfonic acid groups, and will be pre-charged with hydrogen ions. This resin will attract the positively charged ions in the water (Ca++, Mg++, Na+, etc.) and releases an equivalent amount of hydrogen (H+) ions.

72. (c)

73. (a)

74. (c)

75. (b)

Explanation: If you can spend money very easily without any cost to spend, it is more liquid. Money at hand can be spent without any cost but money deposited in bank involves some cost if you want to spend. Either you have to go to bank or ATM. It involves some effort on our part: we have to go to bank or ATM and we have to stand in queue some times. The time and energy we spend is called real cost. So the money at bank is less liquid than money at hand.

76. (b)

Explanation: Ellora caves: Total no of caves-71. Built around 8th century AD. Cave 16 was made as a temple for

kailasanatha. o Pillars had received dexterity of

artistic and descriptive in nature.

77. (b)

Explanation: Bio-fuels are renewable liquid fuels derived from biological materials by a number of chemical / biological processes. There are three categories of raw-materials used for the production of ethanol: - Sugar based – sugar cane, sugar

beet, sweet sorghum etc. Starch based – all types of grains

including wheat, rice, corn, barley, malt etc. and tubers such as potatoes and cassava etc.

Cellulose based – agro-waste, agro-residues, bagasse, rice-husk, straw etc.

78. (b) 79. (d) 80. (b)

Explanation Statement 1 is wrong as it is President and not Parliament under Art 338(2) Statement 2 is correct as per Art 338(10)

81. (b)

Explanation: Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for all life forms, and is the eleventh-most abundant mineral in the earth's crust. In surface waters, phosphorus is usually present as phosphate (PO4-). Phosphorus typically functions as the "growth-limiting" factor because it is usually present in very low concentrations. Generally, phosphorus is the limiting nutrient in freshwater aquatic systems. The marine food chain is based on photosynthesis by marine phytoplankton that combine carbon with inorganic

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nutrients to produce organic matter. Production is limited by the availability of nutrients, most commonly nitrogen or iron. Numerous experiments have demonstrated how iron fertilization can increase phytoplankton productivity. Nitrogen is a limiting nutrient over much of the ocean and can be supplied from various sources, including fixation by cyanobacteria.

82. (d)

Explanation: Mamulanar flourished about the second or

third century AD. He mentions about the wealth of Nandas

and about the southern invasions of Mauryas.

83. (d) Explanation: Turkey is bordered by eight countries:

Syria and Iraq to the south; Iran, Armenia, and the Azerbaijan

exclave of Nakhchivan to the east; Georgia to the northeast; Bulgaria to the northwest; and

Greece to the west. The Black Sea is to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west.

84. (c) Explanation: There is no distinction between the expenditure on the plan and non plan account in the constitution. The budgetary classification of planned and non planned expenditure was because of the introduction of centralized planning.

85. (b) Explanation: Statement 2: they are called so because of their burial practice of placing stones around the grave.

86. (b)

Explanation: Economic growth doesn’t always bring development as is evident from various countries, especially emerging economies including India.

87. (b)

Explanation: The "co-operative societies" is a subject enumerated in Entry 32 of the State List of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution and the State Legislatures have accordingly enacted legislations on co-operative societies. Within the framework of State Acts, growth of co-operatives on large scale was envisaged as part of the efforts for securing social and economic justice and equitable distribution of the fruits of development.

88. (d)

Explanation: It can be defined as the amount of heat liberated in KJ or Kcal by the complete combustion of 1 Kg of fuel.

Natural gas 12500 kcal/kg

Propane-butane 11950 kcal/kg

Disel 10000 kcal/kg

Fuel oil 9520 kcal/kg

Brown coal 3500 kcal/kg

Woods 2500 kcal/kg

Electricity 860 kcal/kWh

89. (c)

Explanation: Passes in different States of India: Passes in J&k other than in POK. 1. Zojila pass(between kashmir &Ladakh) 2. Zaskar pass (it lies on the dividing line between the Great Himalayan and Zaskar ranges) 3. Banihal pass (Kashmir & Jammu) 4. Pir panjal pass (kashmir and Rajauri) 5. Sach pass (In Chamba District, Himachal Pradesh, India on the Pir Panjal Range of the Himalayas) Some important Passes in Himachal Pradesh. 1. Bara Lacha La (in H.P.) 2. Shipkila (Between H.P. & China) and river Sutlej originates here. 3.Rohtang Important passes in Skimm: 1. Nathula pass (Between Skimm and Tibet). 2. Jelep La (Between Skimm and Bhutan). Some important passes in Uttrakhand : All the passes below are between Uttrakhand & China.

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1. Niti pass. 2. Mana pass. 3. Tsang pass. 4. Darma pass. 5. Lipu Lekh pass. 6. Lampiya Dhura pass. 7. Thanga La.

90. (c)

Explanation: The Second Plan, a landmark contribution to development planning in general, laid down the basic ideas regarding goals of Indian planning; this plan was based on the ideas of Mahalanobis. In that sense, he can be regarded as the architect of Indian planning.

91. (a)

Explanation: Over millennia, birds have evolved different migration patterns, timing and destinations to disperse around the world to breed. This helps birds take advantage of a wide variety of suitable conditions to raise their young, increasing the chances of healthy, viable offspring. The best breeding conditions can vary for every bird species, and may involve many factors. Specific food sources, habitats that provide adequate shelter and breeding colonies that offer greater protection than a single pair of bird parents are all important for breeding dispersal.

92. (b)

93. (a)

94. (b) 95. (a)

Explanation: Article 261(1). Full faith and credit shall be given throughout the territory of India to public acts, records and judicial proceedings of the Union and of every State. (2) The manner in which and the conditions under which the acts, records and proceedings referred to in clause (1) shall be proved and the effect thereof determined shall be as provided by law made by Parliament

3) Final judgments or orders delivered or passed by civil courts in any part of the territory of India shall be capable of execution anywhere within that territory according to law

96. (a)

Dams in India

Dams In India

Name of Dam State River

Pandoh Dam

Himachal Pradesh

Beas River

Bhakra Nangal Dam

Himachal Pradesh and Punjab Border

Sutlej River

Nathpa Jhakri Dam

Himachal Pradesh

Satluj River

Chamera Dam

Himachal Pradesh

Ravi River

Baglihar Dam

Jammu and Kashmir

Chenab River

Dumkhar Hydroelectric Dam

Jammu and Kashmir

Indus River

Uri Hydroelectric Dam

Jammu and Kashmir

Jhelum River

Reservoir in India

Gobind Sagar Reservoir

Himachal Pradesh

Sutlej River

Maharana Pratap Sagar Reservoir

Himachal Pradesh

Pong Dam Lake

Salal Project Jammu and Kashmir

Chenab River

97. (a)

Explanation: It is LEAST CONCERNED in IUCN List

98. (b)

Explanation: Finance minister is the chairman if Tax Policy Council

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_court

http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/dams/pandoh-dam.html

http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/dams/bhakra-nangal-dam.html

http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/dams/bhakra-nangal-dam.html

http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/dams/nathpa-jhakri-dam.html

http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/dams/nathpa-jhakri-dam.html

http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/dams/chamera-dam.html

http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/dams/baglihar-dam.html

http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/dams/dumkhar-hydroelectric-dam.html



http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/dams/uri-hydroelectric-dam.html

http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/dams/uri-hydroelectric-dam.html

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Government sets-up Tax Policy Research Unit and Tax Policy Council to bring consistency, multidisciplinary inputs, and coherence in Tax Policy The Tax Administration Reform Commission (TARC) have in their First Report, identified handling of tax policy and related legislation as one of the areas which needs structural modifications. Observing that currently, this is handled in the two Boards i.e. CBDT and CBEC, independently in the Tax Research Unit (TRU) and Tax Policy and Legislation (TPL) wings, the proposals of the Boards reach the Finance Minister in separate channels. To bring consistency, multidisciplinary inputs, and coherence in policy making, TARC has recommended that a Tax Council supported by a common Tax Policy and Analysis (TPA) unit should be established to cater to needs of both direct and indirect taxes. Comprising tax administrators, economists, and other specialists such as statisticians, tax law experts, operation research specialists and social researchers should be set-up for both the Boards. Considering the above, the Government has created a Tax Policy Research Unit (TPRU) and Tax Policy Council. Details are given below. TAX POLICY RESEARCH UNIT (TPRU)

The Tax Policy Research Unit (TPRU) will be a multi disciplinary body with the following objectives:- (i) Carry-out studies on various topics of fiscal and tax policies referred to it by CBDT and CBEC and will provide independent analysis on such topics; (ii) Will also prepare and disseminate policy papers and background papers on various tax policy issues; (iii) Will assist Tax Policy Council chaired by FM in taking appropriate tax policy decisions; and (iv) Liaise with State Commercial Tax Departments. For this purpose the TPRU may also interact with various research institutions, wherever necessary. The TPRU will prepare for every tax proposal an analysis covering the following three points:-

The legislative intent behind the proposal, i.e., why this proposal is being framed and what is the policy objective.

Expected increase or decrease in tax collection through the proposal; and

The likely economic impact (positive or negative) through the proposal (other than the effect on tax collection)

Tax Policy Research Unit (TPRU) shall comprise of officers from both the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) and Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC) as well as economists, statisticians, operational researchers, legal experts. Member (L&V), CBDT and Member (Budget), CBEC will be the link officer between TPRU and CBDT and CBEC. The unit will be headed by an officer of the level of Chief Commissioner at functional level alternatively from CBDT and CBEC for a fixed tenure, who will directly report to Revenue Secretary. TAX POLICY COUNCIL With an aim to have a consistent and coherent approach to the issue of tax policy and having regard for need to have an interdisciplinary approach , a Tax Policy Council under the Union Finance Minister with 9 other members as given below is constituted; 1 Finance Minister Chairman 2 MOS (F) Member 3 Dy Chairman, NITI Aayog Member 4 MOS (I/C) Commerce and Industry Member 5 Finance Secretary Member 6 Secretary, DEA Member 7 Revenue Secretary Member 8 Secretary, Commerce Member 9 Secretary, DIPP Member 10 Chief Economic Advisor to FM Member The Chairman, CBDT and Chairman, CBEC shall be special invitees. The Tax Policy Council will look at all the research findings coming from Tax Policy Research (TPRU) Unit and suggest broad policy measures for taxation. The Council will be advisory in nature, which will help the Government in identifying key policy decisions for taxation.

99. (c)

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100. (d)

Explanation: The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a legally binding multilateral environmental agreement that has 194 contracting Parties (Countries) as its members with three objectives – conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of the diversity and ensuring fair and equitable sharing of benefits of such use. It has entered into force on 29th December 1993. There is no requirement under the legislation for seeking permission for carrying out research, if it is carried out in India by Indians, as well as under collaborative research projects that have been drawn within the overall policy guidelines formulated by the Central Government vide notification S.O.1911(E) of Government of India. The only situations that would require permission of the National Biodiversity Authority( NBA) are: (i) when the results of any research which has made use of the country's biodiversity is sought to be commercialized, (ii) when the results of research are shared with a foreigner or foreign institution, and (iii) when a foreign institution/individual wants access to the country's biodiversity for undertaking research and (iv) when any intellectual property protection is sought on Indian biological resources.

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