Smart Grid Interoperability Use Cases for Electricity ... · Smart Grid Interoperability Use Cases for Electricity Storage Modeling within the IEC Common Information Model Nigel Hargreaves

Smart Grid Interoperability Use Cases

for Electricity Storage Modeling within

the IEC Common Information Model

Nigel Hargreaves

1

CIM Users Group 23rd October 2012, New Orleans

2

Overview – 2 parts

• Potential future smart grid operational vision

• Use cases & EES characterisation

• Current IEC 61970-301 energy storage

architecture

• Proposed CIM energy storage model extension

• Energy security

• Conclusions & Further work

3

Two themes to consider

• Does the emerging reality of ‘non-pumped’,

grid-scale electrical energy storage now

warrant CIM extension?

• Is storage modeling another reason for CIM

domain extension to further address the

hydrocarbon domain?

4

Operating future smart grids R

isk

Time ahead (hr)

0 1 2 3 4 24

Environment

Security

Demand

Generation

Networks

Market price

Operating

envelope

State

determination

Optimisation streams

with range boundaries

Interconnectors

5

Storage in future balancing operations B

ala

ncin

g O

pera

tional R

ange

Time ahead (mins) 0 1 2 3 4 30

Balancing

operational

envelope

Dem

and

Forecast

demand

range

Actual

demand

Probable

demand

Operating

position

+1 Time past (mins)

Influence

of storage

6

Principal technology characterisation Energy

Capacity

MWh

Power capacity MW

Seconds to Minutes

CAES

Battery

Minutes to Hours

Pumped

Hydro

Hours to Days

~20000

~7000

~200

~0.1

~2000 ~300 ~30 ~0.1 Fast response/Flywheel

Scheduled Energy

Scheduled Power

7

EES use cases - S

tora

ge t

ime (

min

)

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

100ms

1s

1m

1h

10h

10kW 100kW 1MW 10MW 100MW Storage power requirements for power utility applications

Variable energy management

Commodity storage

Customer energy

management

Power quality and reliability

Transmission

system

stability

Ref: ITM Power, Energy Storage Technologies

Sto

rage t

ime

Arbitrage

Rapid

reserve Distribution area

control & frequency

response

Voltage

regulation

Regulating Reserve Ancilliary Services

8

Principal technology marketisation

9

Grid-scale connections, present & future

Highview, Slough, UK

Liquid air

100kW, 300kWh

20MW, 100MWh planned

Beacon Power

Stephentown, NY, July 21, 2011

20MW

AES/PJM Laurel Mountain

West Virginia

Li-ion battery – 32MW

S&C Power System Services

Blufton, Ohio

NaS battery, 2MW, 12 MWh

Isentropic, WPD, UK

PHES

1.5MW, 6MWh

Rubenius, Mexicali

Li-ion battery

1GW, 4GWh

Announced ?

10

Energy storage systems take aways

Rosario Carbone, 2011 – Energy Storage in the Emerging Era of Smart Grids

• ESS are essential to higher levels of variable energy integration

• The renewable energy mix drives the type and capacity of reversible storage

• Increasing amounts of renewables and storage require coordinated operation

• Large hydro schemes can reduce the need for other reversible storage solutions

Imperial College, London, 2012 – Strategic Assessment of ESS in the UK

• Potential system savings increase as system decarbonises

• Can reduce generation investment cost

• Can offset the need for interconnection and transmission investment

• Distributed storage can reduce the need for distribution network reinforcement

11

Drivers for new storage model

• Decarbonisation & Energy Security

• Scheduled energy (despatchable generation,

outage support)

• Regulating reserve (voltage and frequency

control, power quality)

• Arbitrage (load-shifting, demand support)

• Stockpile and reserve modeling

12

Current IEC 61970 architecture

Equivalents

Protection

SCADA

Generation

OutageLoadModel

Topology

Meas

Wi r es

Domain

Core

IEC61970CIMVersion

+ date :Date [0..1] = 2011-08-10 {readOnly}

+ version :String [0..1] = IEC61970CIM15v32 {readOnly}

OperationalLimits

ControlArea

GenerationDynamics

(from Generation)

Production

(from Generation)

Contingency

AuxiliaryEquipment

Sta teVar ia bles

DiagramLayout

Energy Storage

Current storage

model contained in

“Production” package

- Only addresses

pumped hydro and air

Proposed storage

model contained in

“Energy Storage”

package

13

Current IEC 61970 storage architecture

Pumped hydro

CAES

CIM15v33

14

Current & proposed ES integration

HydroPump SynchronousMachine GeneratingUnit Core::Equipment

HydroPowerPlant HydroGeneratingUnit

Operates as load and generator

Core::PowerSystemResource CIM15v33

Aggregated

storage

technologies

ESChargingUnit ESRegulatingUnit ESGeneratingUnit

EnergyStoragePlant EnergyStorageUnit

Operates as load and generator

EES Extension

15

Proposed storage model composition

BasicIntervalSchedule

Core::

RegularIntervalSchedule

BatteryType

- BatteryTecnology :BatteryTechnology

Production::

FossilFuelEnergyStoragePlant

Flywheel

- SpinSpeed :RotationSpeed

Core::IdentifiedObject

+ aliasName :String [0..1]

+ mRID :String [0..1]

+ name :String [0..1]

Core::

PowerSystemResource

Core::Equipment

FuelStore

+ StockPile :Volume

ESChargingSchedule

ESDischargeOpCostCurve

Core::Curve

Production::GeneratingUnit

ESChargeOpCostCurve

ESDischargeSchedule

ESGeneratingUnitESChargingUnit

EnergyStorageUnit

ESLevelSchedule

BatteryDischargeCurve BatteryChargeCurve FlywheelDischargeCurve FlywheelChargeCurve

ESRegulatingUnit

ConductingEquipment

Wires::

RegulatingCondEq

+FossilFuel 1

+FuelStore 1..*

+Batter yChargeCurve0..1

+BatteryType 1

+FlywheelChargeCurve 0..1

+Flywheel 1

+FlywheelDischargeCurve 0..1

+Flywheel 1

+ESGeneratingUnits 1..*

+ESPlant 1

+ESChargingUnits1..*

+ESPlant 0..1

+BatteryDischargeCurve 0..1

+BatteryType 1

+ESDischargeOpCostCurve 0..*

+ESGeneratingUnit1

+ESChargingUnit

1

+ESRegulatingUnit

0..1

+ESGeneratingUnit

1

+ESRegulatingUnit

0..1

+ESPlant 0..1

+ESUnits 1..*

+Batteries 1..*

+ESUnits 0..1

+ESLevelSchedule0..1

+ESUnit 1

+FuelStore

1..*

+ESUnit 0..1

+Flywheels 1..*

+ESUnits 0..1

+ESChargeOpCostCurves 0..*

+ESChargingUnit 1

+ESDischargeSchedule 0..1

+ESGeneratingUnit 1

+ESChargingSchedule 0..1

+ESChargingUnit 1

Abstract class objects

Concrete class objects

16

Scheduling


Core::


BatteryType


Production::


Flywheel






Core::

PowerSystemResource

Core::Equipment

FuelStore

+ StockPile :Volume

ESChargingSchedule


Core::Curve


ESChargeOpCostCurve

ESDischargeSchedule


EnergyStorageUnit

ESLevelSchedule


ESRegulatingUnit

ConductingEquipment

Wires::

RegulatingCondEq

+FossilFuel 1

+FuelStore 1..*


+BatteryType 1


+Flywheel 1


+Flywheel 1


+ESPlant 1


+ESPlant 0..1


+BatteryType 1


+ESGeneratingUnit1

+ESChargingUnit

1

+ESRegulatingUnit

0..1

+ESGeneratingUnit

1

+ESRegulatingUnit

0..1

+ESPlant 0..1

+ESUnits 1..*

+Batteries 1..*

+ESUnits 0..1


+ESUnit 1

+FuelStore

1..*

+ESUnit 0..1

+Flywheels 1..*

+ESUnits 0..1


+ESChargingUnit 1


+ESGeneratingUnit 1


+ESChargingUnit 1

Energy scheduling

Level scheduling

17

Operating cost curves


Core::


BatteryType


Production::


Flywheel






Core::

PowerSystemResource

Core::Equipment

FuelStore

+ StockPile :Volume

ESChargingSchedule


Core::Curve


ESChargeOpCostCurve

ESDischargeSchedule


EnergyStorageUnit

ESLevelSchedule


ESRegulatingUnit

ConductingEquipment

Wires::

RegulatingCondEq

+FossilFuel 1

+FuelStore 1..*


+BatteryType 1


+Flywheel 1


+Flywheel 1


+ESPlant 1


+ESPlant 0..1


+BatteryType 1


+ESGeneratingUnit1

+ESChargingUnit

1

+ESRegulatingUnit

0..1

+ESGeneratingUnit

1

+ESRegulatingUnit

0..1

+ESPlant 0..1

+ESUnits 1..*

+Batteries 1..*

+ESUnits 0..1


+ESUnit 1

+FuelStore

1..*

+ESUnit 0..1

+Flywheels 1..*

+ESUnits 0..1


+ESChargingUnit 1


+ESGeneratingUnit 1


+ESChargingUnit 1

Charge Discharge

18

Operational mode characterisation


Core::


BatteryType


Production::


Flywheel






Core::

PowerSystemResource

Core::Equipment

FuelStore

+ StockPile :Volume

ESChargingSchedule


Core::Curve


ESChargeOpCostCurve

ESDischargeSchedule


EnergyStorageUnit

ESLevelSchedule


ESRegulatingUnit

ConductingEquipment

Wires::

RegulatingCondEq

+FossilFuel 1

+FuelStore 1..*


+BatteryType 1


+Flywheel 1


+Flywheel 1


+ESPlant 1


+ESPlant 0..1


+BatteryType 1


+ESGeneratingUnit1

+ESChargingUnit

1

+ESRegulatingUnit

0..1

+ESGeneratingUnit

1

+ESRegulatingUnit

0..1

+ESPlant 0..1

+ESUnits 1..*

+Batteries 1..*

+ESUnits 0..1


+ESUnit 1

+FuelStore

1..*

+ESUnit 0..1

+Flywheels 1..*

+ESUnits 0..1


+ESChargingUnit 1


+ESGeneratingUnit 1


+ESChargingUnit 1

Charging Regulating Generating

19

Power system resources


Core::


BatteryType


Production::


Flywheel






Core::

PowerSystemResource

Core::Equipment

FuelStore

+ StockPile :Volume

ESChargingSchedule


Core::Curve


ESChargeOpCostCurve

ESDischargeSchedule


EnergyStorageUnit

ESLevelSchedule


ESRegulatingUnit

ConductingEquipment

Wires::

RegulatingCondEq

+FossilFuel 1

+FuelStore 1..*


+BatteryType 1


+Flywheel 1


+Flywheel 1


+ESPlant 1


+ESPlant 0..1


+BatteryType 1


+ESGeneratingUnit1

+ESChargingUnit

1

+ESRegulatingUnit

0..1

+ESGeneratingUnit

1

+ESRegulatingUnit

0..1

+ESPlant 0..1

+ESUnits 1..*

+Batteries 1..*

+ESUnits 0..1


+ESUnit 1

+FuelStore

1..*

+ESUnit 0..1

+Flywheels 1..*

+ESUnits 0..1


+ESChargingUnit 1


+ESGeneratingUnit 1


+ESChargingUnit 1

Equipment ‘container’

Bi-directional ‘switch’

20

Technologies


Core::


BatteryType


Production::


Flywheel






Core::

PowerSystemResource

Core::Equipment

FuelStore

+ StockPile :Volume

ESChargingSchedule


Core::Curve


ESChargeOpCostCurve

ESDischargeSchedule


EnergyStorageUnit

ESLevelSchedule


ESRegulatingUnit

ConductingEquipment

Wires::

RegulatingCondEq

+FossilFuel 1

+FuelStore 1..*


+BatteryType 1


+Flywheel 1


+Flywheel 1


+ESPlant 1


+ESPlant 0..1


+BatteryType 1


+ESGeneratingUnit1

+ESChargingUnit

1

+ESRegulatingUnit

0..1

+ESGeneratingUnit

1

+ESRegulatingUnit

0..1

+ESPlant 0..1

+ESUnits 1..*

+Batteries 1..*

+ESUnits 0..1


+ESUnit 1

+FuelStore

1..*

+ESUnit 0..1

+Flywheels 1..*

+ESUnits 0..1


+ESChargingUnit 1


+ESGeneratingUnit 1


+ESChargingUnit 1

Technology curves

Equipment technology

21

Energy stores (security)


Core::


BatteryType


Production::


Flywheel






Core::

PowerSystemResource

Core::Equipment

FuelStore

+ StockPile :Volume

ESChargingSchedule


Core::Curve


ESChargeOpCostCurve

ESDischargeSchedule


EnergyStorageUnit

ESLevelSchedule


ESRegulatingUnit

ConductingEquipment

Wires::

RegulatingCondEq

+FossilFuel 1

+FuelStore 1..*


+BatteryType 1


+Flywheel 1


+Flywheel 1


+ESPlant 1


+ESPlant 0..1


+BatteryType 1


+ESGeneratingUnit1

+ESChargingUnit

1

+ESRegulatingUnit

0..1

+ESGeneratingUnit

1

+ESRegulatingUnit

0..1

+ESPlant 0..1

+ESUnits 1..*

+Batteries 1..*

+ESUnits 0..1


+ESUnit 1

+FuelStore

1..*

+ESUnit 0..1

+Flywheels 1..*

+ESUnits 0..1


+ESChargingUnit 1


+ESGeneratingUnit 1


+ESChargingUnit 1

Fuel Store

(depots, reserves, unrecovered)

22

New class extensions 11 New Classes Function

EnergyStorageUnit Equipment container for different ES technologies

EnergyStoragePlant Determines ES technology mode of operation

ESGeneratingUnit ESChargingUnit ESRegulatingUnit

Modes of operation

ESChargeSchedule ESDischargeSchedule

Manages scheduled ES use cases under RegularIntervalSchedule

ESLevelSchedule Helps determine the operational status of a given technology

ESChargeOpCostCurve ESDischargeOpCostCurve

Cost curves provide data for ES operational optimisations

FuelStore +StockPile

Aggregates stock-piled energy and fuel reserve resources

Sub-classes would also be required to identify and control ES technologies

23

CIM scope as energy domain model?

• Why limit to decarbonisation use case?

• Energy security includes energy storage

• Energy resource model looks at reserves

• “FuelStore” class addresses fuel stockpiles

• Is this a ‘bridge’ to gas model extension?

24

Conclusions & Further work

• ES model looks to smart grid energy modeling

needs

• Proposed extension supports class re-use

• Integrates with existing CIM architecture

• Determine attributes & enumeration classes

• Definition of use cases to IEC 62559

• Harmonisation with other IEC standards &

TCs (IEC 61427-2; new IEC EESS TC)

25

Thank you for you attention

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

Smart Grid Interoperability Use Cases for Electricity ... · Smart Grid Interoperability Use Cases for Electricity Storage Modeling within the IEC Common Information Model Nigel Hargreaves