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> | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

Xanrt Lr`i Ymhgdoeol`ms@d @di`ndZmrspmht`vms

Na`t X`dlg ;C>>/MM/::7Ndurnl Nryn ;C>>/MM/:>2Kgot`c X`dlg ;C>>/MM/:8:

Impnrtamdt ob Memhtr`hne Mdl`dmmr`dl

Imeg` Ymhgdoeol`hne ]d`vmrs`ty

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; | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

YNKEM OB HODYMDYX

>$ E`st ob B`lurms8;$ @dtroiuht`od$$$$$$$$$$$ 98$ [memvndhm ob Xanrt Lr`i to tgm @di`nd Zowmr Xmhtor:

=$> @dtmlrntmi Hoaaud`hnt`ods$$>:=$>$> Zrma`sms Dmtworc$$$>9=$>$; Dm`lgkorgooi Nrmn Dmtworc>9=$>$8 \`im Nrmn Dmtworc$>=

=$; Xmds`dl ndi Amnsurmamdts$>2=$;$> Memhtr`h Lr`i Aod`tor`dl$$>2=$;$; Memhtroanldmt`h Xmdsors$>2=$;$8 Knttmry Aod`tor`dl Xystmas$>7

=$8 Lr`i Opt`a`znt`od$$;>=$8$> Ygm Boudint`od ob Lr`i Opt`a`znt`od$;;=$8$; Ygm Buturm$$;8

=$9 Nutodoaous Imandi X`im Andnlmamdt$$$;8=$9$> Nppronhgms to Imandi X`im Andnlmamdt$$$;9=$9$; Nutodoaous Imandi X`im Andnlmamdt$$$;==$9$8 Opt`ane Mdmrly Hodsuapt`od Xhgmiue`dl$$$;=

2$ Hodheus`od$$$;

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8 | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

E@XY OB B@L][MX

>$ @dborant`vm i`nlrna ob tgm Xanrt Lr`i$$2;$ Bume w`sm mdmrly lmdmrnt`od `d @di`n$$$78$ Nd ovmrv`mw ob tgm Xanrt Lr`i$09$ Ygm Enymr Xtruhturm ob Xanrt Lr`i$$>;=$ Ygm hoaaud`hnt`ods Enymr$$>82$ [ndlm vs$ Intn [ntm rmprmsmdtnt`od ob vnr`ous pnrts ob hoaaud`hnt`od enymr>970$ ZA] budht`od$>0>:$Xanrt Amtmr w`tg MHX$$;=

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9 | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

@dtroiuht`od

N Xanrt Lr`i hnd km imb`dmi ns nd `dtmrhoddmhtmi systma ob `dborant`od% Hoaaud`hnt`od

tmhgdoeol`ms ndi hodtroe systmas usmi to `dtmrnht w`tg Nutoant`od ndi kus`dmss prohmssms

nhross tgm mdt`rm powmr smhtor mdhoapnss`dl memhtr`h`ty lmdmrnt`od% trndsa`ss`od% i`str`kut`od

ndi tgm hodsuamr$ Ygm `imn ob n Xanrt Lr`i `s to ancm tgm mx`st`dl lr`i `dbrnstruhturm ns

mbb`h`mdt ndi rokust ns poss`kem% tgroulg tgm usm ob `dtmee`lmdhm ndi nutoant`od% ky mdhournl`dl

nht`vm suppey ndi imandi!s`im pnrt`h`pnt`od ndi ky proaot`dl `ddovnt`vm kus`dmss prnht`hms

ndi rmluentory mdv`rodamdts tgnt prov`im `dhmdt`vms bor mbb`h`mdt proiuht`od% trndsa`ss`od%

i`str`kut`od ndi hodsuapt`od ob memhtr`h`ty nhross tgm mdt`rm vneum hgn`d$

Ygm cmy okfmht`vms bor imvmeop`dl ndi impeoy`dl sanrt lr`i tmhgdoeol`ms nrm ns boeeows6

>$ Yo `aprovm mbb`h`mdhy ndi mhodoay `d mdmrly hodvmrs`od% trndsa`ss`od% i`str`kut`od%stornlm ndi ut`e`znt`od$

;$ Yo mdgndhm smhur`ty ndi snbmty `d systma opmrnt`od ky `dhrmns`dl tgm oksmrvnk`e`ty ndihodtroeenk`e`ty ob tgm powmr lr`i$

8$ Yo `aprovm tgm rme`nk`e`ty ndi nvn`enk`e`ty ob tgm powmr suppey to tgm hodsuamrs$9$ Yo mdnkem ndi proaotm tgm `dtmlrnt`od ndi ut`e`znt`od ob rmdmwnkem ndi sustn`dnkem

mdmrl`ms$

=$ Yo mdnkem ndi bnh`e`tntm imandi s`im pnrt`h`pnt`od to `dhrmnsm nssmt ut`e`znt`od ndirmturd od dvmstamdt$

2$ Yo an`dtn`d ndi `aprovm tgm qune`ty ob powmr ime`vmry to `dhrmns`dl sgnrm ob i`l`tneeonis$

Xanrt Lr`is rmey od andy nivndhmi nppe`hnt`ods to ime`vmr kmdmb`ts to tgm hustoamrs% lr`i

opmrntors ndi otgmr soh`mtne stncmgoeimrs$ Xoam nppe`hnt`ods or nppe`hnt`od nrmns tgnt nrm

hods`imrmi horm bor Xanrt Lr`i nrm6

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= | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

>$ Roet ndi RN[ hodtroe;$ Bnuet imtmht`od% soent`od ndi rmstornt`od 'BI@[)8$ Imandi rmspodsm 'I[) andnlmamdt9$ I`str`kutmi mdmrly rmsourhm 'IM[) dtmlrnt`od ndi andnlmamdt$=$ \`im nrmn aod`tor`dl% protmht`od ndi hodtroe '\NAZH)

Ygm b`rst tgrmm nppe`hnt`ods nrm bor memhtr`h i`str`kut`od systmas% wg`hg nrm ami`ua voetnlm

dmtworcs tgnt i`str`kutm memhtr`h powmr nt typ`hneey 88CR or kmeow broa tgm i`str`kut`od suk!

stnt`od to tgm smrv`hm trndsboramrs nt hustoamr s`tms$ Yrni`t`odneey% tgm emvme ob `dstruamdtnt`od

ndi nutoant`od od tgm i`str`kut`od systmas `s eow% `d hodtrnst w`tg g`lg voetnlm kuec powmr

trndsa`ss`od systmas$ Ygm woreiw`im `d`t`nt`vms townris Xanrt Lr`i nrm penh`dl n anfor bohus

od tgm i`str`kut`od systma nutoant`od ium to tgm bnht tgnt i`str`kut`od systmas rmprmsmdt tgm

enst brodt`mr bor powmr systma aoimrd`znt`od$

Ygm i`str`kutmi mdmrly rmsourhm `dtmlrnt`od ndi andnlmamdt nppe`hnt`od `s nppe`hnkem to kotg

tgm i`str`kut`od ndi trndsa`ss`od systmas$ Nt tgm i`str`kut`od systma emvme% tgm i`str`kutmi

mdmrly rmsourhms nrm sanee shnem w`di lmdmrntors% hoaaud`ty mdmrly stornlms% hoaamrh`ne ndi

rms`imdt`ne ZR hmees% a`hro turk`dms% bume hmees ndi peul `d MRs$ Nt tgm trndsa`ss`od systma emvme%

i`str`kutmi mdmrly rmsourhms nrm tgm amln w`di bnras% soenr bnras% lmotgmrane powmr pendts

mth$

Hoeemht`vmey tgmsm nppe`hnt`ods niirmss tgm cmy okfmht`vms ob Xanrt Lr`i% w`tg rmspmht to mdmrly

mbb`h`mdhy% smrv`hm rme`nk`e`ty% hodsuamr pnrt`h`pnt`od ndi sustn`dnk`e`ty$ RRH n`as to rmiuhm tgm

mdmrly eoss ndi andnlm pmnc imandi od tgm i`str`kut`od systma$ BI@[ andnlms tgm imtmht`od%

`soent`od ndi rmstornt`od ob powmr to nbbmhtmi hustoamrs nbtmr tgm ohhurrmdhm ob bnuets od tgm

systma so ns to a`d`a`zm tgm `dtmrrupt`od ob smrv`hm to hustoamrs$ I[ ndi IM[ andnlmamdt

andnlms tgm i`spnthg ob imandi rmspodsm ndi i`str`kutmi mdmrly rmsourhms to rmiuhm tgm

powmr imandi iur`dl pmnc gours ndi/or sg`bt soam ob tgm imandi to gours ob tgm iny wgmd

tgm imandi `s eow% tgus `aprov`dl tgm eoni bnhtor ob trndsa`ss`od ndi i`str`kut`od nssmts$ Ygm

\NAZH `s nd nppe`hnt`od bor tgm kuec trndsa`ss`od lr`i tgnt `aprovms tgm s`tunt`odne nwnrmdmss

ob tgmm powmr systma opmrntors ndi prov`ims systma w`im protmht`od% `d hodtrnst to imv`hm or

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2 | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

hoapodmdt protmht`od% tgroulg bnst nht`dl hodtroes% to an`dtn`d `dtmlr`ty ob tgm systma ndi

rmiuhm tgm r`sc ob enrlm shnem kenhcouts$S>Q

B`lurm >6 Nd `dborant`vm i`nlrna ob tgm Xanrt Lr`i

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< | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

[memvndhm ob Xanrt Lr`is to tgm @di`nd powmr smhtor

Ygm urlmdhy bor Xanrt Lr`is `d @di`n mamrlms broa tgm cmy hgneemdlms tgnt tgm `diustry `s

hurrmdtey bnh`dl$ @di`n opmrntms tgm 8ri enrlmst trndsa`ss`od ndi i`str`kut`od dmtworc `d tgm

worei% ymt bnhms n duakmr ob hgneemdlms suhg ns `dnimquntm nhhmss to memhtr`h`ty% suppey

sgortbnees 'pmnc ndi mdmrly)% gulm dmtworc eossms% poor qune`ty ndi rme`nk`e`ty ndi rnapndt%

tgmbt$ Ygm mvoeut`od townris Xanrt Lr`i wouei niirmss tgmsm `ssums ndi trndsbora tgm mx`st`dl

lr`i `dto n aorm mbb`h`mdt% rme`nkem% snbm ndi emss hodstrn`dmi lr`i tgnt wouei gmep prov`im nhhmss

to memhtr`h`ty to nee$

Xoam Cmy Zo`dts6

>$ @di`ns powmr dmmis nrm `dhrmns`dl mxpodmdt`neey$;$ @di`n lmdmrntms odey ;:=L\ ob powmr ndi tgm imandi `s mxpmhtmi to km 7::L\ ky

;:8=$

8$ Yrndsa`ss`od ndi i`str`kut`od eossms nrm nkout ;:!9=- S;Q9$ Zowmr sgortnlms iur`dl pmnc gours$=$ Ovmrirnw`dl broa tgm lr`i wg`hg any rmsuet `d lr`i bn`eurm2$ Zowmr outnlms ndi apropmr eoni sgmii`dl$

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7 | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

B`l;6 Bume w`sm mdmrly lmdmrnt`od `d @di`nS;Q

Xanrt lr`i tmhgdoeol`ms hnd provm hruh`ne `d nvmrt`dl powmr kenhcouts$ Ygm Fuey ;:>; kenhcout

wg`hg wns tgm enrlmst powmr outnlm `d g`story ndi nbbmhtmi ovmr 2;:adS8Q

pmopem houei gnvm

kmmd imtmhtmi ndi rm`dmi `d `b propmr bnuet imtmht`od ndi hodtroe amtgoioeol`ms gni kmmd

`dstneemi$

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;::8 ;::9 ;::= ;::2 ;::< ;::7 ;::0 ;:>:

Ygmrane Gyiro Duhemnr [MX Yotne

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0 | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

ORM[R@M\ OB XAN[Y L[@I

B`lurm 8 6 Nd ovmrv`mw ob tgm Xanrt Lr`i

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>: | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

Z`eenrs ob Xanrt Lr`i

Ygm boeeow`dl hodst`tutm tgm budinamdtne brnamworc od wg`hg Xanrt Lr`i `s knsmi6

>$ @dtmlrntmi hoaaud`hnt`ods;$ Xmds`dl ndi amnsurmamdt8$ Lr`i Opt`a`znt`od9$ Nutodoaous Imandi X`im Andnlmamdt

@DYML[NYMI HOAA]D@HNY@ODX

Netgoulg tgmrm nrm vnr`ous mx`st`dl w`rmi ndi w`rmemss hoaaud`hnt`ods stndinris tgnt hnd km

nppe`mi to Xanrt Lr`i% ims`ld ob tgm hoaaud`hnt`ods dmtworc nrhg`tmhturm ndi protohoes tgnt

hnd hnpturm tgm hgnrnhtmr`st`hs ndi ammt tgm spmh`b`h rmqu`rmamdts ob tgm Xanrt Lr`i `s hruh`ne

`d orimr to prov`im nd nbborinkem% rme`nkem ndi sustn`dnkem suppey ob memhtr`h`ty$ Hoapnrmi w`tg

i`l`tne intn% memhtr`h`ty gns tgm boeeow`dl hgnrnhtmr`st`hs tgnt hrmntm hgneemdlms bor tgm ims`ld ob

hoaaud`hnt`od dmtworcs bor tgm Xanrt Lr`iS9Q

6

>$ Memhtr`h`ty hnddot km mbbmht`vmey stormi od n enrlm shnem$ Yg`s `s tgm aost i`st`dlu`sg`dli`bbmrmdhm kmtwmmd memhtr`h`ty `d tgm Xanrt Lr`i dmtworcs ndi i`l`tne intn$ Ygmrm nrm do

anturm tmhgdoeol`ms tgnt hnd mbbmht`vmey storm enrlm naoudts ob memhtr`h`ty lmdmrntmi

kut dot km`dl usmi$

;$ Memhtr`h`ty `s aostey lmdmrntmi hmdtrneey ndi usmi eohneey$ Ygm lmdmrnt`od ob powmr `shodtroeemi hmdtrneey tgroulg shgmiue`dl lmdmrnt`od bor powmr stnt`ods ky tgm ut`e`t`ms$

Ygm hustoamrs nrm bueey i`str`kutmi$ Ygmrmborm% rout`dl opt`ods `d tgm dmtworc nrm

e`a`tmi ndi eodl i`stndhm trndsa`ss`od s hoaaod$

8$ Ygm qune`ty ob smrv`hm '^oX) `s tgm top pr`or`ty `d tgm Xanrt Lr`i$ ]de`cm tgm `dtmrdmt%wg`hg usms tgm kmst mbbort ime`vmry smrv`hm% ^oX `s hruh`ne `d orimr to snt`sby tgm imandi

ob tgm hodsuamrs nt ndy t`am `d tgm Xanrt Lr`i$ Ygm Xanrt Lr`i sgouei km hnpnkem ob

aod`tor`dl ndi bormhnst`dl tgm hodsuamrs pmnc imandi so tgnt powmr hnd km

shgmiuemi bor lmdmrnt`od% trndsa`ss`od ndi i`str`kut`od to ammt tgm imandi$

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>> | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

Ygm okfmht`vm ob tgm hoaaud`hnt`ods dmtworc `d sanrt lr`i `s to prov`im k`!i`rmht`odne mdi!

to!mdi hoaaud`hnt`ods kmtwmmd tgm ut`e`t`ms ndi tgm nppe`ndhms$ Ygm typ`hne rmqu`rmamdts

ob hoaaud`hnt`od dmtworcs `d tgm Xanrt Lr`i hnd km suaanr`zmi ns boeeowsS=%2Q

6

>$ [me`nk`e`ty6 Ygm dmtworcs aust km nkem to prov`im rme`nkem hoaaud`hnt`ods tgnt ho`dh`imw`tg or mxhmmi tgm rme`nk`e`ty ob tgm powmr lr`i `tsmeb$

;$ Xhnenk`e`ty6 Ygm dmtworcs nrm mxpmhtmi to enst imhnims ndi smrvm nd mvmr `dhrmns`dlduakmr ob gousmgoei nppe`ndhms$

8$ Nvn`enk`e`ty6 Zrotmht`od amhgnd`sas% rmiudindhy ndi bnuet toemrndhm w`tg smeb gmne`dlnk`e`t`ms aust mx`st to lunrndtmm n g`lg nvn`enk`e`ty$

9$ Xmhur`ty6 Ygm dmtworcs aust lunrndtmm mdi!to!mdi smhur`ty dheui`dl tgm hoapemtmpr`vnhy ob tgm dmtworcs broa udnutgor`zmi nhhmss ns wmee ns hodb`imdt`ne`ty ob

hoaaud`hnt`ods nhross tgm dmtworcs$

=$ Eow Entmdhy6 Ygm entmdhy rmqu`rmamdts bor soam Xanrt Lr`i nppe`hnt`ods nrm vmryimandi`dl 'm$l$ >:as bor tmem!protmht`od) wg`hg s bnr kmyodi tmemhoaaud`hnt`ods

nppe`hnt`ods 'm$l$ ;::as bor Ro@Z)$

2$ Gnri ^oX6 ^oX smrv`hms aust km prov`imi bor Xanrt Lr`i nppe`hnt`ods w`tg prmi`htnkementmdhy ndi eow mrror rntms$

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>; | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

B`lurm 96 Ygm Enymr Xtruhturm ob Xanrt Lr`iS2Q

Ygm Xanrt Lr`i `s i`v`imi `dto bour enymrs6

n$ Nppe`hnt`od Enymrk$ Hoaaud`hnt`ods Enymrh$ Zowmr Hodtroe Enymri$ Zowmr Xystma Enymr

Mnhg enymr `s n smt ob s`a`enr systmas tgnt prov`im smrv`hms ndi `dtmrbnhms to tgm enymr nkovm `t

ndi rmhm`vms smrv`hms broa tgm enymr kmeow `t$ ]dimr tgm nppe`hnt`ods enymr% tgmrm `s n two wny

mbb`h`mdt ndi smhurm dborant`od mxhgndlm prov`imi$

Ygm hoaaud`hnt`ods dmtworc `d tgm Xanrt Lr`i gns n g`mrnrhg`hne struhturm hods`st`dl ob tgm

prma`sms dmtworc 'GND% KND% @ND) % tgm dm`lgkorgooi nrmn dmtworc DND/ b`mei nrmn dmtworc

'BND) ndi w`im nrmn dmtworc dheui`dl tgm knhcgnue dmtworc% tgm horm dmtworc ndi amtro

dmtworc nhhori`dl to tgm`r rmnhg ndi budht`ods `d tgm Xanrt Lr`i$S

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>8 | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

B`lurm =6 Ygm hoaaud`hnt`ods EnymrS7Q

Nhhori`dl to vnr`ous stui`ms tgm hoaaud`hnt`ods dmtworc bor tgm Xanrt Lr`i sgouei km

pr`anr`ey @dtmrdmt Zrotohoe knsmi '@Z)$ Ygm a`lrnt`od to @Z kr`dls n duakmr ob kmdmb`ts to Xanrt

Lr`i `dheui`dl s`ape`b`mi systma nrhg`tmhturm ndi hodtroe% mdi to mdi v`s`k`e`ty%

`dtmropmrnk`e`ty w`tg i`bbmrmdt dmtworcs ndi support mx`st`dl @Z nppe`hnt`ods$ @Z stndinris hnd

smrvm ns tgm kns`s bor uppmr enymr nppe`hnt`ods% wg`hg mdnkems nppe`hnt`ods to km imvmeopmi

w`tgout impmdimdhm od n spmh`b`h intn e`dc enymr hoaaud`hnt`ods protohoe$ Yg`s lrmntey rmiuhms

tgm hoapemx`ty bor imvmeop`dl uppmr!enymr sanrt lr`i nppe`hnt`ods$ Burtgmraorm% @Z gns looi

dmtworc shnenk`e`ty$ Ndy sanrt amtmrs% gousm goei imv`hms ndi sanrt nppe`ndhms hnd km

hoddmhtmi to tgm dmtworc @Zv2 `s rmhoaamdimi to km usmi `d tgm Xanrt Lr`i% s`dhm tgm

niirmss`dl wouei km n prokema `b tgm shnem ob tgm Xanrt Lr`i dmtworc mxpndis bnst$ Netgoulg @Z

`s mxpmhtmi to km usmi `d sanrt lr`i% `t `s dmhmssnry to nssmss `b tgm dmtworc pmrborandhms ndi

smhur`ty ammt tgm rmqu`rmamdts ob tgm sanrt lr`i$

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>9 | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

B`lurm 26 [ndlm vs$ Intn [ntm rmprmsmdtnt`od ob vnr`ous pnrts ob hoaaud`hnt`od enymrS>Q

>$ Zrma`sms DmtworcYgm prma`sms dmtworc `s ob lrmnt s`ld`b`hndhm to tgm sanrt lr`i% s`dhm `t `s tgm mssmdt`ne

dmtworc imi`hntmi to nivndhmi amtmr`dl `dbrnstruhturm 'NA@) ndi imandi!s`im

andnlmamdt 'IXA) to rmne`zms mdmrly mbb`h`mdhy% imandi rmspodsm% ndi i`rmht eoni hodtroe$

Ygm prma`sms dmtworc hnd km burtgmr henss`b`mi `dto GND% KND ndi @ND impmdi`dl od

rms`imdt`ne% hoaamrh`ne ndi `diustr`ne mdv`rodamdt$ Ygmrmborm% tgm budht`ods bor prma`sms

dmtworcs vnry d i`bbmrmdt mdv`rodamdts$

Ygm prma`sms dmtworc `s hoddmhtmi to tgm sanrt lr`i v`n sanrt amtmrs% prov`i`dl mdmrly

andnlmamdt nk`e`t`ms bor tgm hodsuamrs ndi tgm ut`e`t`ms$ \`tg tgm prma`sms dmtworc mdmrly

hodsuamrs hnd andnlm mdmrly broa tgm imandi s`im $ Ygm prma`sms dmtworc neso supports

vnr`ous mdmrly smrv`hms bor tgm ut`e`t`ms suhg ns prmpn`i smrv`hm% usmr `dborant`od amssnl`dl%

rmne t`am pr`h`dl ndi hodtroe% eoni hodtroe ndi imandi rmspodsm$ Rnr`ous w`rmi ndi w`rmemss

hoaaud`hnt`od stndinris ndi protohoes any km usmi `d tgm prma`sms dmtworc m$l$ @Zv2%

V`lKmm% V \nvm% Goam Zeul% Mtgmrdmt mth$

;$ Dm`lgkorgooi Nrmn DmtworcYgm DND spnds n lrmntmr i`stndhm tgnd tgm prma`sms dmtworc% prov`i`dl hoaaud`hnt`ods

e`dcs bor sanrt amtmrs `d n dm`lgkorgooi nrmn$ @t hoddmhts smvmrne prma`sms dmtworcs w`tg`d

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>= | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

tgm dm`lgkorgooi nrmn v`n sanrt amtmrs nt tgm hustoamr prma`sms milms$Impmdi`dl od tgm

toem `d tgm ut`e`ty dmtworc% tgm DND hnd neso km hneemi BND or NA@$ Ygm DND kmhoams n BND

`b `t `s hoddmhtmi to b`mei imv`hms suhg ns `dtmee`lmdt memhtrod`h imv`hms '@MIs)$ @d tg`s% tgm BD `s

hoddmhtmi to tgm powmr i`str`kut`od dmtworc to support i`str`kut`od nutoant`od$

Netmrdnt`vmey tgm DND hnd s`apey km v`mwmi ns n amtmr`dl dmtworc tgnt `s n pnrt ob tgm NA@@

prov`i`dl smrv`hms suhg ns rmaotm amtmr rmni`dl% hodtroe ndi imtmht`od ob udnutgor`zmi

usnlm$ Ygm DND `s hoddmhtmi to tgm \ND us`dl n knhcgnue dmtworc wgmrm intn broa andy

DNDs nrm nllrmlntmi ndi trndsportmi kmtwmmd tgm DNDs ndi tgm \ND$

8$ \`im Nrmn DmtworcYgm \`im Nrmn Dmtworc `s tgm ut`e`tys mdi ob tgm dmtworc nrhg`tmhturm$ @t hods`sts ob tgm

horm/knhckodm dmtworc% tgm amtropoe`tnd nrmn dmtworc 'AND) ndi tgm knhcgnue dmtworc$

Ygm horm/knhckodm dmtworc hoddmhts tgm ut`e`ty knhckodm ndi sukstnt`ods hoaaodey us`dl

opt`hne b`kmrs% wg`hg hnd prov`im g`lg hnpnh`ty hoaaud`hnt`ods ndi a`d`ane entmdhy$ @t gns

tgrmm nhtors6 tgm memhtr`h ut`e`ty% smrv`hm prov`imrs ndi sanrt amtmrs$ @b \ND `s owdmi ky tgm

ut`e`ty hoapndy% tgm tmra knhckodm `s usmi% wg`em bor smrv`hm prov`imrs horm dmtworc `s

obtmd usmi$ Ygm knhcgnue dmtworc `s tgm e`dc kmtwmmd tgm \ND ndi tgm DND prov`i`dl

kronikndi hoddmht`v`ty to tgm DND$ @t `s neso hoddmhtmi to i`str`kut`od sukstnt`od ENDs%aok`em worcborhms% nutoant`od ndi aod`tor`dl imv`hms `d tgm powmr trndsa`ss`od ndi

i`str`kut`od systmas `dheui`dl XHNIN% [Y]% ZA] ndi otgmr smdsors$ \ND `d tgm Xanrt Lr`i

`s hoddmhtmi to trndsa`ss`od sukstnt`od ENDs% tgm ut`e`ty mdtmrpr`sm ENDs ndi tgm puke`h

`dtmrdmt$ Ygm trndsa`ss`od sukstnt`od END hods`sts ob `dtmrhoddmhtmi trndsa`ss`od stnt`ods

w`tg protmht`od ndi hodtroe imv`hms `d orimr to prov`im sukstnt`od nutoant`od$ Ygm ut`e`ty

mdtmrpr`sm ENDs mdnkem ut`e`ty hodtroes ndi opmrnt`ods$ @t `s usmi bor tgm ut`e`ty to andnlm%

aod`tor ndi hodtroe tgm `dborant`od beows broa tgm sanrt amtmrs% XHNIN% sukstnt`ods ndiotgmr `dborant`od beows to hodtroe% andnlm ndi supmrv`sm tgm ut`e`tys nssmts% prohmssms ndi

smrv`hms suhg ns sukstnt`od nutoant`od% b`mei imv`hms nutoant`od% amtmr`dl% k`ee`dl% outnlm

andnlmamdt% imandi rmspodsm ndi eoni hodtroe$ Ygm \ND `s hoddmhtmi to tgm puke`h

`dtmrdmt us`dl smhurm hoaaud`hnt`ods% wg`hg mdnkems tg`ri pnrt`ms to pnrt`h`pntm `d sanrt

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>2 | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

lr`i nht`v`t`ms$ @d \ND% tgm an`d smrv`hm `s to trndsport tgm Xanrt Lr`i intn rme`nkey ndi

mbb`h`mdtey to i`stndt s`tms$ Ygmrmborm tgm dmtworc imv`hms nrm an`dey sw`thgms ndi routmrs

tgnt trndsport intn nt n eowmr enymr to rmiuhm hosts$

Ygm opt`hne hoaaud`hnt`od stndinris ndi protohoes `d tgm ANH/ZGP enymr `dheuim AZEX

'auet` protohoe enkme sw`thg`dl)% AZEX!YZ 'auet` protohoe enkme sw`thg`dl! trndsport prob`em)%

sydhgrodous opt`hne dmtworc 'XODMY)% sydhgrodous i`l`tne g`mrnrhgy 'XIG)% opt`hne trndsport

dmtworc 'OYD)% \nvmemdltg i`v`s`od auet`pemx`dl '\IA) ndi Amtro!Mtgmrdmt$ Ygmsm

tmhgdoeol`ms hnd prov`im rme`nkem eodl i`stndhm hoddmht`v`ty up to smvmrne tgousndi

c`eoamtmrs bor intn trndsport smrv`hms `d tgm Xanrt Lr`i to support uppmr enymr nppe`hnt`ods$

@d nii`t`od% w`rmemss tmhgdoeol`ms suhg ns 8L/EYM ndi \`ANW soamt`ams hnd km n looi

hoapemamdt ium to mnsm ob impeoyamdt ndi provmd rme`nk`e`ty$

XMDX@DL NDI AMNX][MAMDY

Xanrt Lr`is bmnturm mdgndhmi powmr systma amnsurmamdts tgnt mdnkem tgm trndsborant`od ob

intn `dto `dborant`od$ Ygm imv`hms `dstneemi% mvneuntm tgm gmnetg ob mqu`pamdt% tgm `dtmlr`ty ob

tgm lr`i ndi support nivndhmi protmht`vm rmeny`dl$

Xoam ob tgm dmw smds`dl tmhgdoeol`ms `dheuim6

>$ Memhtr`h Lr`i Aod`tor`dl[msmnrhg ndi Imvmeopamdt `s udimrwny to imvmeop eow!host% rnp`iey impeoynkem% smeb!powmr`dl

trndsa`ss`od e`dm aod`tors tgnt rmeny e`dm opmrnt`odne stntus broa rmaotm eohnt`ods w`rmemssey$

Amnsurmamdt ndi aod`tor`dl ob powmr beow ndi i`rmht`od hnd km pmrborami mns`ey$

;$ Memhtroanldmt`h XmdsorsMA smds`dl tmhgdoeolyuetrn!eow do`sm% eow!brmqumdhy memhtroanldmt`h smds`dl systmas ndi

smrv`hmsgns kmmd usmi bor nppe`hnt`ods suhg ns e`lgtd`dl imtmht`od% memhtrostnt`h gnznri

aod`tor`dl% ndi udimrlroudi bnh`e`ty imtmht`od$

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>< | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

8$ Knttmry Aod`tor`dl XystmasKnttmr`ms nrm usmi `d sukstnt`ods ndi lmdmrnt`od pendts ns nux`e`nry powmr wgmd lr`i powmr `s

udnvn`enkem$ Knttmr`ms nrm n g`lg!an`dtmdndhm `tma ndi nivndhms `d eow!host aod`tor`dl gmep to

a`d`a`zm knttmry bn`eurms$ Aod`tors hnd dow hgmhc hmee gmnetg% spmh`b`h lrnv`ty% e`qu`i emvme% hmee

voetnlm% ndi hgnrlm/i`shgnrlm hgnrnhtmr`st`hs$

Xanrt lr`i `dtmdis to rmvoeut`od`zm tgm wny powmr `s amnsurmi prmsmdtey$ @t w`ee `dtroiuhm

vnr`nkem pr`h`dl impmdi`dl upod eoni hodi`t`ods $

Xoam nivndhmi amnsur`dl dstruamdts nrm6

n$ Xanrt AmtmrsN sanrt amtmr `s usuneey nd memhtr`hne amtmr tgnt rmhoris hodsuapt`od obmemhtr`h mdmrly `d

`dtmrvnes ob nd gour or emss ndi hoaaud`hntms tgnt dborant`od nt emnst in`ey knhc to tgm ut`e`ty bor

aod`tor`dl ndi k`ee`dl purposms$S

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>7 | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

>$ Zrov`im `dtmrbnhm kmtwmmd tgm ut`e`ty ndi `ts hustoamrs6 k`!i`rmht`od hodtroe;$ Nivndhmi budht`odne`ty8$ [mne!t`am memhtr`h`ty pr`h`dl9$ Nhhurntm eoni hgnrnhtmr`znt`od=$

Outnlm imtmht`od/rmstornt`od

k$ Zgnsor Amnsurmamdt ]d`tsZgnsor Amnsurmamdt ]d`t 'ZA]) tmhgdoeoly prov`ims pgnsor `dborant`od 'kotg anld`tuim ndi

pgnsm ndlem) `d rmne t`am$ Ygm nivndtnlm ob rmbmrr`dl pgnsm ndlem to n leokne rmbmrmdhm t`am `s

gmepbue `d hnptur`dl tgm w`im nrmn sdnp sgot ob tgm powmr systma$ Mbbmht`vm ut`e`znt`od ob tg`s

tmhgdoeoly `s vmry usmbue `d a`t`lnt`dl kenhcouts ndi emnrd`dl tgm rmne t`am kmgnv`or ob tgm

powmr systma$ \`tg tgm nivndhmamdt `d tmhgdoeoly% tgm a`hroprohmssor knsmi

`dstruamdtnt`od suhg ns protmht`od [menys ndi I`sturkndhm Bnuet [mhorimrs 'IB[s) `dhorporntm

tgm ZA] aoiuem neodl w`tg otgmr mx`st`dl budht`odne`t`ms ns nd mxtmdimi bmnturm$

B`lurm 76 Xhgmant`h ob n ZA] aoiuem `d a`hroprohmssor knsmi IB[S0Q

Ygmsm pgnsor amnsurmamdt ud`ts io rmne t`am vuedmrnk`e`ty ndi gmnetg nssmssamdt ob tgm lr`i$

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>0 | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

B`lurm 06 ZA] budht`od

\orc`dl

N pgnsor `s n hoapemx duakmr tgnt rmprmsmdts kotg tgm anld`tuim ndi pgnsm ndlem ob tgm s`dm

wnvms boudi `d memhtr`h`ty$ Zgnsor amnsurmamdts tgnt ohhur nt tgm snam t`am nrm hneemi

+sydhgropgnsors+% ns nrm tgm ZA] imv`hms tgnt neeow tgm`r amnsurmamdt$ @d typ`hne nppe`hnt`odspgnsor amnsurmamdt ud`ts nrm snapemi broa w`imey i`spmrsmi eohnt`ods `d tgm powmr systma

dmtworc ndi sydhgrod`zmi broa tgm hoaaod t`am sourhm ob n leokne pos`t`od`dl systma

'LZX) rni`o heohc$ Xydhgropgnsor tmhgdoeoly prov`ims n tooe bor systma opmrntors ndi penddmrs

to amnsurm tgm stntm ob tgm memhtr`hne systma ndi andnlm powmr qune`ty$ Xydhgropgnsors

amnsurm voetnlms ndi hurrmdts nt pr`dh`pem `dtmrsmht`dl eohnt`ods 'hr`t`hne sukstnt`ods) od n

powmr lr`i ndi hnd output nhhurntmey t`am!stnapmi voetnlm ndi hurrmdt pgnsors$ Kmhnusm

tgmsm pgnsors nrm truey sydhgrod`zmi% sydhgrod`zmi hoapnr`sod ob two qundt`t`ms `s poss`kem% `d

rmne t`am$ Ygmsm hoapnr`sods hnd km usmi to nssmss systma hodi`t`ods!suhg ns3 brmqumdhy

hgndlms% A\% ARN[s% CRs% mth$ Ygm aod`tormi po`dts nrm prmsmemhtmi tgroulg vnr`ous stui`msto ancm mxtrmamey nhhurntm pgnsm ndlem amnsurmamdts to `di`hntm sg`bts `d systma 'lr`i)

stnk`e`ty$ Ygm pgnsor intn `s hoeemhtmi m`tgmr od!s`tm or nt hmdtrne`zmi eohnt`ods us`dl Zgnsor Intn

Hodhmdtrntor tmhgdoeol`ms$ Ygm intn `s tgmd trndsa`ttmi to n rml`odne aod`tor`dl systma wg`hg

`s an`dtn`dmi ky tgm eohne @dimpmdimdt Xystma Opmrntor '@XO)$ Ygmsm @XO,s w`ee aod`tor pgnsor

intn broa `di`v`iune ZA],s or broa ns andy ns >=: ZA],s ! tg`s aod`tor`dl prov`ims nd

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;: | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

nhhurntm amnds ob mstnke`sg`dl hodtroes bor powmr beow broa auet`pem mdmrly lmdmrnt`od

sourhms 'duhemnr% hone% w`di% mth)$

@dvne`i ZA] amnsurmamdts nrm b`etmrmi ndi odey rme`nkem ZA] amnsurmamdts nrm usmi$ Yg`s

`dhrmnsms rme`nk`e`ty ndi nhhurnhy ob mst`ant`od$

Mst`ant`od ob e`dm pnrnamtmrs '[% W% P) bor nee e`dms wgosm pnrnamtmrs dmmi to km upintmi `s

pmrborami nt n l`vmd t`am `dtmrvne 'suhg ns mvmry ;!= a`dutms or mvmd sgortmr)$ Ygm ZA]

imv`hms hnd prov`im sydhgrod`zmi pgnsor intn rntm nt ;:!9: snapems pmr smhodi or mvmd bnstmr

ndi tgus tgmrm nrm hods`imrnkem snape`dl intn nvn`enkem `d n l`vmd `dtmrvne$ Ygm rntm ob

wnvmbora snape`dl hnd km ns g`lg ns 8::: snapems pmr smhodi or g`lgmr$ Ygm kmdmb`t ob

brmqumdt pnrnamtmr mst`ant`od `s twoboei$ Ygm pnrnamtmrs hnd km upintmi ns obtmd ns dmmimi

`d n rmne!t`am anddmr ndi tgm`r hodstndhy w`tg`d n sgort t`am `s ut`e`zmi to b`etmr `dvne`i

amnsurmamdts$S>Q

Mst`ant`dl pnrnamtmrs [`f% W`f ndi PS>Q

Ygm pnrnamtmr P `s rm!mst`antmi ky tgm nvmrnlm ob A mst`antmi P vneums hnehuentmi us`dl A

rme`nkem smts ob amnsurmamdts `d tgm b`etmr`dl prohmss 6

P 'mst`antmi) 1

\gmrm Pc 'dmw) `s tgm vneum hnehuentmi us`dl tgm amnsurmi rmnht`vm powmr beow nt tgm two

kusms ndi tgm mst`antmi e`dm eoss$

Ygm pnrnamtmrs [`f ndi W`f nrm neso rm!mst`antmi b`rst ky nvmrnl`dl ovmr A rme`nkem smts obamnsurmamdts oktn`dmi d tgm b`etmr`dl prohmss $m$

[`f 'mst`antmi) 1

W`f 'mst`antmi) 1

\gmrm [`fc 'dmw) ndi W`fc 'dmw) nrm tgm vneums hnehuentmi broa tgm b`etmr`dl amnsurmamdts$

Ygm stndinri imv`nt`ods nrm tgmd hnehuentmi$ @b m`tgmr [ `f 'stndinri imv`nt`od) / [`f'Mst`antmi) or

W`f 'stndinri imv`nt`od) / W`f'Mst`antmi) nrm enrlmr tgnd n tgrmsgoei vneum tgmd tgm mst`antmi

vneums nrm nkndiodmi ndi pnrnamtmrs nrm hnehuentmi us`dl n i`bbmrmdt nppronhg$ Ygm tgrmsgoei

`s smemhtmi nt doraneey gneb tgm tgrmsgoei bor b`etmr`dl nhhurnhy$

Ygmd tgm vneums ob [ ndi W nrm b`dneey rm!mst`antmi tnc`dl tgm nvmrnlm ob tgm vneums ob tgm two

prohmssms udimrtncmd$

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;> | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

@d tgm nkovm imr`vnt`od% `t `s nssuami tgnt tgm tgrmm pgnsms nrm syaamtr`hne ndi tgmrmborm n

s`dlem pgnsm aoime gns kmmd usmi `d powmr beow aoime`dl$ X`a`enr to amnsurmamdts `d

supmrv`sory hodtroe ndi intn nhqu`s`t`od systmas 'XHNIN)% ZA] imv`hms prov`im smpnrntm

amnsurmamdts ob pgnsm N% K ndi H wg`hg any gnvm se`lgt i`bbmrmdhms naodl tgma$ Yotne rmne

ndi rmnht`vm powmr beows ob tgm tgrmm pgnsms hnd km oktn`dmi us`dl suaant`od ob tgm powmrbeows tgnt nrm hnehuentmi broa amnsurmi voetnlm ndi hurrmdt pgnsors ob tgrmm `di`v`iune

pgnsms$

Lr`i Opt`a`znt`od

N sanrt lr`i `s nd opt`a`zmi lr`i$

Ygm tmra sanrt lr`i gns kmmd usmi to imshr`km n kroni rndlm ob tmhgdoeol`ms% ims`ld

hodhmpts ndi opmrnt`dl prnht`hms tgnt hoeemht`vmey pn`dt nd mxh`t`dl p`hturm ob wgnt our memhtr`h

powmr `dbrnstruhturm a`lgt eooc e`cm `d tmd or twmdty ymnrs$ Kut wgnt nkout tgm lr`i wm gnvm

toiny? Hmrtn`dey odm ob tgm aost `aportndt nttr`kutms ob n sanrt lr`i `s tgm nk`e`ty to wr`dl

aorm out ob tgm nssmts hurrmdtey impeoymi tgroulgout our memhtr`h`ty ime`vmry systma$ Ygnt `s

tgm mssmdhm ob opt`a`znt`od$

Ygm kmdmb`ts ob lr`i opt`a`znt`od nrm6

Yo lmt aorm out ob tgm mx`st`dl `dbrnstruhturm ndi tgus imbmr `dvmstamdts `d dmwlmdmrnt`od% trndsa`ss`od ndi i`str`kut`od bnh`e`t`ms

Yo rmiuhm tgm ovmrnee host ob ime`vmr`dl powmr to mdi usmrs Yo `aprovm rme`nkem ime`vmry ob powmr to mdi usmrs Yo rmiuhm rmsourhm usnlm ndi ky mxtmds`od% ma`ss`ods ob HO; ndi otgmr poeeutndts

[udd`dl tgroulg nee ob tgmsm `s tgm hodhmpt ob mbb`h`mdhy% wgmtgmr `d nd mhodoa`h or pgys`hne

smdsm$ Xo% gow io wm lo nkout `aprov`dl tgm mbb`h`mdhy ob our powmr lr`i% sgort ob wgoemsnem

rmpenhmamdts ob nl`dl mqu`pamdt ndi anss`vm `dvmstamdts d tgm entmst tmhgdoeol`ms? @d sgort%

wgnt hnd km iodm dow to ancm tgm lr`i opmrntm kmttmr?

\gnt ioms mbb`h`mdhy amnd bor n powmr lr`i?

Mbb`h`mdhy nt tgm ut`e`ty emvme `s obtmd ovmreoocmi outs`im ob `diustry h`rhems % `d pnrt`huenr tgm

sukstndt`ne ln`ds tgnt houei km anim `d tgm mbb`h`mdhy ob powmr trndsa`ss`od ndi i`str`kut`od

systmas$ Lr`i mbb`h`mdhy hoams

iowd enrlmey to e`dm eossms% tgm naoudt ob powmr emnv`dl n lmdmrnt`od pendt tgnt `s eost od tgm

wny to our goams ndi kus`dmssms$ Eossms `d tgm trndsa`ss`od ndi i`str`kut`od systma ob 2 to 7

pmrhmdt nrm typ`hne mvmd `d tgm woreis aost nivndhmi houdtr`ms% ndi tgmy hnd rud mvmd g`lgmr$

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;; | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

@d ;::0% n totne ob ;>0$7 k`ee`od c\g ob mdmrly wns eost `d tgm @di`nd i`str`kut`od systma neodm$

Yo put tg`s `d pmrspmht`vm% hods`imr tgnt n >: pmrhmdt `aprovmamdt `d lr`i mbb`h`mdhy nt tgm

i`str`kut`od emvme neodm wouei gnvm proiuhmi k`ee`ods ob rupmms `d snv`dls knsmi od tgm ;::0$

[miuh`dl eossms @aprov`dl tgm mbb`h`mdhy ob powmr trndsa`ss`od ndi i`str`kut`od hoams iowd to

two hgo`hms6 you hnd rmiuhm tgm rms`stndhm ob tgm w`rms ky anc`dl tgma enrlmr or us`dl kmttmr

antmr`nes 'dot n prnht`hne soeut`od)% or you hnd `aprovm tgm mbbmht`vmdmss ob tgm beow ob

memhtr`h`ty$ Yo niirmss tgm enttmr% `ts `aportndt to udimrstndi odm tmhgd`hne hodhmpt ndi tgnt `s

tgm i`bbmrmdhm kmtwmmd nht`vm ndi rmnht`vm powmr$

[mne powmr `s wgnt wm usm to rud our e`lgts% hoaputmrs ndi proiuht`od e`dms$ @ts tgm powmr tgm

ioms tgm worc$ [mnht`vm powmr ioms dot hodtr`kutm ndytg`dl to io`dl worc% kut `t ioms hnusm

hodiuhtors to gmnt up ndi `t tncms up n hmrtn`d naoudt ob spnhm `d tgm w`rms$ Ygm aorm

rmnht`vm powmr beow`dl od n e`dm% tgm emss rooa tgmrm `s bor rmne powmr% ndi tgm emss mbb`h`mdt

tgm trndsa`ss`od ndi/or i`str`kut`od systma w`ee km$Xo% to opt`a`zm tgm aovmamdt ob memhtr`hmdmrly% wm wouei `imneey e`cm to me`a`dntm rmnht`vm powmr beows% or nt emnst a`d`a`zm tgma$

]t`e`t`ms io tg`s toiny od tgm`r eohne i`str`kut`od systmas us`dl imv`hms suhg ns hnpnh`tor kndcs

or spmh`ne trndsboramrs% typ`hneey eohntmi nt sukstnt`ods or od bmmimr$ Ygmsm imv`hms worc to

cmmp rmnht`vm powmr beows iowd % anc`dl tgm buee hnpnh`ty ob tgm hodiuhtor nvn`enkem bor tgm

rmne powmr tgnt w`ee km usmi ky our e`lgts% YRs ndi rmbr`lmrntors$ Yg`s prohmss `s cdowd ns

voet/RNr hodtroe$

Ygm Boudint`od ob Lr`i Opt`a`znt`od 'RRO6 Roet/RNr opt`a`znt`od)

G`stor`hneey% Roet/RNr hodtroe imv`hms gnvm opmrntmi nutodoaousey% dimpmdimdt ob odmndotgmr ndi w`tgout hmdtrne`zmi hoori`dnt`od$ Yg`s nppronhg worcmi% kut t embt n looi imne ob

mbb`h`mdhy od tgm tnkem s`dhm nht`ods tncmd ky odm imv`hm a`lgt gnvm emss!tgnd!opt`ane rmsuets

bor ndotgmr eohnt`od od tgm lr`i or bor tgm systma ns n wgoem$

Nivndhms d nutoant`od ndi hoaaud`hnt`ods gnvm en`i tgm boudint`od to ancm hmdtrne`zmi%

hoori`dntmi voetnlm hodtroe poss`kem ndi `d bnht nppe`hnt`ods to tncm nivndtnlm ob `t gnvm kmmd

`d tgm worcs bor ymnrs$ Ygm prokema e`ms `d tgm bnht tgnt tgm hoaput`dl rmqu`rmamdts bor suhg

nppe`hnt`ods to lmdmrntm usmbue soeut`ods `d dmnr rmne t`am nrm stnllmr`dl$ Gowmvmr% dmw

amtgoioeol`ms ndi toinys bnstmr hoaputmrs gnvm hodvmrlmi to ancm voet/RNr opt`a`znt`od

v`nkem$RRO% ns `t `s cdowd% `s nd nivndhmi nppe`hnt`od tgnt ruds pmr`oi`hneey or `d rmspodsm to

opmrntor imandi nt tgm ut`e`ty hodtroe hmdtmr or d sukstnt`od nutoant`od systmas$ Hoak`dmi

w`tg two!wny hoaaud`hnt`od dbrnstruhturm ndi rmaotm hodtroe hnpnk`e`ty bor hnpnh`tor kndcs

ndi voetnlm rmluent`dl trndsboramrs% RRO ancms `t poss`kem to opt`a`zm tgm mdmrly ime`vmry

mbb`h`mdhy od i`str`kut`od systmas us`dl rmne!t`am `dborant`od$

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;8 | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

Ygm rmne krmnctgroulg gmrm `s `d tgm spmmi ndi qune`ty ob tgm hoaputnt`od$ RRO usms nivndhmi

nelor`tgas to `imdt`by tgm opt`ane opmrnt`od strntmly broa a`ee`ods% or mvmd k`ee`ods ob

poss`k`e`t`ms$ Nrr`v`dl nt tgnt rmsuet bnst mdoulg to nppey `t `d prnht`hm% `d n iny!to!iny ut`e`ty

worc`dl mdv`rodamdt% `s n tnee orimr$ Ygm rmsuet `s `aprovmi mbb`h`mdhy tgnt rmiuhms tgm naoudt

ob powmr tgnt aust km lmdmrntmi ndi w`tg `t tgm ma`ss`ods ob HO; ndi otgmr poeeutndtsnssoh`ntmi w`tg powmr lmdmrnt`od$ RRO neso neeows ut`e`t`ms to hodtroe hosts kmttmr ky lmtt`dl

tgm aost out ob tgm`r dmtworcs$

Ygm Buturm6

Aorm nppe`hnt`ods nrm km`dl imvmeopmi dow tgnt niirmssms dot odey tgm mbb`h`mdhy ob lr`i

opmrnt`ods kut neso rme`nk`e`ty$ Bor mxnapem% bnuet imtmht`od% `soent`od ndi rmstornt`od 'BI@[) w`ee

rmqu`rm aorm hoapodmdts 'imv`hms od tgm lr`i ndi sobtwnrm nppe`hnt`ods) tgnd RRO% ndi

i`bbmrmdt ut`e`t`ms nrm e`cmey to tncm i`bbmrmdt nppronhgms to `apemamdt`dl tg`s typm ob

budht`odne`ty$ X`a`enrey% andnl`dl enrlm voeuams ob i`str`kutmi lmdmrnt`od rmsourhms e`cm roobtopsoenr pndmes w`ee tncm mvmd aorm smdsors% bnstmr hoaputmrs ndi aorm rokust nelor`tgas to

andnlm tgm `dtmrrmentmi mbbmhts ob so andy imv`hms od tgm ut`e`tys systma$ Bor nee ob tgmsm

nppe`hnt`ods% gowmvmr% odm hoapodmdt s v`tne6 hoaaud`hnt`ods$ Ygm nk`e`ty to aovm enrlm

naoudts ob intn broa i`spnrntm po`dts od tgm lr`i `s tgm cmy to mdnke`dl tgm nppe`hnt`ods tgnt

w`ee `d turd bnh`e`tntm tgm w`imsprmni niopt`od ob i`str`kutmi lmdmrnt`od ndi an`dtn`d 'or mvmd

`aprovm) tgm emvme ob smrv`hm hustoamrs mxpmht$ Ob hoursm% hgneemdlms rman`d$ Ygmrm nrm `ssums

surroudi`dl stndinris ndi dtmropmrnk`e`ty% smhur`ty% ndi ob hoursm host to dnam n bmw$ Ygm

eodl!tmra kmdmb`ts% tgoulg% nrm hoapmee`dl$ RRO `s odey tgm kml`dd`dl ob n dmw stnlm `d tgm

mvoeut`od ob our powmr systmas tgnt w`ee ancm tgma s`auetndmousey aorm rme`nkem% aormmbb`h`mdt ndi aorm mhodoa`hne$

Nutodoaous Imandi X`im Andnlmamdt

Imandi!s`im andnlmamdt rmbmrs to vnr`ous prolrnas tgnt nrm `apemamdtmi ky ut`e`t`ms to

hodtroe mdmrly hodsuapt`od nt tgm mdi usmr s`im$S>:Q

Ygmsm prolrnas nrm usmi to mdhournlm

mdmrly mbb`h`mdt mdmrly hodsuapt`od `d orimr to knendhm suppey ndi imandi w`tgout tgm dmmi

to `dstnee dmw powmr lmdmrnt`od ndi trndsa`ss`od `dbrnstruhturms wg`hg nrm kotg t`amhodsua`dl ndi hostey$ @d aost hnsms% n rms`iune eoni andnlmamdt prolrna smmcs to nhg`mvm

odm or kotg ob tgm boeeow`dl okfmht`vms6 rmiuh`dl hodsuapt`od ndi sg`bt`dl hodsuapt`od$S>>Q

Ygm

boramr hnd km nhg`mvmi naodl usmrs ky mdhournl`dl mdmrly!nwnrm hodsuapt`od pnttmrds$

Gowmvmr% tgmrm `s n dmmi to sg`bt tgm g`lg powmr gousmgoei nppe`ndhms to obb!pmnc gours to

rmiuhm tgm pmnc!to!nvmrnlm rnt`o `d eoni imandi$ @d lmdmrne% tgm lmdmrnt`od hnpnh`ty ob n

powmr dmtworc `s ims`ldmi bor pmnc gours `d orimr to prmvmdt smrv`hm `dtmrrupts$ Ygmrmborm% n

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;9 | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

g`lg ZN[ `d eoni imandi emnis to s`ld`b`hndt udimrut`e`zmi opmrnt`od ndi mdmrly host

`dmbb`h`mdhy `d tgm powmr systma$S>;Q

Aost ob tgm hurrmdt rms`imdt`ne eoni hodtroe nht`v`tms naodl mdi usmrs nrm opmrntmi anduneey$

Gowmvmr% rmhmdt stui`ms gnvm sgowd tgnt IXA dmmis to km nutoant`h `$m$ `t sgouei gnvm

a`d`aua `dtmrvmdt`od ky usmrs$

Nppronhgms to Imandi X`im AndnlmamdtS>Q

Ygmrm nrm two nppronhgms to IXA d powmr lmdmrnt`od ndi i`str`kut`od systmas6

>$ I`rmht Eoni Hodtroe@d tg`s nppronhg% tgm ut`e`ty hoapndy or nd nllrmlntor hnd rmaotmey hodtroe tgm opmrnt`ods ndi

mdmrly hodsuapt`od ob hmrtn`d nppe`ndhms `d tgm gousmgoei or `d tgm `diustry bor mxnapem

e`lgt`dl% tgmrane hoabort mqu`pamdt% rmbr`lmrntors$% puaps mth$

;$ @di`rmht Eoni Hodtroe v`n Zr`h`dlGmrm% do i`rmht mdmrly hodsuapt`od imh`s`od `s mdborhmi3 `dstmni% usmrs nrm mdhournlmi to

`di`v`iuneey ndi voeudtnr`ey andnlm tgm`r eonis bor mxnapem% ky eowmr`dl tgm`r powmr

hodsuapt`od iur`dl pmnc gours$ N w`im rndlm ob pr`h`dl aoimes gnvm kmmd proposmi6

n$ [mne!t`am Zr`h`dlk$ Iny!ngmni pr`h`dlh$ Y`am ob usm pr`h`dli$ Hr`t`hne pmnc pr`h`dl

@d nee tgmsm amtgois% tgm cmy `imn `s twoboei6 b`rst% neeow rmtn`e pr`hms to rmbemht beuhtunt`dl

wgoemsnem pr`hms to mdi usmrs suhg tgnt usmrs pny wgnt memhtr`h`ty `s wortg nt i`bbmrmdt t`ams ob

tgm iny3 ndi smhodi% mdhournl`dl usmrs to sg`bt g`lg eoni gousmgoei nppe`ndhms to obb!pmnc

gours$

Otgmr hoaaod pr`h`dl aoimes dheuim6

Mdmrly Hodvmrs`od Xystmas w`tg @dhe`d`dl Keohc [ntms '@K[s)

@d @K[ pr`h`dl% tgm anrl`dne pr`hm `dhrmnsms ky tgm totne qundt`ty hodsuami `$m$ kmyodi n hmrtn`d

gousmgoei `d tgm totne aodtgey/in`ey rms`imdt`ne eoni% tgm memhtr`h`ty pr`hm w`ee `dhrmnsm `d n

g`lgmr vneum$

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;= | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

Nutodoaous Imandi X`im Andnlmamdt Ymhgd`qum

Gmrm wm hods`imr nutoantmi mdmrly hodsuapt`od shgmiue`dl iodm nt sanrt amtmrs ns pnrt ob

tgm nivndhmi amtmr`dl systma$ Mnhg sanrt amtmr `s mqu`ppmi w`tg nd nutoantmi mdmrlyhodsuapt`od shgmiue`dl 'MHX) budht`od$ Yg`s MHX budht`od `s prolrnaami nhhori`dl to tgm

usmrs dmmis$ Ygmd `t nutoant`hneey hodtroes tgm budht`od`dl ob tgm vnr`ous nppe`ndhms$ Nee sanrt

amtmrs nrm dot odey hoddmhtmi to n powmr e`dm kut to n two wny hoaaud`hnt`od systma ns

wmee$S>>Q

Xanrt amtmrs ndi usmrs any km hoddmhtmi to tgm lr`i `d i`bbmrmdt topoeol`ms m`tgmr trmm wgmrm

mnhg usmr `dtmrnhts w`tg odey n s`dlem ut`e`ty or ndotgmr `d wg`hg usmrs `dtmrnht ndi kuy

memhtr`h`ty broa odm ndotgmr$

B`lurm >:6 Xanrt Amtmr w`tg MHXS>>Q

Opt`ane Mdmrly Hodsuapt`od Xhgmiue`dlS>Q

Emt N imdotm tgm smt ob nee nppe`ndhms `d tgm usmr gousmgoei% bor mnhg nppe`ndhm n N% wm imdotm

nd MHX vmhtor xn ns boeeows6

xn 1 Sxn>%$xn

GQ

wgmrm G4> `s tgm shgmiue`dl gor`zod wg`hg imdotms tgm duakmr ob gours ngmni tgnt nrm tncmd

`dto nhhoudt d tgm imh`s`od anc`dl prohmss$

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;2 | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

Emt Mn imdotm tgm totne mdmrly dmmimi bor tgm opmrnt`od ob tgm nppe`ndhm

Bor mnhg nppe`ndhm n N% n% n G ns tgm kml`dd`dl ndi mdi t`am `dtmrvne `d wg`hg tgm mdmrly

hodsuapt`od ob tgm imv`hm n hnd km shgmiuemi% rmspmht`vmey$

@d orimr to prov`im tgm mdmrly dmmimi bor mnhg nppe`ndhm n N w`tg`d tgm l`vmd t`am `dtmrvne% `t`s rmqu`rmi tgnt 6

1 Mn

Ndi bor g 5 n ndi g4 n $

Emt nanx

imdotm anx`aua powmr emvme ob nppe`ndhm n$

Ndi na`d

imdotm a`d`aua stndiky powmr emvme ob nppe`ndhm n$

Ygus wm gnvm tgm hodstrn`dts6

na`d

1515n

anx

\m hnd dow imb`dm bmns`kem mdmrly hodsuapt`od shgmiue`dl smt ns

W 1 { x |

1 Mn ndi na`d

1515n

anx g Sn% nQ ndi

bor g 5 n ndi g4 n}

wgmrm x imdotms tgm vmhtor ob MHX vnr`nkems bor nee nppe`ndhms$ Nd mdmrly hodsuapt`od

shgmiue`dl `s vne`i `bbx W$

Ygm rmsuet`dl mdmrly hodsuapt`od shgmiuem smt ky tgm MHX `s tgmd nppe`mi to nee tgm gousmgoei

imv`hms `d tgm bora ob od/obb hoaandis w`tg spmh`b`mi powmr emvmes ovmr n w`rmi/w`rmemss GND$

@b pg

`s tgm gourey pr`hm% tgmd tgm MHX `s mxpmhtmi to smemht tgm mdmrly

hodsuapt`od shgmiuems to soevm tgm boeeow`dl prokema6

a`d`a`zmx W

`$m$ tgm MHX budht`od `d tgm sanrt amtmr sgouei shgmiuem mdmrly hodsuapt`od bor

nee gousmgoei nppe`ndhms suhg tgnt wg`em tgmy nrm opmrnt`dl w`tg`d tgm`r bmns`kemmdmrly hodsuapt`od rndlms$ Ob hoursm% tgm mxnht shgmiuem impmdis od tgm hgo`hm

ob pr`h`dl budht`ods wg`hg nrm nssuami to gnvm n dodbent struhturm 'impmdi`dl

od t`am ob iny ndi totne eoni)

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;< | X a n r t L r ` i Y m h g d o e o l ` m s ! @ d @ d i ` n d Z m r s p m h t ` v m s

Hodheus`od

@d n popueous Houdtry e`cm @di`n wg`hg `s st`ee od pntg ob imvmeopamdt ndi `s strulle`dl to

prov`im bor kns`h n dmhmss`ty e`cm powmr to `ts guaudlous popuent`od% N dovme `imn e`cm sanrt

lr`i% `b `apemamdtmi wouei hgndlm tgm bortudms ob our powmr smhtor wg`hg nrm rmme`dl udimr

gulm eossms ndi udnssn`enkem imandi ob powmr$

N Xanrtmr Lr`i wouei rmiuhm eossms `dhrmnsm mbb`h`mdhy% `aprovm powmr qune`ty% ndi gmep

`dtmlrnt`od ob rmdmwnkem sourhms ob powmr `dto tgm lr`i$ @t w`ee ancm powmr suppey aorm

rme`nkem to hodsuamr ndi cmmp g`a `dborami nkout g`s hodsuapt`od `d rmne t`am tgroulg kmttmr

two wny hoaaud`hnt`od kmtwmmd tgm hodsuamrs ndi ut`e`ty tgnt sanrt lr`i `diuhms `d tgm

lr`i$S>8Q

Xanrt Lr`i w`ee `apemamdt `dtmee`lmdt bnuet `soent`od ndi horrmht`vm amnsurms tgus rmiuh`dl tgm

brmqumdt powmr outnlms prmvnemdt `d our houdtry tgus snv`dl tgm duamrous and gours wnstmi

iur`dl powmr outnlms$ [miuht`od `d powmr p`ebmrnlm w`ee emni to kmttmr rmvmdum lmdmrnt`od ndi

mbb`h`mdt lmdmrnt`od to usmr trndsa`ss`od$

@d tgm mdi nee wm gnvm to sny `s N Xanrtmr Lr`i `s odm tgm andy urlmdt stmps tgnt wm gnvm to

tncm bor n kmttmr @di`n$

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[mbmrmdhms

S>Q Enrs Y$ Kmrlmr ndi Crzysztob @d`mwsc` Xanrt Lr`i Nppe`hnt`ods% Hoaaud`hnt`ods ndi

Xmhur`ty

S;Q Nsgoc Fgudfudwnen Xanrt Lr`i `d @di`nd Hodtmxt

S8Q @di`n Zowmr Outnlm$ [mtr`mvmi od Npr`e >9%;:>8 broa

gttp6//usntoiny8:$usntoiny$hoa/dmws/worei/story/;:>;!:/`di`n!powmr!

outnlm/=22::=;:/>

S9Q E$G$Ysoucnens ndi [$Lno Broa Xanrt Lr`is to nd mdmrly `dtmrdmt6 Nssuapt`ods%

nrhg`tmhturms ndi rmqu`rmamdts

S=Q M$Inrao`s Xanrt Lr`is6 N trndsborant`odne 'stndinris) fourdmy

S2Q Xodoan @ddovnt`od% Xanrt Lr`i Hoaaud`hnt`ods Nrhg`tmhturne Brnamworc% Nulust

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S9% ;:>8 broa

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Imandi X`im Andnlmamdt knsmi od lnam!tgmormt`h mdmrly hodsuapt`od shgmiue`dl bor

tgm buturm sanrt lr`i$

S>;Q Z$Xnani`%N$G$Aogsmd`nd [ni% R$\odl% F$Fntscmv`hg% [ XhgokmrHo!ori`dnt`od ob Heoui

Hoaput`dl ndi Xanrt Zowmr Lr`is$

S>8Q @di`n Xanrt Lr`i Cdowemilm Zortne$ [mtr`mvmi od Npr`e >9% ;:>8 broa

gttp6//`di`nsanrtlr`i$orl/md/Znlms/@dimx$nspx

http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-07-31/india-power-outage/56600520/1http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-07-31/india-power-outage/56600520/1http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-07-31/india-power-outage/56600520/1http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1530-8677/earlyviewhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1530-8677/earlyviewhttp://indiasmartgrid.org/en/Pages/Index.aspxhttp://indiasmartgrid.org/en/Pages/Index.aspxhttp://indiasmartgrid.org/en/Pages/Index.aspxhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1530-8677/earlyviewhttp://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-07-31/india-power-outage/56600520/1http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-07-31/india-power-outage/56600520/1