Smart Grid Communications The key for exploiting renewable ...€¦ · 2017 2021 2022 2015 2019 2022 2021 2022 2021 6HV links betw. N-S 24 May 2012 7 . ... Security for Smart Grids

TÜV SÜD AG

Embedded Systems (V-INM)

Smart Grid Communications

The key for exploiting renewable energy sources

9th IEEE International Workshop, 24 May 2012 Dr. Kai Strübbe, Head of Embedded Systems, TÜV SÜD AG

Lemgo Dr. Kai Strübbe 24 May 2012

TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks

Agenda

The Motor of Change: Shift to Renewable Energies

Automation and Communication for Smart Grids

Security for Smart Grids

Interdisciplinary and Global View on Smart Grids

2 24 May 2012


Running out of Time: Only 10 more Years to Success

Timetable until replacement of nuclear power in Germany

' 80 2012 2016 2020 ' 22 Today

No Gas, Cold, Grid Stress

02/10/12

Shutdown of 7 Nuclear Power Plants

06/06/11

Fukushima

03/11/11

Discussion

on Energy

Turnaround

06/14/00

Nuclear Exit Law 06/14/00 12/14/10

European Low Carbon Strategy 01/01/08 12/31/20

Lifetime Extension (Nuclear Power) 12/14/10 06/06/11

Shutdown of all Nuclear Power Plants 06/06/11 12/31/22

02/10/12 Matthias Kurth,

President Bundesnetzagentur

We must take grid actions

dedicated to emergency situations

right now. It is not a comfortable

situation.

1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008

3 24 May 2012


Energy Turnaround Serves as a Motor of Change

Germanys challenges in energy production and consumption –

but the attitude towards power quality remains the same*

20% of electricity currently

produced by renewables (of

these: wind 38.1%, PV 15.6%)

Base-load-capable power plants

near consumers (50-70km)

Production follows consumption

Few supra-regional

electricity lines

Little energy storage capacity

and little grid control options

Goal: 50% renewable energies

Energy production:

remote from load centres: large

plants (offshore wind, hydro)

decentralised: small plants (PV,

bioenergy)

volatile (wind and PV)

by 2030 Today

4 24 May 2012

*Only 14.63 min. power

outage in 2009!


New Systems Need to Contribute to Grid Stability

Wind/PV systems must prove grid compatiblity

Grid compatibility as a requirement for connection

Key documents: type and wind farm certificates

Goal: predictable behavior in the grid

Relevant regulations:

Short-circuit resistance

Transmission Code 2007

BDEW-regulation

FGW-regulation

VDE 4105

Criteria (examples):

Short-circuit resistance

Permanent loading

System perturbation

Dynamic grid support

Provision of reactive power

Protection from decoupling

5 24 May 2012

Note: BDEW (Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V.) / FGW (Fördergemeinschaft. Wind und anderen Erneuerbare Energien. e.V.)


Additional Interventions of Grid Operators from January 2012

Technical requirements for feed-in management of utilities*

New

Utilit

ies

(co

mm

. fr

om

01

/01

/12

)

Exis

tin

g U

tilit

ies

(com

m. befo

re 1

2/3

1/1

1

Utility

comm. from

01/01/12

P > 30 to ≤ 100kWp

P > 100kWp

P ≤ 30kWp choice

Query actual feed in

Remote decrease

Remote decrease

70% - limit

P > 30 to ≤ 100kWp

P > 100kWp

P ≤ 30kWp

after

2008

Query actual feed in

Remote decrease

Remote decrease

No tech. Requirem.

in EEG 2012 §6

Implement.

at

commiss.

Implement.

until

06/30/12

Implement.

until

12/31/13

yes

no

yes

no

Source: VBEW

6 24 May 2012

*EEG 2012 §6 and §11


More Wind/PV Systems Require Significant Changes

Paradigm shift in the energy sector

2-4,000km of new lines to

connect offshore wind parks*

Distributed across geographical

boundaries

Energy storage: pumped

storage, hydrogen, batteries

Performing “open heart surgery”

while business is going on.

*Only 100km have been set up so far!

Source: dena

HV net length 34,000km,

4 operators deliver up to

500TWh p. a.

2017

2021

2022

2015

2019 2022

2021

2022

2021

6HV links

betw. N-S

7 24 May 2012


Agenda





8 24 May 2012


Large Parts of the Grid Are still Uncontrollable

High, medium and low voltage grids in Germany

High voltage networks (380-110kV,

1,000+ substations)

Medium voltage networks (60-6kV,

50,000+ substations)

Low voltage networks (400-230V,

1,000,000+ substations)

Still uncontrollable!

Note: Overview of netwroks

Source: dena

9 24 May 2012


Wind/PV as Part of a Smart and Controllable System

Study on grids of the future for Deutscher Bundestag

Note: Diagram of a Smart Grid

Source: TÜV SÜD Journal

10 24 May 2012


Communication Protocols Enable Virtual Power Plants

Virtual power plant concept

Goal: distributed energy networks run by a main control facility

Benefits: fast tracking/correction of load peaks

Wind farms

Control station

ICCP/TASE.2/IEC 60870-6

IEC 61850-90-1

Power

transformation

and transmission

IEC 61850

Hydroelec.

power plants

Power production

IEC 61850-7-410

Power production

IEC 61850-7-420

Power production

IEC 61400-25

IEC 62445-2

(IEC 61850-90-2)

IEC 62445-2

(IEC 61850-90-2)

IEC 62445-2

(IEC 61850-90-2)

Power

transformation

and transmission

IEC 61850

PV plants

Note: Virtual power plant concept

Source: CITCEA-UPC

11 24 May 2012


The Smart Grid of the Future Will Be Self-Healing

12 24 May 2012

Information exchange via IEC 61850 and IEC 61400-25


IEC 61850 Will Be the Esperanto of the Smart Grid

One language for all components: the IEC 61850 in a nutshell

Communication standard, not just a protocol

Uses and defines data objects (3,000+), naming conventions,

semantics, information models (400+)

Information exchange between IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Device)

from different manufacturers

Provides information exchange services

Based on Ethernet and TCP/IP

Standardizes a language (SCL – Substation Configuration Language)

to describe topology, information models, etc.

Configures IEDs, defines when and how (service) to

exchange information (to/from whom)

13 24 May 2012


Agenda





14 24 May 2012


Safety, Security and Privacy Are Linked to the Components

Damage

CONTINUITY

of service / business

SAFETY

Protection of

life & limb

and of

environment

SECURITY

Protection of information

PRIVACY

Protection of

informational self-

determination

Cause

Malic

iou

s

Inc

ide

ntia

l

People, environment Monetary

15 24 May 2012

Relevant aspects at a glance


Classify Risks, Anticipate Solutions

16 24 May 2012

Security challenges…

External threats (malware, drive-by-exploits,

hacking, distributed denial of service)

System stability

Privacy and data protection

…and solutions:

Combined hard- and software systems

Risk analysis (SAL – Security

Assurance Level)

Encryption, anonymisation and

pseudonymisation of data

Use of international standards

(IEC 62531, IEC 62443)

Combined strategies for a wide range of risks


Industrial IT Security as Countermeasure to Threats

17 24 May 2012

Type of attacks and main characteristic of market

Typical risks

Insufficient authentication

methods

Patch management of low

maturity

Security protection levels

(SPL) not defined

Physical protection not

equivalent to SPL

Insecure communication

channels and passwords

Insecure remote access

Only rudimental

malware protection

Industrial Automation and Control System

(IACS)

Sys

tem

s a

cq

uis

itio

n a

nd

de

ve

lop

me

nt

TCP/IP

Remote Maintenance

Applications

(Controlling, Measurement)

Services Integration

(Middleware, Database)

Operational Services

Infrastructure/Data Processing

(Network, Network Devices, Facilities)

Industrial Control System Industrial Control System

Industrial IT -

Security

Embedded

Security

Threat

Threat

Threat

Threat

Threat


A Cyber Security Management System Is Needed

IEC 62443 series overview

IEC 62443 series document

Basics Management

System

Industrial IT

Security

Embedded

Security

1-1 Terminology,

concepts and models

2-1 Establishing an IACS 3-1 Security technologies

for IACS

4-1 Product development

requirements

1-2 Master glossary of

terms and abbreviations

2-2 Operating an IACS

security program

3-2 Security assurance

levels for zones and

conduits

4-2 Technical security

requirements for IACS

products

1-3 System security

compliance metrics

2-3 Patch management

in the IACS environment

3-3 System security

requirements and

security assurance levels

2-4 Certification of IACS

supplier security policies

and practices

already published

drafts

considered

Document 3: Pre-standard, guidance for the operational security of automation systems

18 24 May 2012


Agenda





19 24 May 2012


Utilizing Existing Solutions in Security, Safety and Privacy

Embedded systems are a key success factor

They form the heart of the smart grid and have been successfully used

for years in industry, medicine, telecommunications, automobile,

consumer goods…

… providing solutions for:

Functional safety (automobile)

Industrial security (military)

Privacy and data protection (office)

Embedded

Systems

Open-ness

Stand-ards

Inter-oper-ability

Preci-

sion

Robust-ness

Safety

Security

20 24 May 2012


Different Worlds Grow together

Communication across all domains: electricity, data, home, mobility

Smart Grid integrates behavior

of all network participants…

Grid needs to transport

energy and information

Sectors are merging:

energy technologies,

automation and IT

New interdisciplinary mindset

for educating future engineers

Utilizing storage capacities of

consumers: i. e. electric cars,

heating…

21 24 May 2012


Growing Markets Offer Chances for Increased Sales

Overview global smart grid markets

China

$7.3 billion federal funding

Top spending market with

$10 billion p. a. through 2020

360 million smart meters by 2030

USA

$7.1 billion federal funding

Highest funding per capita with

$23.09

Japan

Expected to launch pilot smart

grid programs this year

Fedaral fundings in USD millions

Source: CIA World Factbook and respective stimulus packages announced in 2009

22 24 May 2012

Government stimulus

for smart appliances


Technical Services throughout the World

TÜV SÜD – a global partner

Success in the market

for over 140 years

Headquarters:

Munich (Germany)

600 locations

17,000 experts

Turnover 2010:

€1,552 million

GERMANY

€ 1,040 Million1

WESTERN

EUROPE

€ 139 Million1

CENTRAL &

EASTERN-

EUROPE

€ 59 Million1

MIDDLE

EAST/

AFRICA

€ 10 Million1

ASIA PACIFIC

€ 194 Million1

AMERICAS

€ 110 Million1

Note: Sales Revenue in 2010

Source: TÜV SÜD

23 24 May 2012


Interdisciplinary Solutions for Tomorrow’s Grids

TÜV SÜD – Consultancy, Testing, Certification, Training

TÜV SÜD Center of Competence Smart Grid (incl. IEC 61850

components testing)

Certification of grid compatibility for wind energy and PV systems

(accredited and recommended by DakkS and FGW)

TÜV SÜD Competence Center of Industrial Security

In addition, TÜV SÜD is an active member of many standardization

committees, initiatives and research projects

(e.g. IEC TC 57, IECEE WG Smart Grid, KITS).

24 24 May 2012

TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks 25 24 May 2012

Thank you for your attention!


Abstract

Three features characterize electricity generation from renewable sources: it is located far away from where it

will be used; it is decentralized; and it is volatile. What looks like a long list of technical details actually conceals

a true revolution in terms of energy supply.

In Germany, we are in a special situation. Although the EU Commission wants fewer fossil fuels to be burned

and more renewable energies to be used in electricity generation in all member states, the time pressure has

increased dramatically for Germany because of the upcoming energy turnaround. Because of the scheduled

phasing out of all nuclear power plants by 2022, we must establish a Smart Grid over the next ten years and

provide a stable energy supply for a prosperous industrial nation.

The three features of producing energy from renewable sources add up to three problem areas that must be

resolved for the Smart Grid to succeed:

The generation of energy far from where it is used, especially on offshore wind farms at sea, requires a major

upgrade in transmission of power from the north of Germany to the south.

To reorganize central power generation and supply renewable energies that are produced locally, we need

more and improved data about the current state of the grid.

To compensate for volatility, we must be able to respond faster at distribution level. This requires automatic

voltage regulation in the medium- and low-voltage grid.

Smart Grid will serve as the nervous system of energy supply after the energy evolution. In addition to being an

electricity network, it is also a communication network in which intelligent devices record energy supply and

consumption data in real-time and adjust the grid voltage automatically. For this energy grid, the intelligent

devices installed must have two attributes: standards compliance and IT security. Besides expanding the

transmission capacities, the use of uniform and secure communication protocols is the biggest challenge in

building this central infrastructure.

26 24 May 2012


Do not Hesitate to Contact Us

Dr. Kai Strübbe

Head of Embedded Systems

TÜV SÜD AG

[email protected]

www.tuev-sued.com/embedded

Phone: +49 89 5791-1627

Fax: +49 89 5791-3437

Mobile: +49 151 53814778

TÜV SÜD AG

Embedded Systems V-INM

Barthstr. 16

80339 Munich

Germany

27 24 May 2012


Outlook and Expertise

TÜV SÜD ES Products Target Groups

IEC 61850 conformance testing

IEC 61850 interoperability testing

IEC 61850 conformance certification

Consulting and training for energy grid

integration

Risk analysis and RSA

Virtual power plants

Devices manufacturers and grid

operators

Electric power consumers, electric

power producers, local electric power

providers

Industrial IT security

IT Security in transportation

IT Security and data protection in smart

metering

Certification of smart mobile apps

Industrial plant operators, chemical,

oil and gas industry

Local and regional mobility

operators, rail companies and rail

operators

Manufacturers of smart meters, local

public energy utilities

Smart apps developers and vendors

Assessment and certification of

functional safety (IEC 61508) of grid

devices

Devices manufacturers

System integrators

Plant operators

Performance

IT Security

Functional Safety

28 24 May 2012


Standardisation & Cluster Initiatives in embedded systems

Committee work TÜV SÜD Embedded Systems

Standardisation Committees /

Research Cluster & Projects DKE 931.1 Security in industrial automation

DKE 952 Power systems management and

associated information exchange

IECEE Member of respective working groups

- Sub WG 2A „Smart Grid“

- Sub-WG2B “Industrial automation”

IEEE Power and energy society

IEC TC 57 Power systems

UCA Integration and interoperability

of utility systems

ISA 99 Industrial automation security

ISA Secure Industrial automation

Artemis Embedded Systems

for critical application

ITEA2 Design tools for

safe and secure ES

29 24 May 2012

http://www.iec.ch/index.htm

http://www.dke.de/de/Seiten/Startseite.aspx

http://www.isasecure.org/Home.aspx


Growing Markets Offer Chances for Increased Sales

By 2014 the smart grid market will run into ten billions of dollars p.a.

USA will remain

largest market

Europe with slower

growth due to

deregulated market

China will be a

smaller market

overall but with

significant growth

rates the next years

Source: ABI, McKinsey Analysis 2010

22 24 May 2012

Documents

Smart Grid Communications The key for exploiting renewable ...€¦ · 2017 2021 2022 2015 2019 2022 2021 2022 2021 6HV links betw. N-S 24 May 2012 7 . ... Security for Smart Grids