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SMART GRID -CHANGE THE WAY YOU USE Presented By: 1. Sunil 2. Suryakant 3. Tanuj 4. Umesh 5. Urjit 6. Vaishakh 7. Vineet 8. Vivek K 9. Vivek N

Smart Grid

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Page 1: Smart Grid

SMART GRID -CHANGE THE

WAY YOU USE

Presented By:1. Sunil2. Suryakant3. Tanuj4. Umesh5. Urjit6. Vaishakh7. Vineet8. Vivek K9. Vivek N

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Introduction History Modernization of T&D Functions Features Information Systems Challenges Present & Future

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déjà vu

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Existing Infrastructure

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Grid inefficiency

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Why we need it ?

• If we could make electric grid even 5% more efficient, we would save more than 42 GW of energy: the equivalent of production from 42 large coal fired plants.

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Why we need it ?

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What is smart grid ?

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What is smart grid ?

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1 MW SOLAR POWER PLANT

GOVT. ELECT. SUPPLY

PDPU

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HISTORY

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GRID

Grid is a term used for an electricity network which may support all or some of the following four distinct operations.1. Electricity generation2. Electric power transmission3. Electricity distribution4. Electricity control.

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History of smart grid. Technological improvements of the power

system largely rose in the 50s and 60s. Nuclear power, computer controls helped fine

tune the grid’s effectiveness and operability. With today’s technology such as wireless

protocol, network infrastructure the power grid becomes smart grid, capable of recording, analyzing and reacting to transmission data, allowing for efficient management of resources, and cost-effective appliances for consumers.

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History of smart grid. 1980s, Automatic meter reading was used 1990s, Advanced Metering Infrastructure. Smart meters used to monitor in real time. 2000, Italy's Telegestore Project - to

network (27 million) of homes using smart meters.

Project cost of 2.1 bn euro annual savings of 500 mn euro

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MODERNIZATION OF T&D

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Smart Meters: possible for energy suppliers to charge

variable electric rates

Peak curtailment/leveling and time of use pricing

Platform for advanced services

Provide reliability and power quality for the 21st century

Effective routine operations

Effective system planning capabilities

Smart Grid: Transmission and Distribution

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The Current T&D System

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The Modern T&D System

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Smart Grid Technology Areas

1. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Smart Meters Two-way Communications Consumer Portal Home Area Network Meter Data Management Demand Response

2. Advanced Distribution Operations (ADO) Distribution Management System with

advanced sensors

Advanced Outage Management (“real-

time”)

Distribution Automation

3. Advanced Transmission Operations (ATO)– Substation Automation

– Geographical Information System for

Transmission

– Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS)

– Hi-speed information processing

– Advanced protection and control

– Modeling, simulation and visualization tools

4. Advanced Asset Management (AAM)

– Advanced sensors

– Integration of real time information with other processes

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AEF Study T&D FindingsPerformance

Technology

Deployment

CostBarriers

Renewable

Resources

R & D

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FUNCTIONS

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Funtions of Smart Grid Self-healing Using real-time information from

embedded sensors and automated controls to anticipate, detect, and respond to system problems, a smart grid can automatically avoid or mitigate power outages, power quality problems, and service disruptions

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Consumer participation   This takes shape in two forms – electricity

production and electricity consumption.  One of the many benefits of the Smart Grid is its ability to integrate renewable energy sources into large scale electricity production.  

Another is the ability to communicate in real time on a broad scale to signal requests to modify electricity consumption.  Both of these benefits have profound, positive impacts for consumers.

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Resist attack / Electricity Theft. Smart grid technologies better identify

and respond to man-made or natural disruptions. Real-time information enables grid operators to isolate affected areas and redirect power flows around damaged facilities

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Accommodate generation options Integration of small-scale, localized, or on-

site power generation allows residential, commercial, and industrial customers to self-generate and sell excess power to the grid with minimal technical or regulatory barriers. This also improves reliability and power quality, reduces electricity costs, and offers more customer choice.

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Optimize assets and Enable high penetration of intermittent generation sources.

Optimized power flows reduce waste and maximize use of lowest-cost generation resources.

Smart Grid technologies will enable power systems to operate with larger amounts of renewable energy resources since they enable both the suppliers and consumers to compensate for such intermittency.

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FEATURES

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FEATURESLoad adjustment

Demand response support

Greater resilience to loading

Decentralization of power generation

Price signalling to consumers

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Load adjustment

The total load connected to the power grid can vary significantly over time

A smart grid may warn all individual to reduce the load temporarily or continuously

It predicts how many standby generators need to be used, to reach a certain failure rate

In the traditional grid, the failure rate can only be reduced at the cost of more standby generators

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Demand response support

Allows generators and loads to interact in an automated fashion in real time, coordinating demand to flatten spikes

Allows users to cut their energy bills by telling low priority devices to use energy only when it is cheapest

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Decentralization of power generation

Distributed generation allows individual consumers to generate power onsite

Allows individual loads to tailor their generation directly to their load, making them independent from grid power failures

If a local sub-network generates more power than it is consuming, the reverse flow can raise safety and reliability issues

Greater resilience to loading

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INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND MANAGEMENT

INSMART GRIDS

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Driving Factors for SMART GRID Reliability and Quality and Supply

Aging infrastructure of Transmission and Distribution Networks

The Environment Distributed resources – Renewable sources Demand side Management

Operational Excellence Information Management Automation

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Business Blocks of Smart Grid SMART GRID – Bringing together enabling technologies, changes in

business processes, and a holistic view towards end-to-end requirements of the grid operations.

Consumer-side capabilities and distributed generation technologies form the base.

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Achieving Benefit of Smart Grid A large scale implementation of Smart Grid

will have an impact on many utility systems and process spanning over customer services, system operations, planning, engineering and field operations.

Key requirements:Systems InteroperabilityInformation ManagementData Integration

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Systems Involved in Distribution Smart Grid

Distributed Resources Distribution Automation Advanced Metering

Infrastructure

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SMART GRID brings improvement in the System○ Improved System Reliability

Fully Integrated Outage Management System Trouble Call, CIS, GIS, MDMS, DA etc.

○ Penetration of Distributed & Demand Side Resources Distributed Generation, Renewable Energy Resources,

Demand Side Management

○ Asset Management Equipment Condition Monitoring Equipment Maintenance Dynamic Adjustment of Operating Limits

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Enterprise Level Integration – DATA ASSETS

Currently Limited Stalled Capacity for Interoperability - Islands of Information

Information – Enterprise Asset

Need of the hour – Enterprise Level Integration of Information to provideSingle, Consistent view of InformationAccurate DataTimely Access

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Enterprise Information Integration – Making GRIDS SMARTER

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Conceptually…Enterprise Level

Information Integration

Real-Time Notification, Control

and Process Integration

Transaction Based Data Exchange

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Hardware Supports Integrated Communications Sensing and Measurement Advanced Components

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Sensing and MeasurementReal timeAutomated Meter ReadingAdvanced Metering Infra2-way communicatorLocal mesh networked smart meter has a

hub which interfaces 900MHz smart meters to the metering automation server via landline.

Adjusts supply with demand

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Advanced ComponentsPresent Network of DistributionHigh Speed ComputersMobile communication TowersControl System Tools

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Echelon NES-Networked Energy Services

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ComponentsSmart metersData ConcentratorSystem Management

○ NES Element ManagerInstallation, Monitoring, Performance Measurement,

Meter-to-data assignment, configuration etc.System Software

○ Service Oriented Architecture

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Features of NESON demand readingLoad profilingPower Quality MeasurementFlexible Tariffs Eg. time of use, critical peak, real

time, prepayment pricingsRF Extensions into homeT&D faults detectionReal time outage and theft detectionReverse Metering for alternative energyUses Distribution Line CarrierReliability and Scalability30 million Meters Saving 500million Euros/yearly

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Partners of EchelonOracleDevelco-RFHCLLackman Metering-Meter HardwareWiMet-Wireless CommunicationZirode-Implementing AMIOnzo-Customer Intelligence

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CHALLENGES FOR SMART GRID

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A recent project from security consultancy IOActive determined that an attacker with $500 of equipment and materials and a background in electronics and software engineering could take command and control of the [advanced meter infrastructure] allowing for the en masse manipulation of service to homes and businesses.

According to a report in the National Journal last year, hackers in China may have already used what little infotech intelligence there is on the current power grid to cause two major U.S. blackouts.

Security Challenges

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Blackout attacks

Data theft

Billing frauds

The Road Ahead..

Greater co-ordination in deployment and security testing

Independent penetration testers

Independent third-party security assessments

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Political Challenge "Democratic congressional leaders and the Obama

administration indicated Monday" in "a clean energy conference," which was "focused extensively on the need for a national 'smart' grid," that "they will push for greater federal authority

The Wall Street Journal notes that the move "raises the prospect of conflict between federal energy regulators and state and local authorities, which have typically wielded extensive influence over decisions on the construction and location of new transmission lines."

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Utility giants say the U.S. government should have sweeping powers to approve high-voltage lines, especially if they're transporting renewable energy. While states would have input," the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission "would have the final say and could allocate the cost burden among customers in various states.

What needs to be done..

Therefore, an understanding at the National level is required for successful and quick implementation of a project of such scale and scope. Greater transparency and solid policy framework will be needed.

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Financing Challenge Installation of 3,000 miles of transmission lines to carry

renewable energy to population centers and 40 million smart electric meters in homes across the United States.

Billions of dollars would be required for any nation of comparable size to fund such a project.

Newly proposed legislation would limit FERC's ability to allocate the costs of new transmission lines. Now FERC chairman Jon Wellinghoff says he agrees that only those who benefit from new lines should pay.

This makes it more expensive and difficult to finance new projects.

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Technological Challenge Standardization

Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. According to Section 1305 of the act, this interoperability framework “shall be flexible, uniform, and technology neutral” and “align policy, business, and technology approaches in a manner that would enable all electric resources, including demand-side resources, to contribute to an efficient, reliable electricity network.”

Some components, like the Power System Stabilizers (PSS) installed on generators are very expensive, require complex integration in the grid's control system, are needed only during emergencies, but are only effective if other suppliers on the network have them. Without any incentive to install them, power suppliers don't.

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Complex Information & Communication Systems

Most utilities find it difficult to justify installing a communications infrastructure for a single application (e.g. meter reading). Because of this, a utility must typically identify several applications that will use the same communications infrastructure – for example, reading a meter, monitoring power quality, remote connection and disconnection of customers, enabling demand response, etc

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Present & Future Development

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Traditional Grid

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Features: Grid are based on Large Power Stations Connected to high Voltage Transmission Systems They supply power to Medium & Low Voltage Distribution Systems Power Flow in One Direction No Consumer Participation and end to end Communication

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Time Frame Analysis-Pre 2010

Implications In Energy Management Substantial Power & Transmission Losses Ageing Infrastructure in most regions One Way Metering of Consumption

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Post 2010

Advantages Several Small generating units Advanced Metering Infrastructure facilitates 2 way Communication Increased Efficiencies Reduced OPEX & Environmental effects

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Grids of Future

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Features Accommodate Bi directional Flows Safety, Security, Reliability, Power Quality,

Cost of Supply & Energy efficiency –examined in new ways

Liberalization of Energy Markets Benefits of Competition, Choice & Incentives Thus there would be democratization of

energy

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SUGGESTIONS AND

QUESTIONS INVITED