“SMART” CARS

By Ilya Rozanov

WHAT’S A SMART CAR? We all know what is smartphones, smart

tv, smart watch. Car with an internet access? Does it makes coffee?

NO! NOT THIS SMART CAR!

AUTONOMOUS CAR Also known as a driverless car, driver-free car, self-

driving car or robot car. It is an autonomous vehicle capable of fulfilling the

human transportation capabilities of a traditional car.

As an autonomous vehicle, it is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input

CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM In the United States, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has

established an official classification system:

Level 0: The driver completely controls the vehicle at all times. Level 1: Individual vehicle controls are automated, such as electronic stability control or

automatic braking. Level 2: At least two controls can be automated in unison, such as adaptive cruise

control in combination with lane keeping. Level 3: The driver can fully cede control of all safety-critical functions in certain

conditions. The car senses when conditions require the driver to retake control and provides a "sufficiently comfortable transition time" for the driver to do so.

Level 4: The vehicle performs all safety-critical functions for the entire trip, with the driver not expected to control the vehicle at any time. As this vehicle would control all functions from start to stop, including all parking functions, it could include unoccupied cars.

POSITIVE SIDES (+) Fewer traffic collisions Increased roadway capacity and reduced traffic congestion Relief of vehicle occupants from driving and navigation chores. Higher speed limit for autonomous cars. Removal of constraints on occupants' state. Alleviation of parking scarcity. Comfort overnight travel. Elimination of redundant passengers Reduction of space required for vehicle parking. Reduction in the need for traffic police and vehicle insurance. Reduction of physical road signage Smoother ride. Lesser fuel consumption.

NEGATIVE SIDES (-) Liability for damage. Resistance for individuals to forfeit control of their cars. Software reliability. Cyber Security. Establishment of government regulations for self-driving cars. Reliance on autonomous drive produces less experienced drivers for when manual drive is

needed. Loss of driver-related jobs. Loss of privacy. Autonomous cars relying on lane markings. Temporary construction zones. Increases costs.

FIRST DRIVERLESS CAR First time driverless cars have been

built in 1920-1930s. Cars was controlled with radio signals Next were cars powered by circuits

embedded in the roadway and controlled by radio

FIRST AUTONOMOUS CARS The VaMP driverless car was one of the first truly autonomous cars along

with its twin vehicle, the VITA-2. They were able to drive in heavy traffic for long distances without human

intervention, using computer vision to recognize rapidly moving obstacles such as other cars, and automatically avoid and pass them.

The VaMP was constructed by the team of Ernst Dickmanns at the Bundeswehr University of Munich and Mercedes-Benz in the 1990s as part of the 800 million ECU EUREKA Prometheus Project on autonomous vehicles (1987–1995)

VAMP It was a 500 SEL Mercedes re-engineered

such that it was possible to control steering wheel, throttle, and brakes through computer commands based on real-time evaluation of image sequences. 

Software was written that translated sensory data into appropriate driving commands.

THE CAR OF TODAY In the last five years a great progress were made in making an autonomous

car. Volvo started their project Drive me car, driving on public roads. These cars can be already seen on the streets of Swedish city of Goteborg. By the year 2017 this cars will be 100.

NAVIA In January 2014, Induct Technology's

Navia shuttle became the first self-driving vehicle to be available for commercial sale.

Speed to 12.5 miles per hour (20.1 km/h)

Electric vehicle Max up to eight people. It is intended to shuttle people around

"pedestrianized city centers, large industrial sites, airports, theme parks, university campuses or hospital complexes.

MERCEDES STOP&GO PILOT Only for additional €2,678 Available in its €79,800

flagship S-Class sedan. 12 ultrasonic detectors 5 cameras 6 radar sensors,

LONDON HEATHROW AIRPORT In autumn 2011 the London

Airport Heathrow announced that its starting to use autonomous 4 men busses.

There are now 21 of them Max speed is 40km/h Free of charge

CAR OF TOMORROW Not the Toyota Prius Car of tomorrow is what inside

GOOGLE DRIVERLESS CAR It is the first car that was allowed to be tested on

public roads.

It has a special license plate: red plate with infinity sign.

The driverless software is called The Google Chauffeur.

WHATS ABOUT IT

WHATS ABOUT IT 2 Google's robotic cars have about $150,000 in equipment The main is $70,000 64-beam LIDAR (laser radar) system. Lidar (also written LIDAR or LiDAR) is a remote sensing technology that

measures distance by illuminating a target with a laser and analyzing the reflected light.

This laser allows the vehicle to generate a detailed 3D map of its environment.

The car then takes these generated maps and combines them with high-resolution maps of the world, producing different types of data models that allow it to drive itself.

THIS IS HOW GOOGLE SEES US

TODAY AUTONOMOUS FEATURES

TODAY AUTONOMOUS FEATURES 2 advanced front-lighting system blind spot monitor lane departure warning system advanced automatic collision notification automotive night vision automatic parking traffic sign recognition collision avoidance system driver monitoring system autonomous cruise control

A LEGEND It is said that Bill Gates once compared computers with automobiles and

concluded, “If GM(General Motors) had kept up with the technology like the computer industry, we would be driving $25 cars that got 1,000 miles to the gallon.”

In response, according to the legend, General Motors issued the following press release.

If General Motors developed technology like Microsoft, motor vehicles would have the following characteristics:

Automobiles would frequently crash for no apparent reason. This would be so common that motorists would simply accept it, restart their car and continue driving.

Occasionally, for no reason, all doors would lock, and motorists could only enter their vehicle by simultaneously lifting the door handle, turning the key, and holding the radio antenna.

Vehicles would occasionally shut down completely and refuse to restart, requiring motorists to reinstall their engine.

Every time GM introduced a new model, car buyers would have to relearn to drive because all controls would operate in a new manner.

Whenever roadway lines are repainted motorists would need to purchase a new car that accommodates the new “operating system.”

Cars could normally carry only one passenger unless the driver paid extra for a multi-passenger license.

Apple would make a car powered by the sun, more reliable, five times as fast, that required half the effort to drive, but could operate on just five per cent of roads.

Oil, water temperature and alternator warning lights would be replaced by a single 'general car default' warning light.

Airbags would ask, 'Are you sure?' before deployment. Vehicle buyers would be required to also purchase a set of deluxe road maps from Rand-McNally

(a GM subsidiary), regardless of whether or not they want it. A trained mechanic would be required to delete them from the glove compartment.

To shut off the engine drivers would press the 'start' button.