SmallHydro Power Generation-IIT Mandi May16

8/13/2019 SmallHydro Power Generation-IIT Mandi May16

1/52

Course on

Integrating Renewable Energy Sources into EmergingElectric Power Systems

(16-20 May, 2011)

IIT Mandi

SMALL HYDRO POWER GENERATIONSMALL HYDRO POWER GENERATION

By :

Dr. R.P. SainiDr. R.P. Saini

Associate Professor

Alternate Hydro Energy Centre,

Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Roorkee - 247 667, INDIA


2/52

ENERGYENERGY

Conventional Sources of Ener!

T"er#al H!$ro%o&er Nuclear

Non'conventional(rene&a)le* Source of Ener!

Solar Win$ +io#ass S#all H!$ro


3/52

HYDRO POWER ,HYDRO POWER ,SO-RCE O. ENERGYSO-RCE O. ENERGY W"! "!$ro%o&er is calle$ rene&a)le source of ener!/

because it uses and not consumesthe water for generation of

electricity, and leaves this vital resource available for other uses.


4/52

WORLD WIDE CLASSI.ICATION O. SMALLWORLD WIDE CLASSI.ICATION O. SMALL

HYDROPOWERHYDROPOWER

-0 (N..O* 1 2 MW

-NIDO 1 34 MW

In$ia 1 52 MW

S&e$en 1 32 MW

Colo#)ia 1 54 MW

Australia 1 54 MW

C"ina 1 52 MW

P"ili%%ines 1 24 MW

Ne& 6ealan$ 1 24 MW


5/52

CLASSI.ICATION O. SHP IN INDIACLASSI.ICATION O. SHP IN INDIA

Class Station Ca%acit!

Micro -%to 344 7W

Mini 343 7W to 5444 7W

S#all 5443 7W to 52444 7W


6/52

POWER E8-ATION O. HYDROPOWER E8-ATION O. HYDRO

Water is fe$ fro# strea#9canal to t"e tur)ine )! aclose$ %i%e (%enstoc7* t"rou" $iversion &or7s: T"e

tur)ine in turn rotates t"e enerator for electricit!

eneration:

Po&er (7W* ; Disc"are (cu#9s* >

Hea$ (#* > Efficienc!


7/52


8/52

TYPE O. SCHEMESTYPE O. SCHEMESR-N O. RI?ERNo storae:

T"e out%ut is su)@ect to instantaneous flo&:Relia)ilit! of $isc"are an$ eoloical con$itions

s"oul$ )e ensure$:

CANAL +ASED

-tilises t"e fall an$ flo& in t"e canals:Ma! )e %lanne$ in #ain canal or in )!e'%ass canal:Near)! $ro%s s"oul$ )e clu))e$ in e>istin canals:In canals un$er %lannin concentrate$ $ro%s s"oul$

)e consi$ere$:DAM +ASEDDa# toe sc"e#es are #ost co##on in In$ia:Water store$ $urin #onsoon is utilise$ for %o&er

eneration:


9/52


10/52


11/52


12/52

INTA0E STR-CT-REINTA0E STR-CT-RE

Assure$ &ater su%%l!

Suita)le ualit! of &ater

Control over su%%l! of &ater

Safet! aainst floo$


13/52

TYPE O. WEIRSTYPE O. WEIRS

Trenc" &eir

Roc7 fill &eirs

?ertical $ro% &eirs

Concrete &eir &it" slo%in lacis

Coan$a &eir

Inflate$ &eir9 Ru))er $a#


14/52

COANDA SCREEN ENERA! ARRANE"EN#

Installed on

downstream face of

weir/waterfall

High sweeping

elocity ! de"ris

washed off screen

High capacity ! shear

and Coanda effect


15/52

"ANDAA!O$A - SRI !AN%A &,2'' !(S

Installed in a deeloping country

# to aoid e$pensie de!silting and ma$imise tur"ine operation

# for relia"ility and low maintenance


16/52

IN.LATED WEIRIN.LATED WEIR

In t"is s!ste# ru))er )a is )olte$ on concrete floor&it" river )e$ level9&eir crest:

T"e ru))er )a is co#%rise$ of #ulti%le inter &oven

la!ers of c"loro%rene ru))er an$ n!lonB &"ic" %rovi$e

e>cellent friction an$ &eat"er resistance %ro%erties:

T"ere are no& at %ro)a)l! over several t"ousan$

installations an$ Manufacture$ in C"inaB .ranceB

Ger#an!B -SA an$ a%an:


17/52


18/52

Lo& "ea$ &eir for

SHP in inv"a C"ina


19/52

TYPES O. POWER CHANNELTYPES O. POWER CHANNEL

O%en C"annel

Rectanular

Tra%eoi$al

Trianular

Close$ Con$uit

Reinforce$ concrete %i%e

P?C %i%es

Steel %i%es


20/52

MATERIALS .OR LININGMATERIALS .OR LINING

Stone Masonr! Concrete linin

Linin &it" LDPE

S"ortcrete linin

+ric7 tiles linin

RCC section


21/52

DESIGN O. LINED CHANNELSDESIGN O. LINED CHANNELS

8 ; 39n AR59

SF

W"ereB 8 ; $isc"areB #9s

n ; Mannins coefficient

R ; H!$raulic ra$ius (#*

A ; Cross'Sectional Area (#5*

S ; T"e lonitu$inal slo%e:


22/52

DESILTING ARRANGEMENTSDESILTING ARRANGEMENTS

Preventive T"e entr! of se$i#ent c"ec7e$)efore its entr! into t"e "ea$ reulation:

T"ese are constructe$ in t"e strea#s:

Curative T"e se$i#ent is e>clu$e$ fro# t"e

c"annel after its entr! &it" t"e c"annel:

T"ese are constructe$ in t"e c"annel:


23/52

The desilting tank is designed considering following arameters!

" Silt article si#e coarser than $.% mm are to be removed.

" &ori#ontal velocity '(h)" $.*$ m+s

" Settling velocity '(f) " $.$* m+s

" ross"sectional area of the tank '-idth 'b) deth 'd) /

" 0ength of tank /

DESILTING TAN0DESILTING TAN0

hV

Q

f

h

V

hV


24/52

DESILTING TAN0


25/52

.ORE+AY.ORE+AY

P-RPOSES O. .ORE+AYP-RPOSES O. .ORE+AY

To %rovi$e i##e$iate &ater $e#an$ on startin t"eeneratin unit

It can serve as a final settlin )asin

T"e fore)a! %rovi$es so#e storae in case of su$$en

failure of t"e s!ste#

To s%ill t"e e>tra &ater

A )asin locate$ @ust )efore t"e entrance to t"e %enstoc7


26/52


27/52


28/52

STORAGESTORAGE

-suall! $esine$ for a storae of 5 #inutes

A $ea$ storae of a)out 4:2 # $e%t" is %rovi$e$

for silt accu#ulation

PENSTOC0PENSTOC0


29/52

PENSTOC0PENSTOC0

Steel Pi%e

P:?:C

Reinforce$ Concrete Pi%e an$ Prestresse$

concrete %i%e

Glassfi)re reinforce$ %lastic %i%e

Woo$ stave

Glass fi)re reinforce$ concrete


30/52

POWER HO-SE +-ILDING


31/52

POWER HO-SE +-ILDINGPOWER HO-SE +-ILDING

Po&er "ouse )uil$in is a )i "all

Acco##o$ate #ac"ine (tur)ines Generatorsetc:* Sufficient "ei"t to acco##o$ate crane

o%erations Sufficient s%ace for #aintenance Sufficient s%ace for control o%erations It can )e constructe$ as a steel structure It can )e constructe$ as Reinforce concrete

for#e$ structure .or re#ote "ill! sites %refa) )uil$ins can )e

use$ &"ic" are eas! to trans%ort an$ uic7

installation

GENERAL LAYO-T O. POWER STATION


32/52

GENERAL LAYO-T O. POWER STATIONGENERAL LAYO-T O. POWER STATION

T"e #ain #ac"ine "all (-nit )a!*

Erection )a!

Control )a!

Ot"er services areas


33/52


34/52

ELECTRO MECHANICAL E8-IPMENTELECTRO MECHANICAL E8-IPMENT


35/52

C!ASSI)ICA#ION O) #*R+INES

Iuse Reaction

Peton, #ur/o 01ee,

Cross )o )rancis A3ia )o

Proeer, Sei %aan,%aan

PE!#ON #*R+INEPE!#ON #*R+INE


36/52

PE!#ON #*R+INEPE!#ON #*R+INE

CROSS )!O0 #*R+INECROSS )!O0 #*R+INE


37/52

CROSS )!O0 #*R+INECROSS )!O0 #*R+INE

#*RO I"P*!SE #*R+INE#*RO I"P*!SE #*R+INE


38/52

#*RO I"P*!SE #*R+INE#*RO I"P*!SE #*R+INE

)RANCIS #*R+INE)RANCIS #*R+INE


39/52




40/52


%AP!AN #*R+INE%AP!AN #*R+INE


41/52

%AP!AN #*R+INE%AP!AN #*R+INE

+*!+ #*R+INE+*!+ #*R+INE


42/52

+*!+ #*R+INE+*!+ #*R+INE

S#RA )!O0 #*R+INES#RA )!O0 #*R+INE


43/52

S#RA )!O0 #*R+INES#RA )!O0 #*R+INE


44/52

SELECTION O. HYDROSELECTION O. HYDRO

T-R+INEST-R+INES

SPECI)IC SPEED )OR ARIO*S #$PES O)SPECI)IC SPEED )OR ARIO*S #$PES O)


45/52

SPECI)IC SPEED )OR ARIO*S #$PES O)SPECI)IC SPEED )OR ARIO*S #$PES O)

#*R+INES#*R+INES#5es of Runner Ns

Peton &2 '

#ur/o 2' 7'

Crossfo 2' '

)rancis ' 4''

Proeer an8 %aan 4' &'''

Secific see8,

01ere, N #ur9ine, RP"

P Rate8 Poer, k0

: :ea8,

H

PN=N 1.25s

HEAD & DISCHARGEHEAD & DISCHARGE


46/52

HEAD & DISCHARGEHEAD & DISCHARGE

Head and discharge

Specific speed

Variation of head

Maximum efficiency

Part load efficiency

Initial cost of civil work Number of units

Cavitation characteristics

Runnin ! maintenancecost

"ransportation limitation


47/52

HYDRO GENERATORSHYDRO GENERATORS

#$PES O) ENERA#OR#$PES O) ENERA#OR


48/52

#$PES O) ENERA#OR#$PES O) ENERA#OR

In8uction enerator

%rid &ependent

'ow Cost

'ower Efficiency

(impler Controls

S5nc1ronous enerator

)niersal Application,

(tand alone

Higher efficiency

Higher Cost

ECONOMIC ASPECTS O. SHP SCHEMESECONOMIC ASPECTS O. SHP SCHEMES


49/52

ECONOMIC ASPECTS O. SHP SCHEMESECONOMIC ASPECTS O. SHP SCHEMES

Para#eters affectin cost are

P"!sical sies of Civil Wor7s an$ EJM Eui%#ents Construction As%ects O%eratin costs

-nit cost of "!$ro sc"e#es is inversel! %ro%ortional

to t"e "ea$

O%ti#al $esin )! o%ti#iin %o&er losses:

H-MAN RESO-RCE RE8-IREMENTH-MAN RESO-RCE RE8-IREMENT


50/52

Sta/e E8ucation !e;e

En/ineerin/ Dioa inEn//.

#ec1nicianI#I

*lanning + +

&esign + + !!

E$ecution - +

.0 1 + 2

Total 345 5 4

H-MAN RESO-RCE RE8-IREMENTH-MAN RESO-RCE RE8-IREMENT

In an o%ti#istic esti#ateB a %lant of 3 MW (an averae sie* reuires

t"e follo&in "u#an resource:

INDIAN E8-IPMENT MAN-.ACT-RERSINDIAN E8-IPMENT MAN-.ACT-RERS


51/52

INDIAN E8-IPMENT MAN-.ACT-RERSINDIAN E8-IPMENT MAN-.ACT-RERS

(Source: Indian Manufacturers)

S No Manufacturers Colla)oration T!%e

3 Alsto#B +aro$a Alsto#B .rance ?

5 +HELB Har$&ar J +"o%al .u@iB a%an Tec"nical

+ovin .ouressB

+analore

0vaernaener +ovin

no& GE -09 Nor&a!

?

K HPPB Del"i HPP .rance ?

2 !otiB ?a$o$ra Gil7sB -0 ( no& e>%ire$*Tur)o Institute of

Slovenia

Tec"nical

0irlos7arB Pune E)ara Cor% B a%an Tec"nical

?A Tec" Esc"er W!ss

.lovelB .ari$a)a$

?A Tec"B Austria ?

= Triveni En Lt$B Del"i EsacB .ranceB Litostro@B

Slovenia

Tec"nical

< Steel In$ustiesB T"issur 0oesslerBAusria Tec"nical

Offices of ?oet" Sie#ens (Ger#an!*B A++B .ui an$ Hitac"i (a%an*B

Tec"ni% Gan@ (Hunar!*B C0D +lans7o (Cec"* are t"ere in In$ia


52/52

Documents

SmallHydro Power Generation-IIT Mandi May16