Diuretics - outline

Furosemide (also bumetanide) ( limits uric acid excretion) Loop diuretic Pulmonary oedema, chronic heart failure, ascites due to liver cirrhosis, hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia

Hydrochlorothiazide(limits Calcium & uric acid excretion) Hypertension, mild heart failure, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, kidney stones

Spironolactone Hypertension, used with loop diuretics to prevent potassium loss, primary & secondary aldosteronism

Amiloride- Used with other diuretics to prevent potassium loss

Mannitol (IV administration) no effect on sodium excretion Cerebral oedema, Increased IOP

Drugs of Respiratory System

Xanthine Bronchodilators Aminophylline, Theophyline reversible airway obstruction, COPD, apnea of prematurity

Anticholinergic bronchodilator Ipratropium (Atrovent) - COPD, brochospasm due to Asthma , inhalation for rhinorrhea

Beta 2 Agaonists Albuterol, Salbuterol, Formeterol, Metalproterenol, Levealbuteral COPD, Asthma as bronchodilators

Beta 2 agonist Isoproterenol COPD, Arrythmia(Bradycardia)

Mucolytic Acetyl cysteine Reduces mucous viscosity, antidote for acetaminophen toxicity(IV)

Expectorant Guaifenesin (Mucinex, Robotussin, Hytuss, Guaituss) Helps to eliminate mucous throughcough indicated in viral URTI, COUGH,chronic lung conditions

Antihistamines Fexofinadine(Allegra) Loratidine(Claritin) Diphenylhydramine(Benadryl) - Rhinitis, Urticaria(idiopathic)as a sedative( depends on drug)

Corticosteroid Beclomethasone, Budosenide(Pulmicort respules) Fluticasone, Triamcinalone anti-inflammatory, asthma prophylaxis

Mast cell stabilizer Cromolyn(Gastrocrom) Mild to moderate asthma, allergic asthma

Leukotrein receptor antagonist Montelukast, Zafirlukast, Zyleuton Prevention and treatment of chronic asthma, seasonal allergic rhinitis, anti-inflammatory. ( while using this only beta 2 agonists are to be used for bronchodilation)

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Rumiflast reduces the risk of exacerbation of brochitis and asthma.

Anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs and DMARDs

Ibuprofen COX-1 inhibitor OA, RA, musculoskeletal disorder, dysmenorrhea

Aspirin Antithrombotic in Myocardial infarction - ( not usually used as Analgesic in musculoskeletal disorder)

Paracetamol Mild to moderate pain mostly headache, most commonly used NSAID

Colecoxib selective COX-2 inhibitor RA, OA, AS, (No antiplatelet action)

Methotrexate Most effective for RA,Psoriasis, AS, Polymyositis, vasculitis, anti-cancer agent

Sulphasalazine RA, juvenile RA, inflammatory bowel disease

Leflunomide RA(with methotrexate)

Infliximab RA (with methotrexate) if other DMARDs have failed in mangaing the disease

Allopurinol Prevents episodes of gout

Colchicine prevents episodes of gout

Accolate Zafirlukast Leukotreine receptor antagonist prevention and treatment of chronic asthma 5years and older

Accupril/Accuretic Quinapril Hydrochloride ACE inhibitor -Hypertension, Oedema, Heart failure

Acephen ( rectal suppositary) Acetaminophen Arthritis, Headache, muscle ache, back ache, tooth ache, colds and fever

Acetadote(injection) -Acetylscysteine antidote for Acetaminophen overdose effects

Actigall capsules Ursodiol (natural bile acid) non-calcified smaller gall stones, primary biliary cirrhosis(improves bile flow)

Acular LS (Ophthalmic solution) Ketorolac tromethamine (NSAID) eye itching, seasonal allergies, swelling-pain-burning-stinging after cataract surgery or corneal refractive surgery

Adalat CC (Extended release tablets) Nifidepine Calcium channel blocker angina, hypertension

Adderall XR Amphetamine&Dextroamphetamine- CNS stimulant ADHD, Narcolepsy

Advil (Cold & Sinus) Ibuprofen & Pseudoephedrine combination stuffy nose, sinus congestion, cold, flu, fever, cough, pain . (Ibuprofen NSAID pain & fever, Pseudoephedrine-decongestant shrinks blood vessels in the nasal passages)

Agrylin Anagrelide Lowers blood platelet count Thrombocythemia/thrombocytosis

Aldactazide -Hydrochlorthiazide & Spironolactone HTN, Oedema of CHF, Liver cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome

Aldactone Spironolactone K+ sparing diuretic, - oedema of CHF, Liver cirrhosis and Nephrotic syndrome, treatment & prevention of hypokalemia

Aldomet Methyldopa( relaxes arteries and veins, makes the heart beat slowly and easily) Hypertension

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Aldoril Methyldopa + Hydrochlorthiazide HTN

Carbimazole/propylthiouracil/methimazole Hyperthyroidism

Levothyroxine(Synthetic T4)/ LIOTHYRONINE( T3) - Hypothyroidism

Radioiodine/ radioactive iodine Thyrotoxicosis