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Slow-Light Photonic Crystal Waveguides Key Enabler For Future Optical Network Technologies. Panagiotis Kanakis , UOA Thomas Kamalakis, HUA Adonis Bogris , TEI of Athens. 18 th Panhellenic Conference on Informatics 2-4 October 2014. Outline. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Slow-Light Photonic Crystal Waveguides
Key Enabler For Future Optical Network Technologies
Panagiotis Kanakis, UOAThomas Kamalakis, HUA
Adonis Bogris, TEI of Athens
18th Panhellenic Conference on Informatics 2-4 October 2014
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Outline• Problems and limitations of electronics in
optical network nodes.
• Optical Transparency : PCW.
• PCW applications.
• Designing slow-light PCW.
• Conclusions.
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Problems and limitationsElectro-
optic bottleneck
ComplexityPower
Consumption
Cost Footprint
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Future Problems and Limitations
• Heat dissipation.
• Future estimation.
0 1
• Quantum information (qubit)!!!
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Optical Transparency
• Data format independence.
• Opportunity to increase data rate beyond the capabilities of electronics.
• Reduction of total power consumption (due to none or less electro-optic conversions).
• Less need for heat dissipation techniques (i.e. increase of compactness).
• Qubit friendly.
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Photonic Crystal Slab1-D
2-D
3-D
er : Dielectric constant of the RED material.eb : Dielectric constant of the BLUE material.
3-D Slab Waveguide
Bulk Crystal
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Photonic Crystal Waveguide
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Photonic Crystal Waveguide (PCW)
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50.26
0.265
0.27
0.275
k/2
/
2c
0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50.255
0.26
0.265
0.27
k/2
/
2 cLow Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD), β2
Standard W1 waveguide
Dispersion Engineered
How does this help in optical transparency ?
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Photonic Crystal Waveguide (PCW)
Wavelength Conversion
PCWStorage Capacity
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Storage Capabilities of PCWs
0gDBP n
max 1
W g
b
L vN
R
Delay BW Product (DBP) Maximum Storage Capacity
Which is the best design?
Considered design parameters
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Step by Step Optimization Process
Sequence of steps:1st Step 2nd Step 5th Step
Design Parameters:
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Νmax : 1st Step (Rb=40Gb/s)
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50
10
20
30
40
50
k/2
n g
0.35 0.4 0.450
5
10
15
20
25
k/2
Nm
ax
Standard W1
1st Step
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50.258
0.26
0.262
0.264
0.266
0.268
0.27
k/2
/
2c
Band Diagram
Group Index
Storage Capacity
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Νmax : 2nd Step (Rb=40Gb/s)
Storage Capacity
0.35 0.4 0.450
5
10
15
20
25
k/2
Nm
ax
Standard W1
1st Step
2nd Step
0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50.25
0.255
0.26
0.265
0.27
k/2
/
2c
Band Diagram
0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50
10
20
30
40
50
k/2
n g
Group Index
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
0.35 0.4 0.450
5
10
15
20
25
30
k/2
Nm
ax
Standard W1
1st Step
2nd Step
4th Step
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
0.258
0.26
0.262
0.264
0.266
0.268
k/2
/
2c
Νmax : 4th Step (Rb=40Gb/s)Band Diagram
Design Specifications
y1/a y2/a y3/a r1/a Nmax ng
4th Step
0.1297 -0.0248 0.399 0.25 31.2 24
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Νmax : 4th Step (Rb=100Gb/s)
0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
k/2
Nm
ax
Standard W1
4th Step
Design Specifications
y1/a y2/a y3/a r1/a Nmax ng
4th Step
0.1394 0.0246 0.0181 0.2645 65 20.4
0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50.255
0.26
0.265
0.27
0.275
k/2
/
2c
Band Diagram
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
All-Optical RAM
• Array of PCW bit memory.
• Total buffering holding time: 168nsec.
• Energy and power consumption 24fJ/bit
and 10μW respectively.
OFC/NFOEC, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 6-10 March 2011
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Wavelength Conversion : FWM
( )
(0)i
s
P L
P
Conversion Efficiency
Efficiency-BW-Tunability (EBT)
EBT
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Step-by-step Optimization Process
Δy1 Δy2 Δy3 r1 r2 r3ΕΒΤ(n
m2)
Βήμα 1ο 0.083 0 0 * * * 1.6
Βήμα 2ο 0.144 0.09
8 0 * * * 2.5
Βήμα 3ο 0.15 0.10
8 0.109 * * * 3.6
Βήμα 4ο 0.147 0.10
8 0.108 0.23 * * 5.2
Βήμα 5ο 0.146 0.09
8 0.013 0.229 0.23 * 6.5
Βήμα 6ο 0.145 0.10
4 0.056 0.2301
0.2305
0.2405 7.7* Unchanged
parameter.
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Optimum PCW design
ηmax -27dB
Δλ 61nm
δλ 58nm
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Summing Up
• We have presented a new design optimization method able to include multiple structural parameters.
• New figure of merits (Nmax and EBT) include real aspects (like propagation loss, dispersion and Bandwidth capabilities) to the estimation of more realistic designs.
• Generally it is still early for PCW optical memories.• Low capacities is currently the major drawback.• However in the future optical memories will not be an
alternative but a necessity due to quantum information.
Our opinion
This research has been funded under the framework of the “Archimedes III: Funding of Research Groups in TEI of Athens”
project of the “Education & Lifelong Learning Operational Programme.”
HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS - HUA
Department of Informatics and Telematics
Thank you.