Slideshare (lesson # 6b)tauheed-course-(batch-january-2014)-shirk&taghut-19-march-2014

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LESSON

“INTRODUCTION TO STUDY OF TAUHEED – (AQA’ID) ”

Intermediate Level Islamic course in English for AdultsIntermediate Level Islamic course in English for Adultsconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

Updated 19 March 2014Updated 19 March 2014

BATCH -

[JANUARY-MAY

2014]

18 weekly class started on : 18 weekly class started on : 15th JANUARY 2014 15th JANUARY 2014

Every Wadnesday night @ 8pm – 10pmEvery Wadnesday night @ 8pm – 10pm

Wisma Indah, 450 Changi Road, #02-00 next to Masjid KassimWisma Indah, 450 Changi Road, #02-00 next to Masjid Kassim

WHAT IS “WHAT IS “SHIRKSHIRK” ?” ?

HOW IDOL WORSHIP STARTEDHOW IDOL WORSHIP STARTED

mailto:[email protected]

TO CONTINUE FROM PREVIOUSTO CONTINUE FROM PREVIOUS


TAUTAUHHEED AL-ULUHIYYAHEED AL-ULUHIYYAH : To assert that only : To assert that only AllahAllah alone is the God alone is the God

((al-ilaahal-ilaah), we must first reject any other (false deities which people ), we must first reject any other (false deities which people

may ascribe) to be God.may ascribe) to be God.

““LAA-ILAA-HA -IL-LALLAH”LAA-ILAA-HA -IL-LALLAH”

NOTE:NOTE:

In this statement it contains 2 aspects:In this statement it contains 2 aspects:

[1] [1] NAFI NAFI – Negation– Negation

[2] [2] ITSBAT ITSBAT - Affirmation - Affirmation


PREVIOUS LESSON

This statement of This statement of TAUTAUHHEEDEED in Islam is concise, yet explicit and clear, as in Islam is concise, yet explicit and clear, as

it firstly removes any ambiguity by negating all ‘it firstly removes any ambiguity by negating all ‘othersothers’ which mankind ’ which mankind

may have erroneously regarded as god (gods or goddesses), prior to may have erroneously regarded as god (gods or goddesses), prior to

asserting that Allah SWT is the Only God.asserting that Allah SWT is the Only God.


PREVIOUS LESSON

If the negation aspect is not done, our notion of the Absolute Oneness If the negation aspect is not done, our notion of the Absolute Oneness

of Allah, indeed, would be compromised. of Allah, indeed, would be compromised.

Without which, Without which, syncretismsyncretism ( combining different and contradictory ( combining different and contradictory

beliefs of other religion with Islam ), may occur.beliefs of other religion with Islam ), may occur.


PREVIOUS LESSON

This “This “negation-assertionnegation-assertion” process, teaches us Muslims that, to be ” process, teaches us Muslims that, to be

worshippers or devotees (‘worshippers or devotees (‘AABIDAABID) of Allah, we must also be wary of ) of Allah, we must also be wary of

every falsehood, which we are to consciously negate or deny, in order every falsehood, which we are to consciously negate or deny, in order

to assert (purely and sincerely) the Truth of the Absolute Oneness of to assert (purely and sincerely) the Truth of the Absolute Oneness of

Allah.Allah.


PREVIOUS LESSON

TAUTAUHHEEDEED in Allah SWT must be opposed to in Allah SWT must be opposed to SHIRKSHIRK

OnlyOnly ALLAH alone ALLAH alone is to be regarded as God (is to be regarded as God (DivineDivine)),, whilst all others whilst all others

are termedare termed ““TAGHUTTAGHUT.”.”


PREVIOUS LESSON

Therefore to have the knowledge of Therefore to have the knowledge of what opposes TAUwhat opposes TAUHHEEDEED is also is also

necessary (obligatory). necessary (obligatory).

We shall have to also learn to identify what are the “We shall have to also learn to identify what are the “TAGHUTTAGHUT “ and “ and

what constitute “what constitute “SHIRKSHIRK””, so that we can avoid them all., so that we can avoid them all.


PREVIOUS LESSON


PREVIOUS LESSON

The term “The term “ “ pronounce ‘“ pronounce ‘SHIRKSHIRK’ – means “’ – means “partner; partner;

associate; one who shares; etcassociate; one who shares; etc.”.”

Therefore in Islam we refer this to the sin of : Therefore in Islam we refer this to the sin of :

“ “associating or ascribing to Allah others, as partners associating or ascribing to Allah others, as partners .”.”

““falsely setting up or ascribing partners to falsely setting up or ascribing partners to God from amongst the tangible objects or God from amongst the tangible objects or imaginary things in creation or conceived in imaginary things in creation or conceived in the mind, which they regard to be also the mind, which they regard to be also ‘Divine’ and directing to it, as object of their ‘Divine’ and directing to it, as object of their worship (worship (MA’BUDMA’BUD).”).”


PREVIOUS LESSON

Traditionally, it is divided into 2 major categories:

[1] SHIRK AL-’AZEEM (AKBAR)

“Greater shirk” – an obvious, clear-cut association; the belief in other

‘deities’ , or supernatural force, or beings etc. apart from Allah,

believed to be possessing divine powers, or regarded to be

independent of Allah.


PREVIOUS LESSON

Traditionally, it is divided into 2 major categories:

[2] SHIRK AL-ASHGHAR or KHAFIY

““Lesser (small) Shirk” Lesser (small) Shirk” or or “Hidden” “Hidden” – it pertains to what a Muslim’s – it pertains to what a Muslim’s

objective, focus or intended reason behind his/her acts of objective, focus or intended reason behind his/her acts of

devotional worship, sacrifice, vows, etc. – i.e. what may affect his devotional worship, sacrifice, vows, etc. – i.e. what may affect his

original intention formulated which, in original intention formulated which, in ‘IBAADAH‘IBAADAH, it must be , it must be

‘sincerely done for Allah’s sake alone.’ (‘sincerely done for Allah’s sake alone.’ (IKHLASwIKHLASw). ).

Example, specificallyExample, specifically: ‘Doing or not doing : ‘Doing or not doing ‘IBADAH‘IBADAH only to be seen by only to be seen by

people – i.e. showing off, or ostentation -(people – i.e. showing off, or ostentation -(RIYA’ RIYA’ ))


PREVIOUS LESSON

““Verily, what I fear most that may afflict all of you is Verily, what I fear most that may afflict all of you is

the small the small SHIRKSHIRK – which is - – which is - AR-RIYA’ AR-RIYA’

(showing off or ostentation in ‘ibaadah)”(showing off or ostentation in ‘ibaadah)”

((Hadith reported by AhmadHadith reported by Ahmad))


PREVIOUS LESSON

““The The SHIRKSHIRK within my ummah is more hidden (subtle) than within my ummah is more hidden (subtle) than

a black ant crawling on a black rock, a black ant crawling on a black rock,

in the darkness of the night”in the darkness of the night”

((Hadith reported by Ahmad, Tabarani & Abu Ya’laHadith reported by Ahmad, Tabarani & Abu Ya’la))


PREVIOUS LESSON


TO CONTINUE FROM PREVIOUSTO CONTINUE FROM PREVIOUS

ALLAH’S WARNING REGARDING VARIOUS TYPES OF SHIRKALLAH’S WARNING REGARDING VARIOUS TYPES OF SHIRK

“ “Now if they embark on a boat, they call on Allah (Now if they embark on a boat, they call on Allah (make Du’amake Du’a), ),

making their devotion sincerely (and exclusively) to Him; but making their devotion sincerely (and exclusively) to Him; but

when He had delivered them safely to (dry) land, beholdwhen He had delivered them safely to (dry) land, behold, they , they

give a sharegive a share (of their worship to others)!” (of their worship to others)!”

((Qur’an: Ankabut: 29: 65Qur’an: Ankabut: 29: 65))





“ “They take their They take their priests and their anchorites to be priests and their anchorites to be

theirtheir lords in derogation of Allahlords in derogation of Allah, and (they take as , and (they take as

their Lord - their Lord - RobbRobb) ) Christ the son of MaryChrist the son of Mary; ;

Yet they were commanded to worship but one Allah: Yet they were commanded to worship but one Allah:

there is no god but He. there is no god but He.

Praise and glory to Him: (far is He) from that which Praise and glory to Him: (far is He) from that which

they ascribe as partner (unto Him)!” they ascribe as partner (unto Him)!”

((Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 31Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 31))



“ “Say: "Verily my Lord hath guided me to a way that is Say: "Verily my Lord hath guided me to a way that is

straight― a religion of right― straight― a religion of right― the path (trod) by Abraham the the path (trod) by Abraham the

true in Faith, and he (certainly) joined not gods with Allahtrue in Faith, and he (certainly) joined not gods with Allah.”.”

(Qur’an : An’am: : 6: 161(Qur’an : An’am: : 6: 161))





Say: "Truly, my prayer and my service of sacrifice, my Say: "Truly, my prayer and my service of sacrifice, my

life and my death are life and my death are (all) for Allah(all) for Allah, the Cherisher of the , the Cherisher of the

Worlds: No partner hath He (Worlds: No partner hath He (LAA SHARII-KALAHULAA SHARII-KALAHU) : ) :

this am I commanded, and I am the first of those who this am I commanded, and I am the first of those who

bow to His Will (bow to His Will (MUSLIMEENMUSLIMEEN). ).

(Qur’an : An’am: : 6: 162(Qur’an : An’am: : 6: 162))





“Yet there are men Yet there are men who take (for worship) others who take (for worship) others

besides Allah, as equal besides Allah, as equal (with Allah); (with Allah); they love them they love them

as they should love Allahas they should love Allah. But those of faith are . But those of faith are

overflowing in their love for Allah. If only the overflowing in their love for Allah. If only the

unrighteous could see, behold, they would see the unrighteous could see, behold, they would see the

Punishment: that to Allah belongs all power, and Punishment: that to Allah belongs all power, and

Allah will strongly enforce the Punishment.” Allah will strongly enforce the Punishment.”

(Qur’an : Baqarah: : 2: 165(Qur’an : Baqarah: : 2: 165))






They say: "(Allah) Most Gracious has begotten a son!" Indeed

ye have put forth a thing most monstrous! At it the skies are

ready to burst, the earth to split asunder, and the mountains to

fall down in utter ruin, that they should invoke a son for (Allah)

Most Gracious. For it is not consonant with the majesty of

(Allah) Most Gracious that He should beget a son. Not one of

the beings in the heavens and the earth but must come to

(Allah) Most Gracious as a servant. ”

(Qur’an: Maryam: 19: 66-93)




““Hence, [O man,] set thy face steadfastly towards the [true] Hence, [O man,] set thy face steadfastly towards the [true]

faith, faith, turning away from all that is false, turning away from all that is false, and and be not among be not among

those who ascribe divinity to aught beside Allahthose who ascribe divinity to aught beside Allah..

Thus, do not invoke (Thus, do not invoke (DU’A DU’A * * ), side by side with Allah, ), side by side with Allah,

anything that can neither benefit thee nor harm thee: for, anything that can neither benefit thee nor harm thee: for,

behold, if thou do it, thou wilt surely be among the behold, if thou do it, thou wilt surely be among the

evildoers!” evildoers!”

(Qur’an : Yunus: : 10: 105-106(Qur’an : Yunus: : 10: 105-106))* * Meaning supplication as in Meaning supplication as in ‘IBADAH‘IBADAH





““He is the Ever-Living; there is no deity except Him, so He is the Ever-Living; there is no deity except Him, so

((FAD-’UUHU FAD-’UUHU **) call upon Him, [being] sincere to Him in ) call upon Him, [being] sincere to Him in

religion. [All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worlds. religion. [All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worlds.

Say, [O Muhammad], "Say, [O Muhammad], "Indeed, I have been forbidden to Indeed, I have been forbidden to

worship those you call upon worship those you call upon ((TAD-’UUNA TAD-’UUNA **)) besides besides

Allah once the clear proofs have come to me from my Allah once the clear proofs have come to me from my

LordLord, and I have been commanded to submit to the Lord , and I have been commanded to submit to the Lord

of the worlds.”of the worlds.”

((Qur’an: Ghafir: 40: 65-66Qur’an: Ghafir: 40: 65-66))* * Meaning supplication as in Meaning supplication as in ‘IBADAH‘IBADAH


““AD-DU’AAD-DU’A (Supplication) is the marrow (essence) of (Supplication) is the marrow (essence) of

AL-‘IBADAH AL-‘IBADAH (worship, servitude).”(worship, servitude).”

((Hadith reported by BukharyHadith reported by Bukhary))


““AD-DU’AAD-DU’A (Supplication) is (itself) (Supplication) is (itself)

AL-‘IBADAH AL-‘IBADAH (worship, servitude).”(worship, servitude).”

((Hadith reported by TirmidziHadith reported by Tirmidzi))


Thus these are as in the following:

Shirk – setting up of other independent entities as partners to Allah,

as what is done by the pagan idol worshippers. This could be in their

believing in that Allah SWT as having partnership in matters of

exclusive :

[1] Creatorship (KHALIQQIYYAH)

[2] Lordship [RUB-BUBIYYAH]

Even, by acknowledging a rivalry to Allah – as in some culture who Even, by acknowledging a rivalry to Allah – as in some culture who

blasphemously places Satan on this pedestal; or the blasphemously places Satan on this pedestal; or the Ahura Mazda Ahura Mazda

versus versus Angra Mainyu (Good vs Evil) Angra Mainyu (Good vs Evil) of the Zoroastrian belief; etc.of the Zoroastrian belief; etc.


Thus these are as in the following:Thus these are as in the following:

ShirkShirk – of attributing falsehood to concept of Divinity [ – of attributing falsehood to concept of Divinity [ULUHIYYAHULUHIYYAH] - ] -

as though ‘Godhead’ can be divisible with their false notion of it as though ‘Godhead’ can be divisible with their false notion of it

being Triune (as in Christian’s doctrine); or believing in the being Triune (as in Christian’s doctrine); or believing in the

reincarnation or in-dwelling (reincarnation or in-dwelling (HULULHULUL / /ITTIHADITTIHAD) of God in creation.) of God in creation.

ShirkShirk – attributing Allah with anthropomorphism, conceiving Him as – attributing Allah with anthropomorphism, conceiving Him as

having forms, limited by space, time etc. [having forms, limited by space, time etc. [SIFAAT - WA - ASMA’SIFAAT - WA - ASMA’] ]

ShirkShirk - setting up intermediaries and directing worship to it, alleging - setting up intermediaries and directing worship to it, alleging

that they have divine authority to gaining nearness to Allah SWT.that they have divine authority to gaining nearness to Allah SWT.

ShirkShirk – exclusive obedience ( – exclusive obedience (TA’ATTA’AT) to others besides Allah SWT ) to others besides Allah SWT

alone.alone.All Rights Reserved ©Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail.2014


Thus these are as in the following:

Shirk – blindly imitating others in their worship of their MA’BUD (object or

entities of which they direct their worship to) as in condoning them.

Shirk – in believing that the natural causes (ASBAB), as being absolute and

independent of Allah’s control.

Shirk – in doing specific religious devotions (‘IBADAH KHUSUSIYAH) which

are to be done solely (sincerely) for Allah SWT – viz. Swolah, fasting, vows,

pilgrimage, Du’a, animal sacrifice, etc. but instead done for other purposes

e.g. RIYA’, NIFAQ – or done with sinister motive of fulfilling a condition in

doing SIHIR (magic / sorcery).

““Verily, what I fear most that may afflict all of you is Verily, what I fear most that may afflict all of you is

the small the small SHIRKSHIRK – which is - – which is - AR-RIYA’ AR-RIYA’

(showing off or ostentation in ‘ibaadah)”(showing off or ostentation in ‘ibaadah)”

((Hadith reported by AhmadHadith reported by Ahmad))

REMEMBER OUR PROPHET’S CONCERNREMEMBER OUR PROPHET’S CONCERN


““The The SHIRKSHIRK within my ummah is more hidden (subtle) than within my ummah is more hidden (subtle) than

a black ant crawling on a black rock, a black ant crawling on a black rock,

in the darkness of the night”in the darkness of the night”

((Hadith reported by Ahmad, Tabarani & Abu Ya’laHadith reported by Ahmad, Tabarani & Abu Ya’la))

REMEMBER OUR PROPHET’S CONCERNREMEMBER OUR PROPHET’S CONCERN



“From Ibnu ‘Abbas r.a. regarding Allah’s verse :From Ibnu ‘Abbas r.a. regarding Allah’s verse :

"And they have said (to each other) ‘Abandon not your gods; "And they have said (to each other) ‘Abandon not your gods;

abandon neither Wadd nor Suwa, neither Yaguth, nor abandon neither Wadd nor Suwa, neither Yaguth, nor

Ya-’uq, nor Nasr―” Ya-’uq, nor Nasr―”

((Qur’an: Nuh: 70: 23Qur’an: Nuh: 70: 23))


“Ibnu ‘Abbas r.a. said : These (the idols) were named after their Ibnu ‘Abbas r.a. said : These (the idols) were named after their

righteous (pious) people who had lived after Prophet Nuh a.s. era.” righteous (pious) people who had lived after Prophet Nuh a.s. era.”

““After their death, Satan instigated their followers to erect statues After their death, Satan instigated their followers to erect statues

at places where they used to worship (Allah), and to then named at places where they used to worship (Allah), and to then named

these statues with their names.” these statues with their names.”


““Which their followers then erected, but they did not worship these Which their followers then erected, but they did not worship these

statues.”statues.”

“When the first generation all died, they were replaced by

subsequent generation who were ignorant, and had forgotten the

knowledge of the earlier generation.

Thence forth, they began to direct their worship to these idols Thence forth, they began to direct their worship to these idols

(thereby, committed (thereby, committed SHIRKSHIRK).).


Thus, we can discern that the primary cause of Thus, we can discern that the primary cause of SHIRKSHIRK is ignorance is ignorance

i.e. when they imitated blindly (i.e. when they imitated blindly (TAQLEEDTAQLEED) ) rituals in their worship rituals in their worship

to Allah and blindly follow to Allah and blindly follow aspects of beliefaspects of belief without knowledge without knowledge

thereby opening themselves to Satan’s entrapment.thereby opening themselves to Satan’s entrapment.

Thus we are warned by Allah SWT :Thus we are warned by Allah SWT :


Thus, we can discern that the primary cause of Thus, we can discern that the primary cause of SHIRKSHIRK is ignorance is ignorance

i.e. when they imitated blindly (i.e. when they imitated blindly (TAQLEEDTAQLEED) ) rituals in their worship rituals in their worship

to Allah and blindly follow to Allah and blindly follow aspects of belief aspects of belief without knowledge without knowledge

thereby opening themselves to Satan’s entrapment.thereby opening themselves to Satan’s entrapment.

Thus we are warned by Allah SWT :Thus we are warned by Allah SWT :

““And pursue not that of which you have no knowledge; for every And pursue not that of which you have no knowledge; for every

act of hearing, or of seeing or of feeling (in your heart-mind) will act of hearing, or of seeing or of feeling (in your heart-mind) will

be enquired into (on the Day of Reckoning).”be enquired into (on the Day of Reckoning).”((Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 36Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 36))



The Messenger of Allah (s.a.a.w.) said, "Recite The Messenger of Allah (s.a.a.w.) said, "Recite

these words: “(O Allah! Creator of the heavens and these words: “(O Allah! Creator of the heavens and

the earth! Knower of the hidden and the exposed! the earth! Knower of the hidden and the exposed!

Robb (Lord, Sustainer) of everything and every one. Robb (Lord, Sustainer) of everything and every one.

I bear witness that none has the right to be I bear witness that none has the right to be

worshipped but You. I seek Your Protection from worshipped but You. I seek Your Protection from

the evil of my own self from the evil of Satan and the evil of my own self from the evil of Satan and

from the evil of Shirk (to which he calls)."‘from the evil of Shirk (to which he calls)."‘

((Hadith reported by Abu Dawud and TirmidziHadith reported by Abu Dawud and Tirmidzi))




Thus, holdfast to my Thus, holdfast to my SunnahSunnah (ways or teachings) and (ways or teachings) and

the the SunnahSunnah (ways) of my rightly-guided successors (ways) of my rightly-guided successors

((Khulafa’ rashidunKhulafa’ rashidun) after me, and bite upon them (hold ) after me, and bite upon them (hold

tightly to this teaching). Avoid new (innovated) tightly to this teaching). Avoid new (innovated)

matters, for (matters, for (KULLKULL))** every innovation ( every innovation (BID’AHBID’AH) is ) is

misguidance (misguidance (DDOLALAHOLALAH).”).”

((Hadith from Jabir r.a. reported by Abu Dawud and Tirmidzi)Hadith from Jabir r.a. reported by Abu Dawud and Tirmidzi)


* Term “every” used here must mean “most” * Term “every” used here must mean “most”

The word - - ( al-BID’AH) in Arabic means “Introduction

or creating something totally new without there being any

precedence before it”. Thus Allah SWT said:

““To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the earth”To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the earth”

((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 117Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 117))

ADDENDUMADDENDUM


ADDENDUMADDENDUM

Islamic scholars of FIQH differ as to what this term encompasses -

vis-á-vis “SUNNAH”. Thus, there are some who are strictly rigid in

their definition and regard, everything not specifically done by the

Prophet s.a.a.w. to be all “BID’AH ” – therefore to them, all are

these regarded as reprehensible and rejected.

However, the majority Islamic scholars do not reject everything new

i.e. “BID’AH ” as reprehensible, but accept certain innovation which,

although not specifically done by the Prophet s.a.a.w., yet it has

valid SHAR’IAH basis – i.e. it is only ‘new’ in the specific, the type,

detail or method, but still manifesting the principles already

established by Qur’an and As-Sunnah.All Rights Reserved ©Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail.2014

Thus difference of opinion occur when Muslims respond to these

questions:

“Are all BID’AH detested and disallowed (forbidden)?”

“Can BID’AH be categorised as BID’AH HASSANAH (good innovation)

and BID’AH SAY-YI’AH (bad or reprehensible innovation)?”

“Are there any other ways of categorization of BID’AH adopted by

Islamic scholars of the SHARI’AH ? ”

ADDENDUMADDENDUM


ADDENDUMADDENDUM


““To proceed, verily the most truthful of sayings To proceed, verily the most truthful of sayings

is the Book of Allah, and the most favored of is the Book of Allah, and the most favored of

guidance is the guidance of Muhammad, and the guidance is the guidance of Muhammad, and the

most evil of affairs (most evil of affairs (SHAR-RAL-’UMURSHAR-RAL-’UMUR) are matters ) are matters

newly begun (newly begun (MUMUHHDAATHUHADAATHUHA), and every new ), and every new

affairs is innovation (affairs is innovation (BID’AHBID’AH), and (), and (KULLKULL) ) **every every

innovation (innovation (BID’AHBID’AH) is misguidance () is misguidance (DDOLAALAHOLAALAH), ),

and every misguidance will be in Hell-fire.”and every misguidance will be in Hell-fire.”

((Hadith from Jabir r.a. reported by MuslimHadith from Jabir r.a. reported by Muslim))

ADDENDUMADDENDUM


* Term “every” used here must mean “most” * Term “every” used here must mean “most”

In this In this Hadith,Hadith, since the phrase ( since the phrase (MUMUHHDAATHUHADAATHUHA) “) “newly begun newly begun

mattersmatters” comes after phrase asserting the pre-eminence of the Qur’an ” comes after phrase asserting the pre-eminence of the Qur’an

and and as-Sunnahas-Sunnah, it imply that the “ , it imply that the “ new new ” here is regarding any matter ” here is regarding any matter

which is completely detached from or opposed to these two.which is completely detached from or opposed to these two.

Although the Arabic term for “ Although the Arabic term for “ (all) (all) ” literally means “ ” literally means “everyevery” ”

yet it can also be used to mean “yet it can also be used to mean “mostly mostly “ as for this “ as for this HaHadithdith. And the . And the

general term “general term “BID’AH ”BID’AH ” meaning “ meaning “innovationinnovation (which is reprehensible)” (which is reprehensible)”

must be understood to be referring must be understood to be referring only to only to those new matters those new matters

(innovation) (innovation) that does not have any that does not have any SHARI’AH SHARI’AH basis at all, or without basis at all, or without

any religious sanctions regarding its validity and permissibility.any religious sanctions regarding its validity and permissibility.

ADDENDUMADDENDUM


Unfortunately, there are some who still insist that the “all ” here

must mean “every” new matter where the Prophet s.a.a.w. has never

done or known to have specifically approved. Thus they often declare

others as being astray because of their rigid definition of “BID’AH”. But,

does the word ( KULL) used in Qur’an and Ahadith always

means “every” without exception ?

Majority of Islamic scholars do not insist on this one rigid literal

interpretation. This is because there are exception in the Qur’an where

the term “KULL” used does not necessarily mean “every ”.

ADDENDUMADDENDUM


This view has consistently been understood by Islamic scholars,

especially amongst Arabic linguists and Islamic scholars of Tafsir

(Science of Qur’anic commentaries). Those who differ regarding this

were rare, and usually such ‘odd’ interpretation has already been

refuted by reputable Islamic scholars in the past and even present.

Unfortunately, this polemic has recently been revived – directed to

the ordinary Muslims, mostly who are non-Arabic speaking or non-

experts in the Arabic language. Thus, usually when translation from

Arabic to English are made literally as, “all ” or “every ”, it would

seem to mean “all without exception.” But is this understanding

Qur’anic?


ADDENDUMADDENDUM

In the Qur’an and “Ahadith (As-Sunnah) ”, there are verses which

support this understanding - that the term (KULL) although

literally mean “all” or “every”, or when the term - (MAA)

literally meaning “whatever else“ – are used, they usually imply in the

general sense, which does not necessarily mean “absolutely all ”, as

though without exception.

To insist only to the rigid literal specific meaning, may in fact be

opposed to and contradicting the correct Qur’anic usage.

To illustrate, please reflect on these evidence:


ADDENDUMADDENDUM

““But when they forget the warning they had received, We opened to them But when they forget the warning they had received, We opened to them

the gates of the gates of all (good) things all (good) things ((KULLI-SHAI’KULLI-SHAI’), until, in the midst of their ), until, in the midst of their

enjoyment of Our gifts, on a sudden, We called them to account, when lo! enjoyment of Our gifts, on a sudden, We called them to account, when lo!

they were plunged in despair!” (they were plunged in despair!” (Qur’an: An-’am: 6: 44Qur’an: An-’am: 6: 44) )

Obviously here, one door of goodness (the exception), which was

not opened for them was the door of Mercy.

ONE TEXTUAL BASISONE TEXTUAL BASIS


ADDENDUMADDENDUM

“Have those who disbelieved not considered that the heavens and

the earth were a joined entity, and We separated them and made

from water every living thing (KULLA-SHAI’-IN HAYYI)? Then will they

not believe?” (Qur’an: Anbiya’: 21:

30) This “every living thing” obviously do not include the angels and

spirits whom Allah had created them from light and fire.

ANOTHER TEXTUAL BASISANOTHER TEXTUAL BASIS


ADDENDUMADDENDUM

“Indeed, you [disbelievers] and what (WA MAA) you worship other than

Allah are the firewood of Hell. You will be coming to [enter] it.”

(Qur’an: An-’am: 21: 98)

If there is no exception to this “what … you worship”, then what

would happen to Prophet ‘Isa (Jesus) and his mother a.s. which

many Christians worship ?



ADDENDUMADDENDUM

““Destroying (Destroying (KULLA SHAY-I KULLA SHAY-I )everything by the command of its Lord, so )everything by the command of its Lord, so

they became such that naught could be seen they became such that naught could be seen except their dwellingsexcept their dwellings. .

Thus do We reward the guilty people.”Thus do We reward the guilty people.”

((Qur’an: Ahqaf: 46: 25Qur’an: Ahqaf: 46: 25) )

Obviously, the “everything (KULL) ” here is not absolutely all, but had

exceptions, for it did not include “their dwelling” (MASAA-KINUHUM).


WaAllaahu a’lamWaAllaahu a’lam


ADDENDUMADDENDUM


“O ye who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger

and those charged with authority among you. If ye differ

in anything among yourselves, refer it to Allah and His

Messenger if ye do believe in Allah and the Last Day:

that is best, and most suitable for final determination.”

(Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 59)


“The first-principle ruling regarding formal worship

(rites) is by TAUQIF (reliance upon revelations) and

in following (obedience to the command).”


“The first-principle ruling regarding formal worship

(rites) is that it be deemed BAATwIL (invalid -

cannot be followed) until there is a clear proof

(basis) of its command.”



“ “Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with Him; Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with Him;

but He forgives anything else, to whom He pleases; to set up but He forgives anything else, to whom He pleases; to set up

partners with Allah (partners with Allah (SHIRKSHIRK) is to devise a sin most heinous ) is to devise a sin most heinous

indeed. indeed.

((Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 48Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 48))


“ “Behold, Luqman said to his son admonishing him: Behold, Luqman said to his son admonishing him:

"O my son! Join not in worship (others) with Allah ("O my son! Join not in worship (others) with Allah (SHIRKSHIRK) : ) :

for false worship (for false worship (SHIRKSHIRK) is indeed the highest wrong-) is indeed the highest wrong-

doing.“doing.“

((Qur’an: Luqman: 31: 13Qur’an: Luqman: 31: 13))


“ “Whoever joins other gods with Allah (Whoever joins other gods with Allah (SHIRKSHIRK) ―Allah will ) ―Allah will

forbid him the Garden and the Fire will be his abode. forbid him the Garden and the Fire will be his abode.

There will for the wrong-doers be no one to help.”There will for the wrong-doers be no one to help.”

((Qur’an: Ma-idah: 5: 72Qur’an: Ma-idah: 5: 72))


“ “ .. if anyone assigns partners to Allah (.. if anyone assigns partners to Allah (SHIRKSHIRK) he is as if he ) he is as if he

had fallen from heaven and been snatched up by birds or had fallen from heaven and been snatched up by birds or

the wind had swooped (like a bird on its prey) and thrown the wind had swooped (like a bird on its prey) and thrown

him into a far-distant place.”him into a far-distant place.”

((Qur’an: Hajj: 22: 31Qur’an: Hajj: 22: 31))


“ “ ... whoever expects to meet his Lord, let him work ... whoever expects to meet his Lord, let him work

righteousness, righteousness, and in the worship of his Lord and in the worship of his Lord (‘(‘IBAADATI ROB-IBAADATI ROB-

BIHIBIHI) admit no one as partner () admit no one as partner (SHIRKSHIRK). “ ). “

((Qur’an: Kahfi: 18: 110Qur’an: Kahfi: 18: 110))


DU’A TAUGHT BY OUR PROPHET MUHAMMAD DU’A TAUGHT BY OUR PROPHET MUHAMMAD

“O Allah! I seek refuge with You from committing SHIRK i.e. associating

others with You, knowingly, and I seek Your forgiveness from the

committing of the sins (of SHIRK) which I do not know.”

(Hadith reported by Ahmad, Tabarani & Abu Ya’la)


ALLAA-HUM-MA - IN-NEE – A –’UU-DZU-BIKA - MIN AN - USH-RI-KA – BI-KA – SHAY-AN – WA –ANA –

A’-LAMU, WA –AS-TAGH-FIRU-KA – MI-NADZ—DZAM - BIL– LADZII - LAA – A’-LAM

LAA- ILAA-HA- IL-LALLAAHU - WALAA- ILAA-HA- IL-LALLAAHU - WAHHDAHU –DAHU –LAA – SHAREE-KA LAH, LAHUL-MULKU – LAA – SHAREE-KA LAH, LAHUL-MULKU –

WALAHUL-WALAHUL-HHAMD, WA-HUWA - ‘ALAA AMD, WA-HUWA - ‘ALAA KUL-LI- SHAY -INQ- QADEER,KUL-LI- SHAY -INQ- QADEER,

““There is no god (none has the right to be worshipped) except There is no god (none has the right to be worshipped) except

AllAllaah, alone, without partner, to Him belongs all sovereignty h, alone, without partner, to Him belongs all sovereignty

and praise and He is All-Powerful over all things .”and praise and He is All-Powerful over all things .”

IMPORTANT DZIKRIMPORTANT DZIKR


IMPORTANT DU’AIMPORTANT DU’A

““O Allah! Make us see the Truth to be true O Allah! Make us see the Truth to be true

and grant us ability to follow it.and grant us ability to follow it.

And make us see Falsehood to be false and And make us see Falsehood to be false and

grant us the ability to reject it.”grant us the ability to reject it.”

TO BE CONTINUED TO BE CONTINUED


ALLAA-HUM-MA – ARI-NAL-HAQ-QA - HAQ-QANWAR- ZUQ-NAT - TI-BAA- ’A

WA-ARI-NAL – BAA-TWILA – BAA-TWI-LAANWAR-ZUQ-NAJ – TI –NAA - BAH


TO BE CONTINUED TO BE CONTINUED

Documents

Slideshare (lesson # 6b)tauheed-course-(batch-january-2014)-shirk&taghut-19-march-2014