Slides Plant Description ( From PFD & P&IDs) E.H

8/4/2019 Slides Plant Description ( From PFD & P&IDs) E.H

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Plant Description

(from PFD and P&IDs)


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Training Special Project 4 May 20102

PPR-003-IMG-002-E

Plant Description (from PFD and P&IDs)


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Training Special Project 4 PPR-003-IMG-003-E May 20103

Drawing Types

The two main diagrammatic representations of theprocess are:

Process Flow Diagrams (PFD)

P & ID or Piping and Instrument Diagram

Both PFD and P&ID use standardized codes and

symbols to represent the plant.


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Common types of diagrams

1. Block flow diagram

2. Layout plan / Plot plan

3. Process Flow Diagram / PFD

4. Process & Instrumentation Diagram / PID

5. Isometric diagram
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PPR-003-IMG-005-E

PROCAD

3D PLANT PIPING DESIGN

Click here
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WHAT ARE DIAGRAMS USED FOR?Diagrams are used to represent all or part of a

production unit and to make it easier to understanda general view or specific details.

Symbols are used to represent:

chemical engineering equipment, valves and

fittings, fluid displacement equipment piping,

measurement, control and safety instruments.
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Aim of the PFD

A tool to help the operator to understand the process

and a reference to help ensure that the process isoperating to the correct design conditions and

specifications.

All points where there is a change on the operating

values of fluid composition are identified by an ID

tag number.
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Process Flow Diagram / PFD

This plan gives a logical view of the process

This diagram is issued during the project phase

and shows in a simplified format the main process

lines and tanks and their main operating

parameters

These diagrams use symbols to show process

operating parameters
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Layout of a PFD

The PFD is laid out to a standard pattern andincludes:

A section for specific notes.

An identification section.

Drawing history and reference section.

Fluid stream representation.


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Process Flow Diagrams

Show

All essential parts of a process system.

Either all the process as an overview or the units of

a process.

Main points at which a process is controlled.

Flow, temperature, pressure and other parameters.


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Process Flow Diagram

Do not show:

All components of a control loop.All block valves/Relief valves/Spec blinds.

Process and ESD trips.

Pipe, vessel and flange ratings.

Pipe numbering and vessel dimensions.Drain and vent lines.

Operating capacity of equipment within the system.
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Process Flow Diagram
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The different types of diagrams

Isometric diagram

This type of diagram

gives a three-dimensional

representation

of the installations,

in particular:

The pipelines

The valves

The equipment
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P & IDs

Essential to identifying the piping and

instrumentation layout. Abbreviations, symbols and engineering principles

may vary depending on the design of the:

1. Contents of the P & ID

2. Process and utility pipework and all associated

equipment.

3. Associated instrumentation and fire protection

systems
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15PPR-003-IMG-0015-E

POT-4-0290.CDR

CONCEPTUALDESIGN

PROCESS BLOCKDIAGRAM

PROCESS FLOWDIAGRAM

MECHANICALFLOW DIAGRAM

PIPING ANDINSTRUMENTATION

DIAGRAM

Diagrams are

produced during

the various

stages of plant

design
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Notes on P & IDs

Read the P & ID correctly. Refer to the symbols

page attached to the P&ID to ensure correctinterpretation. Beware some companies usedifferent sets of symbols to others.

Interpret the information provided correctly. Be

sure you are using the current revision edition;P&IDs are revised periodically as changes aremade to the plant.

Use the P & ID to plan preparations for

maintenance on specific equipment.Use the P & ID to assist in diagnosis of problems

and faults.


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Useful information on P & IDs

Line numbering and classification.

Dimensions of vessels.

Details of control loop components and interactions.

Flanges and fittings shown.

Local indicators.

Insulation types detailed.

Relief valves shown.

Specialised process items.


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Line numbering indicates

Fluid symbol.

Nominal pipe bore.

Piping class.

System classification.

Serial number.

Insulation or painting class.
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Piping & Instrumentation Diagram


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How do we read a PID?

1. Consult the legends and abbreviations provided

with it.2. The margins of the PID give information on the the

PID's history, PID number, revision history,

descriptions and notes

3. Identify the equipment

4. Follow the fluid flow routes

5. Locate the instruments

6. Identify the control loops and their functions


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21


Identify the equipment

The main items of equipment required to carry

out the treatment process are shown in the PID by

an icon representing the equipment in a simplified

manner. They are normally identified by their

name and equipment number.
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Follow fluid flow routes

The process flows are indicated by the flowlines: Where possible, the incoming flowline is

placed on the left and the outgoing flowline on

the right

Labels or title boxes at the ends of the lines

provide information on the sources and

destinations of the flows


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23PPR-003-IMG-0023-E


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24PPR-003-IMG-0024-E

Typical Line Number
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25

Identifying Line Symbols

It is important to understand what each linerepresents.

Achieved by the use of line symbols, which arefound on diagram

Title and symbols of these drawings can changedepending on the design company.


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Line Symbols


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Identifying Valve Symbols

Valve line up for start up during normal running andshutdown operations should be carried out in

conjunction with the Process Operating Procedures

Manual, as the P & IDs are drawn to represent

valve position when the plant is running normally.

Need to understand what the valve symbols

represent.


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28PPR-003-IMG-0028-E

Identifying

Valve

Symbols
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Three Main Service Functions

OPEN/CLOSED: typically a Gate, Ball or Plugvalve.

CONTROL: typically a Globe, Needle, Angle,Choke and Butterfly valves.

ONE-WAY SERVICE: allows flow to go in onedirection only and provides a shut-off in the reversedirection by using a Check valve


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PPR-003-IMG-0030-E

Gate Valve

Butterfly Valve

Check Valve
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GATE VALVES


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GLOBE VALVES


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BUTTERFLY VALVES


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BALL VALVES


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Example of Typical P&ID Symbols ( Pumps )


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Level ControlLICLevel Indicator Controller

LRCLevel Recorder Controller

Can be monitored by various methods:

DP cellLevel bridle

Nucleonic

UltrasonicRadar
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Level Control


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Training Special Project 4 PPR-003-IMG-0038-E May 2010 38

Flow Control

FICFlow Indicator Controller

FRCFlow Recorder Controller

Various types of flow meters.

Signals from these meters are sent to integrator

computers, which record and add up the total flow

pressure and temperature.
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Pressure Control

PICPressure Indicator Controller PRCPressure Recorder Controller

Signal from the instrument is directed to thepressure control valve to either the flare/fuel gas or

gas compression


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Pressure Control
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Temperature Control

TICTemperature Indicator Controller

TRCTemperature Recorder Controller.

Temperature of the product is monitored by a

temperature-measuring device, which sends a signalto the temperature transmitter, which in turn sends asignal to the control valve. Control valve thenadjusts the flow of the cooling medium through the

cooler.
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Temperature Control


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Identify control loops and their functions 1

"Control loop" is a general term for all the

elements involved in controlling a process

parameter, like tank levels . This includes all the

hardware and software associated with this

control function.
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Identify control loops and their functions 2

The hardware components in a control loop arecalled "instruments". It is important to remember

that most control loops can be broken down into

three parts:

the measuring element and associated

transmitter

the controller, either real or virtual

the final element and its associated systems
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The measurement element is connected to a

transmitter which sends a signal to the controller.The control signal can take the form of an

pneumatic signal (in P.S.I. or pascals etc), or an

electric signal (4 to 20 milliamps)
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Identify control loops and their functions

The controller determines the controladjustments needed. This is done by comparing

the measured value to a setpoint (SP), which is

the required setting for a process variable. The

controller adapts the output to the final control

element / system until the value of the process

variable is equal to the setpoint.


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Control loops and their functions

The final element is the device which physicallyacts on the process to effect the change required

by the controller

Usually this is a powered valve

But sometimes a switch (e.g. to turn on a heater)

Sometimes the output of one controller is the

input to another (cascade control) or to a logic

device (High or Low selector)