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Xsorb eco technology b.v. Extending Solar Heating beyond seasonal limits

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Xsorb Extends Solar Heating beyond Seasonal Limits

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Page 1: Slide Share Xsorb

Xsorb eco technology b.v.

Extending Solar Heatingbeyond seasonal limits

Page 2: Slide Share Xsorb

Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen

WarmAir Heat Store

VentilationHumidity Adsorption

Solar De-sorptionDrying

Xsorb eco-technologySolar Energy

In-situ

Warmair

Page 3: Slide Share Xsorb

Winter WinterSummer

Solar Energy Heating / Storage Paradox

3.0

2.0

1.0

MWh/a

Excess Solar

Direct Solar Contribution

HeatStore

Space heating demand curve

Solar irradiation supply curve

Page 4: Slide Share Xsorb

Humid Heat Energy

The sources are many:• Intake of outside humid air• Cooking generated boil off steam• Bathroom ventilation• Clothes washing and drying generated vent streams• Purposely generated humidity from humidifiers• Human, animal and green plant respiration• Liberated gas from candle wax combustion

also Combustion flue gas from gas fired water heaters

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Humid Heat Recovery

Condensation on a heat transfer surface Recovers heat of water condensation

at ever lowering temperatures

Adsorption on a solid surface

Recovers heat of water adsorption at a useful temperature

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Humid Heat Energy

How much heat when condensed??

2 300 kJ / kg of waterOr

2.3 MJ / kg

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Adsorption Heat Energy

How much heat when adsorbed ??? Heat of water condensation 2.3 MJ/kg

plus

heat of adhesion from 0.5 to1.7 MJ/kg (wet to dry)

Average heat of water adsorption

3.4 MJ / kg of water over cycle

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Air/Air Heat Exchanger Warm fresh air to rooms

Cold freshair

Expelled humid room air

heated dry air

Dry coolVentilated

airKitchen Shower HeatStoreLaundry

Axial Fan

Solar panel

Xsorb Process in Heating Mode

Adsorbing

Page 9: Slide Share Xsorb

Air/Air Heat Exchanger

Outsideair

Warm humid air

MoistVentilated

air

HeatStore

Axial Fan

Solar panel

Xsorb Process in Recharging Mode

Warm fresh air

Hot solar heated air

Drying

Page 10: Slide Share Xsorb

30

DegreeC

40% 60% 80%Relative Humidity @ Inlet Temperature

Expected Air Temperature Rise

0

T

100 %

20

10

Mid Depleted Adsorbent at Middle of Run ( MOR )

Inlet Temperature Deg C

20

10

30

Page 11: Slide Share Xsorb

10

20

Heat Duty kW

Heat Exchange Curves

0

30

0

Dry PFHE

5 degree C approach

Xsorb Air Heating40

HeatStoreAdsorption heat

Ventilated humid room temperature

Fresh warm air

5 degree C approach

DegreeC

Page 12: Slide Share Xsorb

1.0 m3 EnergyStore

Energy storage density of 220 kwh / m3

800 MJ of Space Heat @ 30 Degree C

Solar Storage Performance

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Example

Seasonal energy consumption of a super insulated

150 m2 house built to 2015 EU recommended residential space heating duty

15 kWh/m2 equivalent to 55 MJ /m2

thus:55 MJ/m2 x 150 m2 = 8 250 MJ

8.3 GJ

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Solar Contribution

Then 0.8 x 8.3 GJ = 6.6 GJ needs to be provided

by the EnergyStore solar battery

If 20 % is considered as the direct solar fraction

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Based on EU ventilation standard of 50 m3/h/person

@ inside comfort of 50% humidity & 20 degree C

• A house with 4 persons living inside ventilates stale humid air with roughly 4 200 kg of water vapor in a typical heating season

• with only 50 % recovery 2 100 kg of water is adsorbed• The adsorption heat recovered to useful house

space heating @ 3.1 MJ/kg

is 2 100 kg x 3.1 MJ/kg = almost 6 600 MJ

volume of adsorbent required would be

6 600 MJ / 800 MJ/m3 around 8.0 m3

Example

Ventilation Humid Heat Recovery

Page 16: Slide Share Xsorb

Example

Conclusion

Requires less than 2 %

of the house volume

150 m2 house volume with 3 meter high ceiling

150 m2 X 3 m = 450 m3

thus:8.0 m3 / 450 m3 = 0.0177

Page 17: Slide Share Xsorb

Xsorb Process in Adsorption Heating ModeFront end view

Fresh air inlet

Vent dry air

Heat exchanger

HeatStore

Glazed hybrid PV/thermal solar

panel

Humid room air

Humid room air

Humid room air

Warm air

Warm air

Warm airWarm air

Xsorb heated dry air

Warm air duct

Vent air duct

ID axial fan

Dark PV cell surface

Air space Not used

Warm air

Hot waterCV

Humid room air

Windowclosed

Page 18: Slide Share Xsorb

Xsorb Process in Recharging ModeBack end view

Ambient air inlet

Cooled moist air vent

Hybrid Thermal/PVSolar panel

HeatStore

Solar heated hot air inlet connectionat the opposite end

Warm moist air

Preheated fresh air

FD axial fan

Inlet air header

Hot air header

ID axial fan

used

used

Dormer room

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Solar radiation collected in roof top panels•Thermal capture to air •Thermal capture to water•PV and thermal capture to air or water

Solar Recharging

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Heat energy• heat adsorbent bed to around 40 °C• heat carrier gas to between 60 to 80 °C

This slowly evaporates water from adsorbent

Carrier gas• heated outside air• heated inside dry air

This carries water vapor from adsorbent

Recharging Requirements

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Cost effective in-situ use of solar energy

• Leak free solar heat storage• summer use gets fully valorized • good combination with hybrid air & water cooled PV

solar technologies• Ideal for newly built “green” buildings

Nearly complete elimination

of fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions in space heating

Conclusion