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Presentation

23 November 2011


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Andreas Edvan S. L. 10.2011.349Edwin Kembauw - 10.2011.041

Heribertus Edo T. - 10.2011.350

Mc.Girt Lamberth R. - 10.2011.088

Samsul Rizal - 10.2011.445

Predy J. Samosir - 10.2011.405


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Text 1Title : Poor oral hygiene linked to heart disease

Main Idea are the red sentencesthe supporting idea are the blue sentences


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Brushing your teeth twice a day lessens the chances of the

developing heart disease, a new study suggests.

Previous research has uncovered links between

cardiovascular disease because low-grade inflammation,including swollen gums, may indicate atherosclerosis.

The researches analyzed oral health routines and

lifestyle behaviors such as smoking and physical activity

of 11,869 participants in the Scottish Health Survey. [BM

]2010;340:c2451] participants answered how often they

visited the dentist and how often they brushed their teeth

each day.

Nurses visited participants separately to document

their history of heart disease and take blood samples todetermine baseline levels of inflammation. The data was

later compared against hospital admission and death

records over an average of 8.1 years of follow up.


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Out of 555 CVD events, 170 were fatal.Seventy-four percent of people whoexperienced events had a principle diagnosisof coronary heart disease.

Compared to those who brushed theirteeth twice a day, survey respondents whorarely or never brushed their teeth had a 70percent extra risk of CVD (P=0.001), afteradjusting for established risk factors. These

respondents also had higher concentrations ofC-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen,both inflammation biomarkers.

Poor oral hygiene is associated withhigher levels of risk of cardiovascular disease

and low-grade inflammation, though thecausal nature of the association is yet to bedetermined, the authors wrote.

Still, the overall risk of CVD remainedlow, and the survey indicated generally good

oral care habits.


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Dr. Seow Swee-Chong, a consultant in the cardiology department

at National University Hospital Singapore, pointed out several limitations

of the self-reported survey data and its analysis.

Looking at the data presented, there is clear association between

poorer dental hygiene and male gender, lower socioeconomic class,smoking obesity, hypertension and diabetes all known risk factors for

CVD, he said, which he noted weakened the data in spite of controlling

for confounders. Likewise higher CRP and fibrinogen as a result of

periodontitis does not necessarily translate to higher incidence of heart

disease, and treatment of dental infections may not reduce heartdisease.

Although he acknowledged this as one of the largest studies to

examine the association between oral hygiene and CVD, Dr. Paul Chiam, a

consultant in the department of cardiology at the National Heart Centre

Singapore, said randomized studies could help determine whether there is

a causal relationship between oral hygiene and CVD.

But Seow added that: there is little harm, and in fact a great deal

of good, in promoting good oral hygiene in patients, even if the motivation

a reduction of CVD may be unproven or even misguided.


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Vocabulary of the text1) Suggest = to put an idea into somebody.

Example = the symptoms suggest a minor heart attack.

2) Health = somebodys good or bad physical or mental state.

Example = smoking can seriously damage your health.

3) Participants = a person who is taking part in an activity orevent.

Example = she was an unwilling participant in his downfall.

4) Hygiene = clean and free from bacteria and therefore unlikely

to spread disease.Example = the kitchen didnt look very hygienic.

5) Acknoewledge = to accept that something exists, is true or has

happened.

Example = she refuse to acknowledge the need for information.


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Vocabulary of the text6) Relationship = loving and/or sexual friendship between two people.

Example = he was not married but he was in a stable relationship.

7) Determine = to make something happen in a particular way or be of a

particular type.

Example = the physical capabilities of a plant determine where it can

and cannot live.

8) Risk = the possibility that something bad will happen,

especially as a result of doing something or trying to do something.

Example = we could probably trust her with the information but its

just not worth the risk.

9) Lifestyle = the way in which a person or a group of people lives andworks.

Example = many people are trying to adopt a healthy lifestyle these day

10) Disease = medical problem affecting humans, animals or plants, often

caused by infection.

Example = the problem was finally diagnosed as health disease.


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Text 2Title : Intrauterine growth predicts childrens bone developmentMain Idea are the red sentences

the supporting idea are the blue sentences


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Fetal growth measured by ultrasound can be used topredict the importance of peak bone mass a major determinantof osteoporosis risk later in life.Recent work hasreinforced theimportance of peak bone mass as a major determinant ofosteoporosis risk later in life. We know thatearly growth predictsadults bone mass and he risk of hip fracture later in life and thatmaternal life style, body build and 25 hydroxyl vitamin D statusinfluence offspring bone mass,said Dr. Nicholas C. Harvey ofthe MCR Epidemiology Resource Centre, University ofSouthampton, UK, who led the study.


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He aim of the work, he stated, was to describe the

relationships between intrauterine growth measurements

at birth and at 4 years of age.Researchers looked at 435

subjects from the Southampton Womens Survey, a large

study on womens health and lifestyle in the UK. Ultrasound

scans were used to record fetal abdominal circumference at

11, 19 and 34 weeks gestation. Subsequently, the childrens

bone mineral density at birth and at 4 years was measured

using dual x-ray absorptiometry.


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Investigators found that late intrauterine growth(abdominal circumference from 19-34 weeks) was a stronger

predictor of bone mineral density at birth than early

intrauterine growth (abdominal circumference from 1-19

weeks). They also found, however, that early intrauterine

growth was stronger predictor of bone mineral density at 4

years compared o late growth. This suggests that the child

reverts to the early growth trajectory during the first few years

of post-natal life. Further work is needed to which

perturbations of growth in later pregnancy may alter this

natural pattern, the researchers reported.


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1. Fetal = n (medical) foetal (especially name); adj connected with a foetus;

typical of fotus ; foetal abnormalities

Example = she lay cuted up in a foetal position.

2. Reinforced = to make a feeling, idea, ect : stronger

example = Such jokes tend to reinforce radical stereotypes

3. Uterine = n (anatomy) the organ in woman and female animal in

much babies develop before they are born sync womb uterine.

example = Uterine cancer usually occurs after menopause.

4. Elucidate = v (formal) to make something clearer by explaining it

more fully he elucidated a point of grammar.

example = The Elucidate DJ and record producer team is made up of

Ken Loi and Sean Beckwith.

5. Trajectory = my career seemed to be on a downward trajectory.

n (technical) the curved path of something that has been fired; hit or thrown into the

air: a missiles trajectory.

example = The following command language parameters arespecific for the tropical cyclone trajectory forecast requirements

Vocabulary of the text


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6. Intrauterine = Within the uterus adj.

example = The intrauterine device (IUD) is a form of birth control

7. Offspring = Noun a child of a particular person or couple

example = the problems parents hare with their teenage offspring.

8. Extent

Ham large, important, serious, etc its is difficult to assess the full extent of the

damage. The physical size of an area :

Example = you cant see the full extent of the beanch from here.

9. Fracture = (n) a break in a bone ar other bard material: a fracture of the

skull.

(V) to break or crack to make something breaker crack.

example = His leg fractured in two places.

10. Life = the period between somebody birth and their death.

Example = he is lived here all his life.

Vocabulary of the text


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Thank you!

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