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Slide Information. Pine Wilt Nematode Megan Kennelly Kansas State University. Pine Wilt. First found in Kansas in 1979 Pine wood nematode. Photo by Judy O’Mara. Image from Jon Appel, Kansas Dept of Agriculture. Pine wilt hosts. Common on Scots - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Slide InformationPine Wilt NematodeMegan KennellyKansas State University
First found in Kansas in 1979
Pine wood nematode
Pine WiltPhoto by Judy OMara
Image from Jon Appel, Kansas Dept of Agriculture
Pine wilt hostsCommon on Scots
Also starting to see it on Austrian pine, and Mugo
Drought stressBeetles prefer to lay eggs where resin flow is reduced
Pine Wilt: Symptoms
Rapid wilt/death. Needles yellow then brown.
Lack resin. Branches dry, brittle. They snap rather than bend
Image from: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/SUL9.pdf
Beetle overwinters in pine trees
-start emerge ~ May 1st.femalemaleImages from:http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/SUL9.pdf
May 1 : adult beetles emerge*Lay eggs, (prefer drought stressed/dying)*Nematodes enter tree and feed on bluestain fungi.Lay eggs all seasonBeetles feed in healthy trees
Nematodes are inside the trachea (breathing tubes) of the beetle.Beetle carries up to ~80,000 nematodesImages from: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/SUL9.pdf
Egg-laying phaseFeeding phase*Beetle larvae develop in the tree.*Larvae feed in cambium layer, then burrow deeper into the tree*Larvae turn to pupae*Nematodes are attracted to pupae*Pupae emerge as adults, and the cycle continuesNematodes leave beetles and enter tree through feeding wounds.
Nemas eat plant cells, and tree dies
Image from:http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/SUL9.pdf
The nematode in the treeOnce in the tree, the nematode spreads around in resin ducts. Feeds on resin cells (healthy trees) or blue-stain fungi (in dead trees)
When food is running out, nematode seeks out the beetle. Nematodes produce 4th stage larvae which hitch a ride with the beetle. This larva is a dispersal stage, tolerates drying. (dauer larvae)
Nematode cant spread by itself: it needs the beetle
Beetle can fly several miles
We can also spread nematode and beetle in nursery stock, firewood
Sanitation is Critical Component in Controlling Pine WiltTree removal before April 1 Reduces nematode and pine sawyer numbersDont leave stumpsRoot removal not necessaryDont stack wood.Chip or burn dead trees.Sanitation must be coordinated effort.Pine sawyers strong fliers
Two new products for pine wilt
Greyhound and Pinetect
Both are 2% Abamectin
Contact companies (Rainbow Tree Care, Arborsystems) for more information
Need to be applied by trained treecare professionals
InjectionsNot 100% effectiveNo curative activityCarefully evaluate tree beforehandProper techniqueRepeat every 2 yearsExpensive