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Painful calf Julie Samuel Consultant Microbiologist, Newcastle upon Tyne

SLIDE BOOK ONLY Painful calf - bsac.org.uk

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Page 1: SLIDE BOOK ONLY Painful calf - bsac.org.uk

Painful calfJulie Samuel

Consultant Microbiologist, Newcastle upon Tyne

Page 2: SLIDE BOOK ONLY Painful calf - bsac.org.uk

68 male

Multiple Myeloma diagnosed on routine blood tests 

Past medical history: prostate cancer in remission, treated with radiotherapy and hormone therapy

2010

8 cycles of chemo pre transplant

Chemotherapy regime

CTDA‐cyclophosphamide, thalidomide and dexamethasone.Also tinzaparin prophylaxis due to high risk of DVT

Autologous stem cell transplant 09/02/2012‐melphalan, at home with daily review, doing squats at home and mobile

Page 3: SLIDE BOOK ONLY Painful calf - bsac.org.uk

18/02/12‐ 02.20 am Pain in left calf, difficulty in walking, tender to touch, 

peripheral neuropathy secondary to thalidomide Other observations stable 5 hrs later‐worse, warm foot, tenderness ++, normal 

sensation, palpable post tibial pulse 12.40 pm: left calf swollen, painful and slightly purple, 

pulses good, sensations normal, toes warm slightly cooler than right

Page 4: SLIDE BOOK ONLY Painful calf - bsac.org.uk

Deep Vein Thrombosis Muscular Cramps Intermuscular bleed secondary to low platelets Cellulitis Compartment syndrome

Differential diagnoses

Page 5: SLIDE BOOK ONLY Painful calf - bsac.org.uk

Neut 0, platelets 5, CRP  92, capillary refill 3 secs, D dimer 2942, PT 16 seconds (normal range 10‐13), APTT 22 seconds (normal range 25 ‐37)

Blood culture USG left leg

Normal compressibility, flow and augmentation of flow in the common femoral, superficial femoral and popliteal veins on the left, calf veins present. No evidence of collection. Left calf muscles diffusely swollen. No left sided DVT

Investigations

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Platelet transfusion IV antibiotics‐ Piperacillin/tazobactam Vascular referral IV vitamin K Analgesia‐ IV morphine

Management

Page 7: SLIDE BOOK ONLY Painful calf - bsac.org.uk

Redness and tracking left calf/thigh, hypotensive, IVT resuscitation

BP 85/56, apyrexial.Plt 6, neut 0.2, wcc 0.4, Hb10On examination:erythema ++ posterior knee and thigh, no skin breaks or insect bites, no crepitus, power and sensation normal throughout

16 hours later 

Page 8: SLIDE BOOK ONLY Painful calf - bsac.org.uk

DD:  spontaneous haemorrhage secondary to low platelets exacerbated 

by exercise cellulitis leading to neutropenic sepsis

Further Management:

1.50 lts fluid – no BP response, anuric, plts 20 post 2 units transfusion, ABG ph 7.4, pco2: 3.7, po2: 12.5, neut: 0.00, Na: 132, K: 4.2, urea: 13.8, 

creatinine: 189, CRP: 163

Repeat colloid bolus, Review antibiotics, CK, catheterise

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18/02/12

19.20 pmCK > 30,000‐ rhabdomyolysis

Blood Culture‐ Streptococcus dysgalactiae Group   C/G (collected 7.48 am)(Identified by MALDI‐ToF)

19.45 pm: orthopaedics reviewRequested CT scan to exclude gasImpression cellulitis, clindamicin added to Piperacillin/tazobactam

20.45 pm: plastic surgeon‐ impression ? Myositis

21.30 pm:  CT lower limb: no gas, diffuse swelling of muscles in all three compartments with extensive subcutaneous edema.

22.00 pm: Transferred to  ITU for  haemodynamic support ( low BP despite 4 lts)

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Impression: Compartment syndrome for urgent fasciotomy

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Immediate post op

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Day 7 post op

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Post op: respiratory, renal and circulatory support. On GCSF and antibiotics

Clindamicin stopped on day 10 and piperacillin/tazobactam on day 7

Discharged from ITU after 12 days‐ CVVH changed to haemodialysis

Discharged home after 1.5 months with weekly outpatient review

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Mobilised with zimmer , no pain, normal sensation in foot, renal functions improving 

Regular tissue viability input – aquacel dressing, VAC pump

Wound exudate +++ Pseudomonas aeruginosaisolated from swabs‐ no antibiotics commenced

For skin graft when platelets recovered Type 2 MI secondary to sepsis and vasopressors

Week 3

Page 15: SLIDE BOOK ONLY Painful calf - bsac.org.uk

Wound : green discharge, given flucloxacillin + metronidazole‐ nauseated vomited and high temps changed to IV Pip/taz, 

low BP 77/52, hot and sweaty, platelets 32, neutrophils 0.45, CRP 201

Teicoplanin added BP improved with fluid resuscitation Leg wound‐4cm wide small area of healthy granulation tissue otherwise very sloughy

2 months later..

Page 16: SLIDE BOOK ONLY Painful calf - bsac.org.uk
Page 17: SLIDE BOOK ONLY Painful calf - bsac.org.uk

Blood culture‐ Pseudomonas aeruginosa‐ continued on antibiotics

Antibiotic changed to meropenem and stat gent 5mg/kg due to ongoing pyrexia treated for 7 days

Plastics review‐wound bed granulating but dusky with fibrinous areas. No evidence of clinical infection.

Continued..

Page 18: SLIDE BOOK ONLY Painful calf - bsac.org.uk

Legs healing‐ anterior and posterior wounds almost healed, calf swelling significantly reduced. Able to walk unaided except when on long walks.

Neut 3.8 Platelets 76 IgG 19.6 No plans for Split Skin Graft, continue with conservative management with review in 8 weeks

May 2012

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June 2012

Trip to NICE Wound healing, platelets recovering Paraprotein static Review in 6 weeks

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