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Slide 1
U.S. Submarine Force Way AheadU.S. Submarine Force Way Ahead
Slide 2
Submarine Force Situational Awareness
• Reduced DoD budget• Little or no growth in shipbuilding account• Diverging trends
– Increasing requirements and responsibilities– Diminishing resources
• Seamless leadership focus required• Embark on a unifying effort
Slide 3
Integrated Undersea Warfare
• Submarines are asymmetric weapons• Stealth is a force multiplier• ASW is hard and getting harder
– Submarines are the optimum ASW platform
• Anti-Access/Area Denial must be defeated– Submarine's unique access increasingly valuable to
the Joint Force
• Adapt/leverage new payloads and sensors
Slide 4
Why Submarines in WWII
Requisites:A National imperative
- World War II Inadequacy of other platforms- Battle Force – Much of the Pacific Fleet is “Out of Action”Value added by distinctive submarine characteristics- Stealth, speed, endurance, and the right weaponAbility to step up to critical new roles- From “Fleet Scouts” to Anti-Surface Ship Warfare “Hunter-Killers”R&D contributions with mission-enabling capabilities- Continuous welds, Sonar, Radar, Mark 14 Torpedo IssuesA strategy built around the submarine– “Strangulation of Japan” → Capital Ships, Merchants, Tankers
Submarines (1.6% of the Navy) Sunk 54.6% of all Japanese Ships Sunk During the War
Slide 5
Why Submarines in the Cold War
Requisites: A National imperative
- Cold War – Contain CommunismInadequacy of other platforms- ISR, DeterrenceValue added by distinctive submarine characteristics- Stealth, speed, enduranceAbility to step up to critical new roles- From “Hunter-Killers” to “ISR, Strategic ASW and Strategic Deterrence”R&D contributions with mission-enabling capabilities- Nuclear Power, Acoustic Quieting, Sonar, Ballistic Missiles, MK-48 torpedoA strategy built around the submarine– “Control the Seas – Resupply Europe”
1965
First Controlled NuclearChain Reaction First Fleet Ballistic
Missile“Underway on
Nuclear Power"41 For Freedom
Construction Complete
1947
19551942
1940 1950 1960 1970
Slide 6
Why Submarines Now and in the Future
Requisites:A National imperative
- Rise of Global challenges to U.S. Supremacy- Counter A2/AD Peer, IW, Regional Conflict, Sea Control, Piracy…
Inadequacy of other platforms- Only submarines have assured access in A2AD environmentsValue added by distinctive submarine characteristics- Stealth, speed, endurance, modular payloads, COTs electronicsAbility to step up to critical new roles
- Strike, SOF Support, SEAD, Information Operations- Prompt Strike
R&D contributions with mission-enabling capabilities- Photonics Mast, Unmanned Systems Integration, Ship Automation- Unmanned systems integration (UAVs, UUVs, DNS)
A strategy built around the submarine- Sea Control / Sea Denial / Assured Access- Air/Sea Battle
Emerging Concepts Requiring Additional Development
Slide 7
Platforms
• The U.S. Submarine Force consists of:– 42 Los Angeles class attack submarines (SSN)– 3 Seawolf class attack submarines– 9 Virginia class attack submarines – 4 Ohio class Guided Missile Submarines (SSGN)– 14 Ohio class Ballistic Missile Submarines (SSBN)
Slide 8
SSN Force
• Current Requirements (2005 Assessment)– 10 SSNs providing Forward Presence (FP)– Able to surge 35 SSNs: includes war plan support– Need 48 SSNs to surge 35 and keep 10 for FP– Fewer ships - greater risk
• Current Allocation– SSNs assigned missions only they can perform– Mission categories: critical, high priority, priority, routine– CJCS allocation of 10 just meets critical missions
• Future Outlook– A2/AD– Prompt Strike
Slide 9
SSGN Force
Homeport Maintenance
Tra
nsit
SO
F C
ert
15 Months
Tur
nove
r/
Mai
nten
ance
Tra
nsit
Tur
nove
r/
Mai
nten
ance
Tur
nove
r/
Mai
nten
ance
10 ½ Months Theater Presence70% Operational Availability
4 Ships each capable of carrying:• 154 TLAM (105 typical loadout)• 2 Dry Deck Shelters • 66 SOF for > 60 Days
2-3 ships always in theater
Bangor WA
Kings Bay GA
Guam
Diego Garcia
SSGN Mission:High Volume Precision Strike & High Volume SOF SupportAble to Perform Many Other SSN Missions
Slide 10
SSBN Force
• 14 OHIO class SSBNs
• 100% of survivable warheads
• 54% of operational warheads
– 70% under NEW START
• 19% of strategic budget
• 3900 SSBN patrols since 1960
1000 Ohio class SSBN Patrols
135 Consecutive Successes
• TRIDENT(D-5) on OHIO 2042• Survivable Leg of TRIAD• Significant hedge capability
Slide 11
Virginia Class SSN Program
• Current Plan: 30 Ship Class– Block I: 1998 - 4 ships
• All delivered
– Block II: 2003 - 6 ships • 4 delivered, 2 under construction
– Block III: 2008 - 8 ships• 2 ships per year in 2011
• Acquisition Program– $93B (TY) Procurement Program– APB assumes 30 hulls
Slide 12
Virginia Class Improvement Focus
Cost Reduction Strategy• Perform on the Backlog• Design For Affordability• Acquisition Strategy
"… the cost of them has got to come down ... it's got to be about $2 billion a
ship.” ADM Michael G. Mullen
Sept 2005
0
2,500
5,000
7,500
10,000
12,500
15,000
Unit Cost Reduced by 4.9M Hours
To Date
Unit Cost Reduced by 4.9M Hours
To Date
>40% Labor Reduction
>40% Labor Reduction
# of
Rec
urrin
g M
anho
urs
xK
SSN803 Unit 30Unit 7Unit 1
Slide 13
Block III Bow Redesign
SSGN MAC
Benefits• Parts Reduction – 50K reduced to 29K• Pumps and Valves Further Reduced• Hull Penetrations – 136 reduced to 64• Life of Ship Components added to the design• Concept to Reality in 18 Months• $800M Total Program Acquisition Savings
First Bow Payload Tubes
Slide 14
2010 Nuclear Posture Review
• Retained the TRIAD and implies future retention
• SSBN most survivable leg of TRIAD
• No viable near- or mid-term threat to U.S. SSBNs
• Requires continuous at-sea presence in both oceans
• Keeps 14 SSBNs in the near-term
• Expect to maintain 20 operational tubes per SSBN by 2015
Slide 15
OHIO class Replacement Program
• Milestone A Achieved on 10 Jan 2011• Initiated Technology Development Phase• Target Average ship cost (2-12) = 4.9B (FY10$)• Target Average ship annual O&S = 110M (FY10$)
• Common Missile Compartment• Electric Drive Propulsion• 16 Missile Tubes• Maximize commonality with VCS
Slide 16
Submarine Industrial Base
• Situation– Two private construction yards
• Electric Boat• Newport News Shipbuilding
• Issues– Shrinking supplier base– 75% (by $) sole-source suppliers– 75% of suppliers are small businesses– Need 2500 designers to sustain a
submarine design capability
Slide 17
Undersea Payload Capacity
Flat Fish Study 1999
New Ship Options Are Unaffordable
DARPA Future Sub Study 2003
New SSGN 20XX Towed Payload Module
Multi-Mission Module Study 2002Towed Payload Module Study 1998
Virginia Hull Plugs
0
50
100
150
200
250
2009 2014 2019 2024 2029 2034 2039 2044 2049 2054 2059
Pay
loa
d V
olu
me
(ft^
3)
Th
ou
sa
nd
s
688
SSGN
VIRGINIA*
* Assumes 30 Ship Virginia Class @ 2/year
Starting 2011
66% Reduction in Payload Capacity From 2024-2030
Payload Capacity Will Decline, As TheValue of Undersea Delivery Increases
Slide 18
Plan of Record
2
1
3
4
2
1
3
4
Fiscal Constraints
Shortfall ofSSNs
UninterruptedStrategic
Deterrence
SufficientPayloadVolume
OHIO Replacement SSBN
New SSN
VIVII
III
48 48
39
46
(10)
(18) (27) (37)
(12)
(27) (34)
SS
Ns
SS
GN
sS
SB
Ns
Slide 19
Submarine Force Campaign Design
• Force wholeness and integrity– Maintenance/modernization/training Ao
• Operations and warfighting today– Safe/secure/effective operations
• Operations and warfighting tomorrow– Force structure/payload volume/payloads
Slide 20
Integrated Undersea Strategy
OHIO Replacement Performance and
Schedule
SSN Force Structure Shortfall
Undersea Payload Volume after SSGN
Retirement
Keep OHIO Replacement top priority
Add two lowest cost SSNs with best impact
Add VIRGINIA payload module to 20 SSNs
Evolutionary payload enhancements with high return
Issues Actions
Undersea Payload Capability Gaps
Slide 21
SSN Force Procurement Changes
Add 2 Cost-Efficient Hulls
Delay New SSN Start
Slide 22
Virginia Payload Module
• 40 Tomahawk / TACMS• 8-12 Prompt strike weapons• Battle management center• Inboard SOF storage• Targeting Block V ships
Slide 23
VPM Restores Payload Capacity
VPM added to Blocks V, VI and VII restores most of the payload capacity and distributes it across more hulls
Block V
Block VI
Block VII
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Tota
l #
of L
aunc
hers
Fiscal Year
SSGNs
SSN Torpedo Tubes
SSNs (12 Vertical Launch Tubes)SSNs (2 Large Bow Tubes)
1272 Launchers
Stretch SSN Capacity(4 VPM)
Slide 24
Modular, Flexible Payload Plan
2 Large Bow Payload Tubes12 Missile Stows
Reconfigurable Torpedo Room24 Torpedoes or;21” Unmanned Systems or;Distributed Networked Systems or; DecoysSpecial Operations Force Berthing
Virginia Payload Module (per tube)3 Prompt Strike Weapons or;7 Cruise Missiles or;7 Torpedoes or;14 Miniature Air Launched Decoys or:1 Large UUV
Advance Dry-Deck ShelterSwimmer Delivery VehiclesCombat Rubber Raiding RaftsLarge Unmanned Undersea Vehicles
Slide 25
Summary
• Challenges are clear - plan is in place• Submarine Force leadership is focused
and unified• VCS program is DoD role model• ORP execution is key