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Slide 1
Tim Penyusun MateriKU1072/Pengantar Teknologi
Informasi B
Productivity Applications
Slide 2
Objectives
Describe how word processing and desktop publishing software have revolutionized writing and publishing.
Describe the basic functions and applications of spreadsheets and other types of statistical and simulation programs.
Describe some tips of providing a good presentation.Explain how computers are used as tools for
simulating mechanical, biological, and social systems.Discuss the potential impact of the applications.Discuss the future developments of the applications.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 3
The Word Processors
Slide 4
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Working with a word processor involves several steps: Entering text Editing text Formatting the document Proofreading the document Saving the document on disk Printing the document
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 5
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Entering, Editing, and Formatting Text Entering text
Text is displayed on the screen and stored in the computer’s RAM.
Save your work periodically because RAM is not permanent memory.
Editing text Navigate to different parts of a document. Insert or delete text at any point. Move and copy text. Search and replace words or phrases.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 6
Word Processors and Other Word Tools
Formatting commandsFormatting characters
• Characters are measured by point size (one point = 1/72 inch).
• A font is a size and style of typeface.• Serif fonts have serifs or fine lines at the
ends of each character.• You can use monospaced fonts and
proportionally-spaced fonts.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
A
20 pts
A40 pts
80 pts120 pts
A A A200 pts
Bradley Hand ITC Arial
Slide 7
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Formatting paragraphs involves:• Margin settings
• Line spacing
• Indents
• Tabs
• Justification
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 8
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Formatting the document• Stylesheets• Headers and footers• Multiple variable-width columns • Graphics • Automatic editing features• Hidden comments • Table of contents and indexes• Coaching and help features (sometimes called wizards) • Conversion to HTML for Web
publishing
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 9
Word Processors and Other Word Tools
Rules of Thumb: Word Processing Is Not Typing Use the Return or Enter key only when you must.
Word wrap moves text to the next line.
Use tabs and margin guides, not the spacebar, to align columns. WYSIWYG is a matter of degree. pronounced “wizzy-wig” Text that looks perfectly aligned onscreen may not line
up on paper.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 10
Word Processors and Other Word Tools
Don’t underline. Use italics and boldface for emphasis; italicize book and journal titles.
Use only one space after a period. Proportionally-spaced fonts look better without double spaces.
Take advantage of special characters. Bullets (•), em dashes (—), and curly or smart quotes (“ ”) make your
work look more professional.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 11
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Outliners and Idea Processors are effective at: Arranging information into
levels Rearranging ideas and levels Hiding and revealing levels of
detail as needed
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 12
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Digital ReferencesDictionaries, quotation books,
encyclopedias, atlases, almanacs, and other references are now available in digital form.
The biggest advantage of the electronic form is speed.
The biggest drawback is that quick and easy copying might tempt writers to plagiarize.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 13
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Synonym Finders A computerized thesaurus
can provide instantaneous feedback for synonyms
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 14
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Spelling CheckersCompare words in your
document with words in a disk-based dictionary Words might be flagged,
but you make the decision to ignore or change the spelling.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 15
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Grammar and Style CheckersAnalyze each word in context,
checking for errors of content Check spellingPoint out possible errors and
suggest improvementsAnalyze prose complexity using
measurements such as sentence length and paragraph length
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 16
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Form Letter GeneratorsMail merge capabilities produce personalized form letters.
Create a database with names. Create a form letter. Merge the database with the form letter to create a personalized letter.
You can incorporate custom paragraphs based on the recipient’s personal data. Each letter looks as if it were individually written.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 17
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Collaborative Writing ToolsGroupware: software designed to be
used by a workgroup Provides for collaborative writing
and editingTracks changes and identifies them
by the originator’s nameCompares document versions and
highlights differences in documents
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 18
Emerging Word Tools
Processing handwritten words Processing words with software that can reliably recognize
human speechAnticipating a writer’s needs, acting as an electronic editor or
co-author
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 19
Examples of Word Processors
Free/open-source OpenOffice.org Writer
• Similar to Microsoft Word and Corel’s WordPerfect
• OS platforms: Windows, Linux, Mac, FreeBSD, Solaris
Commercial software Microsoft [Office] Word
• OS platforms: Windows, Mac Corel’s WordPerfect
Slide 20
Desktop Publishing
Slide 21
The Desktop Publishing Story
What Is Desktop Publishing?The process of producing a
book, magazine, or other publication includes several steps: Writing text Editing text
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 22
The Desktop Publishing Story
Producing drawings, photographs, and other graphics to accompany the text
Designing a basic format for the publication
Typesetting text Arranging text and graphics on pages Typesetting and printing pages Binding pages into a finished publication
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 23
The Desktop Publishing Story
With modern desktop publishing technology (DTP), the production process can be accomplished with sophisticated tools that are affordable and easy to use.
A desktop publishing system generally includes:One or more Macs or PCsA scanner
Transforms photographs and hand-drawn images into computer-readable documents
A high-resolution printerSoftware (see next slide)
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 24
The Desktop Publishing Story
Desktop publishing software: Image-editing software Page-layout software combines the
various source documents into a coherent, visually appealing publication• QuarkXpress• PageMaker• Adobe InDesign
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 25
The Desktop Publishing Story
Creating Professional-looking DocumentsRules of Thumb:
Plan before you publish. Use appropriate fonts. Don’t go style-crazy. View your document through your
reader’s eyes. Learn from the masters. Know your limitations. Remember the message: “The purpose of publishing is communication;
don’t try to use technology to disguise the lack of something to communicate.”
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 26
The Desktop Publishing Story
Why Desktop Publishing?Saves money Saves time Can reduce the number of
publication errors Offers new hope for every
individual’s right to publish
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 27
Beyond the Printed Page
Paperless Publishing and the WebA common prediction is that desktop publishing—and paper
publishing in general—will be replaced by paperless electronic media.
Electronic Books and Digital PaperThe electronic book, or ebook, is a handheld device that can
contain anything from today’s top news stories to lengthy novels.
Digital paper, or epaper, is a flexible, portable, paper-like material that can dynamically display black-and-white text and images on its surface.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 28
The Spreadsheet
Slide 29
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
The Malleable Matrix
The spreadsheet consists of: Cells (the intersection
of a row and column) Addresses (column letter and
row number, e.g., A1, C12)
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Cell A1
Cell C12
Slide 30
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Spreadsheets can contain:Values, such as numbers and
datesLabels, such as column and
report headings, that explain what the values mean
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 31
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Formulas allow you to create instructions using mathematical expressions and commands.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
+ (plus)- (minus)
*(multiplication)/ (division)
Sum
Average
Slide 32
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Screen Test:
Creating a Worksheet with Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet programs work in much the same way and share
most of these features:Spreadsheets offer many automatic features such as replication of data.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 34
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Formulas can be: Relative, so they refer to different cells when they are copied Absolute, so the formula references never change when they are copied
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
When the formula in column B is copied to column C, it changes relative to the new column.
Slide 35
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Automatic recalculation Any time a change is entered into the spreadsheet, all data related to
the change automatically updates.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
When a value is entered in column E or F the value of the related formula in column G is automatically updated.
Slide 36
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Functions (e.g., SUM, AVG, SQRT) automate complex calculations.
Macros store keystrokes and commands so they can be played back automatically.
Templates offer ready-to-use worksheets with labels and formulas already entered.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 37
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Linking spreadsheets together
When the values change in one spreadsheet, the data is automatically updated in all linked spreadsheets.
Database capabilities Search for information
Sort the data by a specific criteria
Merge the data with a word processor
Generate reports
Slide 38
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Rules of Thumb: Avoiding Spreadsheet Pitfalls
Plan the worksheet before you start entering values and formulas.
Make your assumptions as accurate as possible. Double-check every formula and value.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 39
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Rules of Thumb (continued) Make formulas readable. Check your output against other systems. Build in cross-checks. Change the input data values and study the results. Take advantage of pre-programmed functions, templates,
and macros.. Use a spreadsheet as a decision-making aid, not as a
decision-maker.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 40
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
“What If?” Questions
Spreadsheets allow you to change numbers and instantly see the effects of those changes. “What if I enter this value?”
Equation solvers Some spreadsheets generate data needed to fit a given equation and
target value.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 41
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Spreadsheet Graphics: From Digits to Drawings
Charts allow you to turn numbers into visual data.
Pie charts show proportions relative to the whole.
Line charts show trends or relationships over time.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Slide 42
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Use bar charts if data falls into a few categories.
Use scatter charts to discover, rather than to display, a relationship between two variables.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Slide 43
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Rules of Thumb: Making Smart Charts
Choose the right chart for the job.Think about the message you’re trying to convey. Pie charts, bar charts, line charts, and scatter charts are not interchangeable.
Keep it simple, familiar, and understandable. Use charts in magazines, books, and newspapers as models.Strive to reveal the truth, not hide it.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 44
Examples of Spreadsheet Software
Free/open-sourceOpenOffice.org Calc
• Similar to Microsoft Excel
• OS platforms: Windows, Linux, Mac, FreeBSD, Solaris
Commercial softwareMicrosoft [Office] Excel
• OS platforms: Windows, Mac
Slide 45
Statistical Software
Slide 46
Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets
Money Managers Accounting and Financial Management software allows you to
electronically handle routine transactions such as: Writing checks Balancing accounts Creating budgets Using online banking services Preparing taxes
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 47
Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets
Automatic MathematicsMathematics processing software
Software turns abstract mathematical relationships into visual objects (Example: Mathematica by Wolfram).
Generally, they include an interactive, wizard-like question-and-answer mode, a programming language, and tools for creating interactive documents that combine text, numerical expressions, and graphics.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 48
Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets
Statistics and Data AnalysisStatistical and data analysis software
Collects and analyzes data that tests the strength of data relationships
Can produce graphs showing how two or more variables relate to each other
Can often uncover trends by browsing through two- and three-dimensional graphs of data, looking for unusual patterns in the dots and lines that appear on the screen
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 49
Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets
Scientific Visualization Scientific visualization software uses shape, location in space,
color, brightness, and motion to help us visualize data. Visualization helps researchers see relationships that might
have been obscure or even impossible to grasp without computer-aided visualization tools.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 50
Presentation
Slide 51
Presentation
Hints for a successful presentation: Do your research Know your audience Time your presentation Practice your presentation Speak comfortably and
clearly
Slide 52
Presentation
Effective presentation slides:Use design templatesUse master slidesStandardize position, colors and styles Include only necessary information Limit the information to essentials
Slide 53
Presentation
Effective presentation slides (cont.):Content should be self-evident Use colors that contrast and work
well together Be consistent with effects,
transitions and animation Too many slides can lose your
audience Limit the number of slides (no more than 12 for a 10 minute presentation)
Slide 54
Presentation
Text guidelines:Generally no more than 6-7 words a line Generally no more than 6-7 lines a slide Avoid long sentences Larger font indicates more important
information Font size generally ranges from 18 to 48 point Be sure text contrasts with background
Slide 55
Presentation
Text guidelines (cont.):Fancy fonts can be hard to
read Words in all capital letters
are hard to read Avoid abbreviations and
acronyms Limit punctuation marksSpell check and proofread
your work
Slide 56
Presentation
Images, graphics, animation, sound:Should balance the slide Should enhance and complement the text,
not overwhelm No more than two graphics per slideUse a chart or graph to present statisticsUse images to simplify complex conceptsUse animation for complex relationshipsUse sound and video only when absolutely
necessary
Slide 57
Examples of Presentation Tools
Free/open-sourceOpenOffice.org Impress
• Similar to Microsoft Powerpoint
• OS platforms: Windows, Linux, Mac, FreeBSD, Solaris
Commercial softwareMicrosoft [Office] Powerpoint
• OS platforms: Windows, Mac
Slide 58
Computer Modeling and Simulation
Slide 59
Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Computer modeling uses computers to create abstract models of objects, organisms, organizations, and processes.
Examples of popular computer models:Games (chess boards, sports arenas, and mythological societies)Models of organisms, objects, and organizationsFlight simulators and simulations of science lab activitiesBusiness, city, or nation management simulations
Slide 60
Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Computer Simulations: The Rewards
Computer simulations are widely used.There are many reasons:
Safety Economy Projection Visualization Replication
Slide 61
Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Computer Simulations: The RiskGIGO Revisited
The accuracy of a simulation depends on how closely its mathematical model corresponds to the system being simulated.
Some models suffer from faulty assumptions. Some models contain hidden assumptions that may not even be
obvious to their creators. Some models go astray simply because of clerical or human errors. Still, garbage in, garbage out is a basic rule of simulation.
Slide 62
Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Making Reality Fit the MachineSome simulations are so complex that
researchers need to simplify models and streamline calculations to get them to run on the best hardware available.
Sometimes this simplification of reality is deliberate; more often it’s unconscious.
Either way, information can be lost, and the loss may compromise the integrity of the simulation and call the results into question.
Slide 63
Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
The Illusion of Infallibility A computer simulation, whether generated by a
PC spreadsheet or churned out by a supercomputer, can be an invaluable decision-making aid.
The risk is that the people who make decisions with computers will turn over too much of their decision-making power to the computer.
Risks can be magnified because people take computers seriously.
“Trust your feelings.” Jedi Master in Star
Wars
Slide 64
The Future
Slide 65
Inventing the Future: Truly Intelligent Agents
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Future user interfaces will be based on agents rather than on tools.
Agents are software programs designed to be managed rather than manipulated.
An intelligent software agent can: Ask questions as well as respond to commands Pay attention to its user’s work patterns Serve as a guide and a coach Take on its owner’s goals Use reasoning to fabricate goals of its own
Slide 66
Inventing the Future: Truly Intelligent Agents
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Tomorrow’s agents will be better able to compete with human assistants.
Future agents may possess a degree of sensitivity.A well-trained software agent in the future might accomplish
these tasks: Remind you that it’s time to get the tires rotated on your car and make an
appointment for the rotation Distribute notes to the other members of your study group or work group
and tell you which members opened those notes
Slide 67
Inventing the Future: Truly Intelligent Agents
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Keep you posted on new articles on subjects that interest you and know enough about those subjects to be selective without being rigid
Manage your appointments and keep track of your communications
Teach you new applications and answer reference questions
Defend your system and your home from viruses, intruders, and other security breaches
Help protect your privacy on and off the Net
I don’t want to sit and move stuff around on my screen all day and look at figures and have it recognize my gestures and listen to my voice. I want to tell it what to do and then go away; I don’t want to babysit this computer. I want it to act for me, not with me.—Esther Dyson,
computer industry analyst and publisher
Slide 68
Lesson Summary
Slide 69
Lesson Summary Even though the computer was designed to work with numbers, it can be an
important tool for working with words as well. Word processing software enables you to use commands to edit text on
screen, without having to retype messages. Outlining software, spell checkers, and online references can be very helpful. Desktop publishing produces professional-quality text-and-graphics
documents. Spreadsheets can be used for tracking, calculating, forecasting, and almost
any other task that involves repetitive numeric calculations. Most spreadsheet programs have charting capabilities.
Presentation tools are essential to present your work to wider audience. Use your presentation tools effectively to provide good quality of presentation slides.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 70
Lesson Summary (continued)
Specialized software allows you to perform accounting tasks, tax preparation, and a variety of business functions without the aid of spreadsheets.
Symbolic mathematic and statistical-analysis software can help present data in meaningful ways.
Scientific visualization software can help us understand relationships that are invisible to the naked eye.
Computer modeling and simulation can be powerful tools for understanding the world and making better decisions.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 71
References
Beekman G., Quinn M. J., “Tomorrow’s Technology and and You”, 8th Edition, Chapter 5, Prentice-Hall, 2008
Presentation: Creating an Effective Powerpoint,
http://mason.gmu.edu/~montecin/powerpoint.html, accessed on Aug 5th, 2008
Tips for Creating and Using Effective PowerPoint Presentations, http://www.cochrane.org/resources/PowerPointTips1.pdf, accessed on Aug 5th, 2008
Designing Effective PowerPoint Presentations, http://revitalise.ncsa.uiuc.edu/workshops/sess6/resources/Effective_presentation.ppt, accessed on Aug 5th, 2008