Slide #1 R 16 Global Climate Change · bleaching, in which zooxanthellae algae living within corals die. Without the algae, coral cannot survive. •Changes in ocean acidity, resulting

Slide #1

16 Global Climate ChangeC

HA

PT

ER

Slide #2

Rising Seas May Flood the Maldive Islands

• Sea levels are rising worldwide.

• Scientists link this to global climate change.

•Global climate change threatens the Maldives, a group of islands in the Indian Ocean, with flooding, severe storms, erosion, and saltwater contamination.

Talk About It Why are rising sea levels a concern for all

people, not just those who live on the Maldives Islands?

Slide #3

Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate

Without greenhouse gases, Earth

would be too cold to support life.

What is the difference

between climate and

weather?

Slide #4

Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate -- Objectives

1. Describe factors that affect how the sun warms the Earth

2. Discuss the role of wind patterns in determining climate

3. Explain how the oceans affect climate

4. Describe how climate is affected by topography,

volcanoes, regional vegetation, and periodic changes in

Earth’s orbit

Vocabulary: greenhouse effect greenhouse gas

thermohaline ciruclation

El Nino topography

Slide #5

a) The Greenhouse Effect

• A natural process in which greenhouse gases absorb heat and release it slowly back into the atmosphere

• Greenhouse gases do not trap* energy that has been converted to heat at Earth’s surface.


* Did You Know? Greenhouse

gases absorb heat and release it slowly, while an actual greenhouse traps warm air inside a structure.

Three factors have more

influence on Earth’s

climate than all others…

1) The Sun causes…

* instead the heat is released slowly,

acting more like a blanket than a

greenhouse

Slide #6

b) The Effect of Latitude on heating the earth

• Latitude is a measure of

a place’s distance from

the equator.

• In general, the greater

the latitude, the cooler a

location’s overall climate

will be.

• The seasons are also

caused by the changing

angles at which sunlight

strikes Earth.

Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic ClimateThree factors have more influence on Earth’s climate than all

others… 1) The Sun causes…

Slide #7

c) The Effect of Sunspot Cycle on heating the earth• The more sunspots there

are on the sun’s surface,

the more energy it emits.

• 11 year cycle

• Probably not a major nor

long-term effect on

climate

Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic ClimateThree factors have more influence on Earth’s climate than all

others… 1) The Sun causes…

Slide #8

POP QUIZ: Use your notes to describe factors that affect how the sun warms the Earth


Slide #9

2) Wind• Caused by convection currents

resulting from rising warm air and falling cool air

• Transports moisture and heat

• Global wind patterns move warm air away from equator, toward poles.

• Cold air moves from poles toward equator.

• Winds pick up moisture and can carry it for long distancesuntil it falls as precipitation.

Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic ClimateThree factors have more

influence on Earth’s climate

than all others…

Slide #10

3) The Oceans

• Ocean currents, which are caused by a combination of unequal heating of water and unequal salinity*, affect climate by transporting heat.

• El Niño and La Niña are disruptions to normal climate patterns caused by variations in the typical interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere.


Did You Know? The ocean absorbs a lot of carbon dioxide, causing a global cooling effect. The ocean can hold 50 times more CO2 than is found in the atmosphere.

Three factors have more

influence on Earth’s climate

than all others…

* = thermohaline

Slide #11

Other Factors That Affect Climate


1 Topography: Higher altitudes have cooler temperatures; mountain ranges affect rainfall patterns.

Slide #12

Other Factors That Affect Climate


2 Volcanoes: Gases and particles can temporarily block sunlight, causing air to cool.

3 Vegetation: Plant life promotes cloud formation and absorbs carbon dioxide.

4 Earth’s orbit: Changes in Earth’s orbit and the tilt of Earth’s axis affect the distribution of solar radiation.

Did You Know? Ice ages are at least partially

caused by changes in Earth’s orbit and axis.

Mount St. Helens

Slide #13

Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate – Recap

Discuss with your tablemate and find

evidence from your textbook to support these

statements:

Lesson 1 = The oceans influence Earth’s

climate

Central Case = Earth’s climates influences

the oceans

Be ready to share

Slide #14

Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate – Recap

1. Describe factors that affect how the sun warms the Earth

2. Discuss the role of wind patterns in determining climate

3. Explain how the oceans affect climate

4. Describe how climate is affected by topography,

volcanoes, regional vegetation, and periodic changes in

Earth’s orbit

Vocabulary: greenhouse effect greenhouse gas

thermohaline circulation

El Nino topography

Slide #15

Lesson 16.2 Climate Change

According to NASA’s Goddard Institute

for Space Studies, 2009 tied for second

warmest year on record, just behind

2005. The decade spanning 2000–2009

was the warmest on record.

Global climate change even made the

morning the TV shows

http://school.pearsoned.com/Pegasus/Modules/serveContent.PCTP?temp=6021&containerid=755053187&intAssetId=755053187&CopyCourseID=0&TSLCourseID=472826&mode=

Slide #16

Lesson 16.2 Climate Change -- Objectives

1.Identify evidence of global warming.

2.Explain three methods used to study

climate change.

3.State the probable cause of global

climate change.

Vocab: global climate change global warming

proxy indicator climate model

fossil fuel

Slide #17

Evidence of a Warming Earth


•Rising global surface temperatures

•Changes in precipitation patterns

•Melting ice (glaciers, polar ice)

•Rising sea level (Maldives)

Both photos show

Sperry Glacier in

Montana’s Glacier

National Park.

Top: 1913:

Bottom: 2008

Did You Know? Since 1986, the Larsen Ice Shelf near Antarctica has lost an area more than 3 times the size of Rhode Island.

0.74ºC (1.33ºF) from 1906 - 2005

1850—150; 2012—26

Warm water expands, melting ice adds water

complex

Slide #18Lesson 16.2 Climate Change

Both photos show Sperry Glacier

in Montana’s Glacier National

Park.

Top: 1913:

Bottom: 2008

Did You Know? Since 1986, the Larsen Ice Shelf near Antarctica has lost an area more than 3 times the size of Rhode Island.

Slide #19

Maldives Islands

Slide #20

Studying Climate Change

•Direct measurement is used to

study today’s climate.

• Proxy indicators, such as

patterns in tree rings, give clues

about past climates.

•Models are used to make

predictions about future

climates.


Cross-section of a tree trunk

Proxies = ice, pollen in

sediments, tree ringsComplex, like the

global climate –

atmosphere and ocean

Slide #21

Finding the Cause of Climate ChangeLesson 16.2 Climate Change

• According to studies, increases in greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate change.

• The increase in greenhouse gases is mainly due to burning of fossil fuels and changes in land use (cutting forests)

Charles Keeling, Mauna

Loa Observatory, Hawaii

1958 = 315 ppm CO2

2009 = 387 ppm CO2

May, 2013 = 400 ppm CO2

Slide #22

Lesson 16.2 Climate Change -- Recap

Working with your tablemate, use your

textbook and find the answers to these

questions:

1. Give 2 reasons why increasing

temperatures cause sea levels to rise

2.How can this affect the Maldives

Islands of the Central Case?

Slide #23

Lesson 16.2 Climate Change -- Recap

1.Identify evidence of global warming.

2.Explain three methods used to study

climate change.

3.State the probable cause of global

climate change.

Vocab: global climate change global warming

proxy indicator climate model

fossil fuel

Slide #24

Lesson 16.3 Effects of Climate Change

In 2003, a severe

heat wave in

Europe killed

35,000 people.

Slide #25

Lesson 16.3 Effects of Climate Change -- Objectives

1. State ways in which the warming atmosphere

affects ecosystems and organisms.

2. Explain how climate change is affecting people

now.

3. Predict future effects of climate change on

people.

Vocabulary: coral bleaching

Slide #26

Lesson 16.3 Effects of Climate Change -- Recap

Effects of

Climate

Change on

Living Things

Complete this scatter chart

example

example

example

example

example

detail

detail

detail

detail

detail

Ch 16-3

Slide #27

Effects on Organisms


• Habitats shift, usually toward the poles or to higher altitudes.

Did You Know? Robins arrive on a Colorado mountaintop about 2 weeks earlier than they did in 1970.

Migrating sandhill cranes

• Migrations start earlier in

the spring.

• Problems Obtaining Food

• Loss of ice makes

hunting seals difficult for

polar bears.

Slide #28

Effects of a Changing Ocean

• An increase in ocean

temperature is associated

with a process called coral

bleaching, in which

zooxanthellae algae living

within corals die. Without the

algae, coral cannot survive.

•Changes in ocean acidity,

resulting from an increase

in dissolved carbon dioxide,

can harm organisms.


The color of healthy brain coral comes from algae.

When the algae die, as above, coral bleaching

occurs.

H2O + CO2 H2CO3

Carbonic acid; increases acidity; lower pH;

Slide #29

pH Scale


H2O + CO2 H2CO3

Carbonic acid; increases acidity; lower pH;

Slide #30

Current Effects of Global Climate Change


•Agriculture and forestry: Effects are complex.

• Can be positive: Lengthened growing season for some crops

• Can be negative: Droughts and forest fires; shortened growing season

• Economy: Decreased yields; increased property damage due to severe storms and climate conditions

•Human health: Extreme heat waves increasingly common, can cause heat stroke and death

Damage caused by Hurricane Katrina, in 2005

Slide #31

Pictures from SuperStorm Sandy, 2010(property damage due to severe storms)


Slide #32

Slide #33

Future Effects of Climate Change

•Diseases: Warmer temperatures can promote spread of diseases transmitted from animals to people.

• Sea level: Low-lying populated coastal areas may flood as sea levels rise.

•Water supply: Saltwater contamination of aquifers resulting from rising sea levels and a decrease in glacial ice may threaten freshwater supplies.


Did You Know? In the United States, 53% of the population lives in coastal areas.

Black-legged ticks, known

to spread Lyme disease

Slide # 34

Bill Nye What if all the ice melted? (6 mins)

Bill Nye Climate Change Grief Nat Geo (45 mins)

6 Degrees PBS (60 mins +)

Watch this

video:

Bill Nye

explains

climate

change (4

mins)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6CPsGanO_U

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmrsbY3MCZs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_pb1G2wIoA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtW2rrLHs08

Slide #35

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-

warming/global-warming-solutions/

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/global-warming-solutions/

Slide #36


Effects of

Climate

Change on

Living Things

Complete this

scatter chart

CA Lilac

Polar

bears,

migrating

birds

Affects

corals &

other

ocean

organisms

Coral

bleaching

Robins

Shifting

habitats

Ocean

acidity

Problems

obtaining

food

Warmer

ocean

temperature

Changes

in

migration

times

Slide #37


Working with your tablemate, use your textbook to

answer these questions:

1. Give detailed examples of the effects of climate

change on the Maldives

2. What is predicted to be the future impact of

climate change on the Maldives?

Slide #38


answers:

> flooding

> severity of storms

>damage to reefs (protection and food)

>threats to drinking water supply (salt water incursion)

Future = uninhabitable

Slide #39


1. State ways in which the warming atmosphere

affects ecosystems and organisms.

2. Explain how climate change is affecting people

now.

3. Predict future effects of climate change on

people.

Vocabulary: coral bleaching

Slide #40

Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change

Fossil fuel combustion generates

70% of the electricity used in the

United States.

Energy conserving light bulbs

Slide #41

Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change -- Objectives


1. List ways to reduce greenhouse gases related to the

use and generation electricity.

2. Describe some of the ways of reducing greenhouse

gases related to transportation

3. Describe other strategies for reducing greenhouse

gases.

4. Explain how nations are working together to try to

address climate changeVocab: carbon footprint carbon tax

carbon offset carbon sequestration

Kyoto Protocol

Slide #42

Use and Production of Electricity

•Carbon footprint: The amount of carbon dioxide for which an individual or group is responsible

•Most electricity is generated by burning fossil fuels.

•Reducing electricity use reduces carbon footprints.

•Ways to reduce electricity use:

• Use energy-efficient technologies,

which lessen the electricity needed to

do a job.

• Reduce the use of electrical devices

and appliances.


Slide #43

Slide #44

Carbon Footprint

• Calculate your carbon footprint w/o an iPad

• Or try this link if you are using an iPad Don’t put your real birthday, and you have to select Holland Elementary School…

http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/

http://youth.zerofootprint.net/

Slide #45Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change

http://myfootprint.org/en/qu

iz_results/


http://www.nature.org/greenliving/carboncalculator/#

Slide #47

http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/



Your footprint is 9.68 metric tons per

year

The average footprint for people in

United States is 20.40 metric tons

The average for the industrial nations is

about 11 metric tons

The average worldwide carbon footprint

is about 4 metric tons

The worldwide target to combat climate

change is 2 metric tons

http://www.carbonfootprint.com/calculat

or.aspx

http://coolclimate.berkeley.edu/carboncalculator

http://www.carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx

Slide #49

Alternate Sources of Electricity• Alternative Sources of Electricity

•Nuclear power

• Solar power

•Wind power

•Hydroelectric power

•Geothermal power


Wind turbines

Slide #50

• Transportation is the second largest source of greenhouse

gas emissions in the United States, second only to electricity.

Advances in Vehicle Technology


Energy Loss in a Car• Alternatives to fuel-only

cars include:

• Gasoline-electric

hybrid vehicles

• Vehicles that use

alternative fuels such as

compressed natural gas

• Vehicles that use

hydrogen fuel cells.

Slide #51

Reducing Dependence on Cars• Biking, walking, and using public transportation are all

ways to reduce fossil fuel use.

•Many communities lack good public transportation.


Did You Know? The average

American family makes 10 trips by car

each day.

Slide #52

Strategies for Reducing Greenhouse Gases

•Agriculture / forestry: Reduce soil erosion and replace cut trees, to curb CO2 emissions

•Cap-and-Trade: System of emission allowances that can be sold or traded, gives companies incentive to reduce emissions

•Carbon tax: A tax per unit on emissions

•Carbon offsets: Instead of directly reducing emissions, companies can make a voluntary payment to a group that reduces or curbs greenhouse gases.

•Carbon sequestration: Technology is used to trap and store carbon dioxide emissions.


Slide #53

Cooperation Among Nations• The Kyoto Protocol is a binding

international effort to reduce greenhouse gases to below 1990 levels.

• The United States did not sign the Kyoto Protocol.

• Many nations are planning to develop a new binding agreement to address global climate change some time in the future.


The Kyoto Protocol required developed

nations to reduce emissions but did not

require the same of developing nations,

such as China and India, because

industrialized nations created the

current greenhouse gas problem so we

should take the lead in solving it. What

do you think of this?

Slide #54

Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change -- Recap


How might these groups respond to

global climate change?

Individual

•

•

Corporations

•

•

Governments

•

•

Slide #55



How might these groups respond to

global climate change?

Individual

• ride bike

• energy conservation at home

• fuel efficient car

Corporations

• improve energy efficiency

• better farming practices

• Cap & Trade

Governments

• improve public transportation

• legislation(carbon tax)

Slide #56



1. List ways to reduce greenhouse gases related to the

use and generation electricity.

2. Describe some of the ways of reducing greenhouse

gases related to transportation

3. Describe other strategies for reducing greenhouse

gases.

4. Explain how nations are working together to try to

address climate changeVocab: carbon footprint carbon tax

carbon offset carbon sequestration

Kyoto Protocol

Slide #57

Firefox

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/09/rising-seas/if-ice-melted-map?utm_source=NatGeocom&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=inside_20131017&utm_campaign=Content

Documents

Slide #1 R 16 Global Climate Change · bleaching, in which zooxanthellae algae living within corals die. Without the algae, coral cannot survive. •Changes in ocean acidity, resulting