SLEEP & DREAMS

HOW MANY HOURS A NIGHT DO YOU SLEEP DURING THE WEEK?

ON A WEEKEND?AT WHAT TIMES THROUGHOUT THE

DAY DO YOU FEEL MOST TIRED? IF YOU DIDN’T HAVE SCHOOL

WHAT TIME WOULD YOU GO TO SLEEP/ WAKE UP?

DO YOU THINK MOST AMERICANS GET ENOUGH SLEEP – WHY/WHY NOT?

SLEEPSLEEPImagine...if on the average,

people sleep 8 hours a day, they are sleeping away 1/3 of their life.

How much is that?

Well, 8 hours of sleep every day is the same as 233,600 hours of sleep by the time you are 80 years old.

That's the same as sleeping 26.67 years!!!

Much of the body’s activities including the desire to sleep are governed by:

Circadian rhythm = biological clock

STAGES of SLEEPDefined in terms of brain

wave patternsMeasured by

Electroencephalograph (EEG)CyclicalBeta, alpha, theta, delta

waves

EEG (electroencephalogram) which shows a record of brain activity

EMG (electromyogram) shows muscle activity

EOG (electroculogram) shows eye movements

STAGES of SLEEP

Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) SWS sleep is actually 4

different stages of sleep(Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3 & Stage 4) with different EEG patterns.

STAGES of SLEEPSlow Wave Sleep (SWS) Stage 1 = lightest sleep;

= dreamlike images/photos

Then to stages 2, 3, & 4Stage 4 = deepest sleepBack to stages 3, 2, 190 minutes passed

STAGES of SLEEP

Rapid Eye Movement = (REM) sleep

Breathe more irregularly, BP rises, heart beats faster

F.Y.I.Infants spend about 50% of their

sleep time in SWS and 50% in REM sleep

Adults spend about 20% of their sleep time in REM and 80% in SWS sleep

Elderly people spend less than 15% of their sleep time in REM sleep.

REM SleepDreaming occursEyes move back and forth rapidly EEG pattern during REM sleep is

similar to the EEG when you are awake

However, the EMG is very quiet during REM sleep - one theory is that during REM sleep, the muscles are inactive so that we will not act out our dreams. This also means that sleepwalkers are not in REM sleep and are not acting out their dreams.

Why Sleep?

SLEEP DEPRIVATIONWHAT PROBLEMS COULD LACK OF

SLEEP CAUSE FOR OUR SOCIETY?

HOW COULD LACK OF SLEEP PROBLEMS BE SOLVED?

Reasons for Sleep

Revive tired bodyBuild up resistance to

infectionTissue maintenance, secretion

of hormones involved in development

Psychological functions = recover from stress

Sleep deprivation

IrritabilityDifficulty focusing –

vision/thoughtMemory lapsesSpeech difficultiesWeakened immune system &

other health problems

DREAMINGDREAMING

We dream about 4-5 times a night

That is the same as 116,800 to 146,000 dreams by the time you are 80 years old!!!

DREAMSREM sleep

= clear imagery and plots make sense (even though

may be unrealistic)NREM

= plots vaguer & images more fleeting

DREAMINGDREAMINGFREUD

= dreams reflect a person’s unconscious wishes & urges

= symbolismBIOPSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH

= biological; nuerons randomly fire & brain tries to make sense of it

DREAMING: DREAMING: Factors affecting dream contentRecent eventsChildhood/past eventsPre-sleep experiencesSex differencesAgeInternal & External stimuli

DAYDREAMINGReliving or anticipating eventsForm of escapismAnxiety, achievement, thinking

ahead, problem-solving, fantasy

Sleep ProblemsSleep ProblemsInsomnia=

Inability to sleep

Forty-eight percent of Americans report insomnia occasionally, while 22 percent experience insomnia every or almost every night.*

Women are 1.3 times more likely to report insomnia than men.

People over age 65 are 1.5 times more likely to complain of insomnia than younger people.

Divorced, widowed and separated people report more insomnia.

* National Sleep Foundation 1998 Omnibus Sleep in America Poll

Sleep ProblemsSleep ProblemsNightmares=

Frightening dreams that usually awaken sleeper from REM sleep

Night Terrors= More severe

Sleep ProblemsSleep ProblemsSleep walking

Sleep ProblemsSleep ProblemsNarcolepsy =

Fall asleepExcessive sleepiness or

sudden muscle weakness

Rusty

Sleep ProblemsSleep ProblemsSleep Apnea =

Breathing interruption that occurs during sleep

www.sleepquest.com                          

Abnormal airway during sleep. Multiple sites of obstruction often occur in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. An elongated and enlarged soft palate impinges on the posterior airway at the level of the nasopharynx and oral pharynx. In addition, a retruding jaw pushes an enlarged tongue posteriorly to impinge on the hypopharyngeal space.

Abnormal airway during sleep. Multiple sites of obstruction often occur in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. An elongated and enlarged soft palate impinges on the posterior airway at the level of the nasopharynx and oral pharynx. In addition, a retruding jaw pushes an enlarged tongue posteriorly to impinge on the hypopharyngeal space.

Normal airway. The soft palate and uvula are normal in length and total size. The tongue is normal in size and is angled forward. The upper airway at the level of the nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx is normal in size and contour.

Normal airway. The soft palate and uvula are normal in length and total size. The tongue is normal in size and is angled forward. The upper airway at the level of the nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx is normal in size and contour.

                              

Sleep DisordersSleep DisordersSleep disorders affect up to 70

million people in the United States. This costs about $100 billion each year in accidents, medical bills and lost work.

(Statistic from Brain Facts, Society for Neuroscience, 1997)

Driving While Drowsy

Driving While Drowsy

1/6 of all car crashes are believed to be linked to drowsiness while driving

Driving while tired is very similar to driving when drunk

In North Carolina 60% of car crashes caused by drowsiness involved people under the age of 25