Sleep Disorder Monitoring system · • Bruxism When the teeth are clenching or grinding. • Clenching A tightly clamp of the top and bottom teeth, especially the back teeth. The

MEMS/NEMS GroupMEMS/NEMS GroupDepartment of Department of Microtechnology Microtechnology and and NanoscienceNanoscience

Sleep Disorder Monitoring systemSleep Disorder Monitoring system

Chalmers University of TechnologyChalmers University of TechnologySahlgrenska Sahlgrenska University HospitalUniversity Hospital

Peter Enoksson

Micro- and Micro- and Nanosystems Nanosystems GroupGroupGroup leader – Prof. Peter Enoksson4 Seniors, Ass.Prof. Per Lundgren, Dr. Mohammad Kabir, Mahdi Yousif and Dr. AnkeSanz-Velasco,2 Guest researcher,7 PhD students (two more to be enrolled)5 Masters students

Main research area:Silicon Microsystems (current - Laser beam steering, SLM, Small area bonding, Inertialsensors, RDGT, Wafer bonding, Mass flow/viscosity sensor, Micro fuel cells, H-field probe,Nanoresonators, Nanoindenter, Biodiagnostics, Wireless sensors, RF-MEMS switches andantennas, CNT NEMS)

Funding from:EUSSFVINNOVANordicIndustry

Worlds smallest pinball game

Laser beam steering Three axis accelerometer Nanoindenter

Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders

Sleep Disorder MonitoringSleep Disorder Monitoring

•• Lack of sleep (Insomnia) Lack of sleep (Insomnia)

•• Disturbed sleep (obstructive sleep apnea) Disturbed sleep (obstructive sleep apnea)

•• Excessive sleep (narcolepsy) Excessive sleep (narcolepsy)

Specific Related DiseasesSpecific Related Diseases

•• Temporomandibular Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TJT) Joint Disorder (TJT)

•• BruxismBruxism

•• Teeth grinding and clenchingTeeth grinding and clenching



•• Temporomandibular Temporomandibular Joint DisorderJoint Disorder

Group of medical problems related to the jaw joint.Group of medical problems related to the jaw joint.

•• Bruxism Bruxism

When the teeth When the teeth are are clenching or grinding.clenching or grinding.

•• Clenching ClenchingA tightly clamp of the top and bottom teeth, especially theA tightly clamp of the top and bottom teeth, especially theback teeth.back teeth.The force causes pressure on the muscles, tissues, andThe force causes pressure on the muscles, tissues, andother structures around the jaw.other structures around the jaw.

•• Grinding GrindingThe teeth are slide over each other, generally in sideways, back-The teeth are slide over each other, generally in sideways, back-and-forth movement, causing noise.and-forth movement, causing noise.


•• People can clench and grind subconsciously during day and night. People can clench and grind subconsciously during day and night.

•• Bruxism Bruxism is often the bigger problem because it is harder to control.is often the bigger problem because it is harder to control.

•• Daily stress may be the trigger in many people. Daily stress may be the trigger in many people.

•• Some people probably clench and never feel symptoms. Some people probably clench and never feel symptoms.


Some FactsSome Facts



SymptomsSymptoms

•• Teeth grinding, loud enough to annoy sleeping partners. Teeth grinding, loud enough to annoy sleeping partners.

•• Sore or painful jaw Sore or painful jaw

•• Headache Headache

•• Earache (Structures of the Earache (Structures of the temporomandibular temporomandibular jointjoint close to the ear canal) close to the ear canal)

•• Anxiety, stress, and tension Anxiety, stress, and tension

•• Insomnia, Depression, Eating disorders, Sleep disorders Insomnia, Depression, Eating disorders, Sleep disorders



Project GoalProject Goal



Sensor ADC in MCU RF ANT PC

MonitoringMonitoringDeviceDevice

Base TerminalBase Terminal

RF ANT


Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless Sensor Networks


Characteristics of a Wireless Sensor NetworkCharacteristics of a Wireless Sensor Network

•• Low Power Consumption Low Power Consumption- Long battery life- Long battery life- Low maintenance or no maintenance schedules of the monitored equipment- Low maintenance or no maintenance schedules of the monitored equipment

•• Low Cost Low Cost- Protocol and network design must avoid the need for high-cost components- Protocol and network design must avoid the need for high-cost components

•• Security Security- Concern about data is transmitted over the air for anyone to receive- Concern about data is transmitted over the air for anyone to receive

•• Data Throughput Data Throughput- Expected to be significantly- Expected to be significantly lowlow. . Perhaps 1 Perhaps 1 byte/s byte/s or lower in some applications.or lower in some applications.

•• Message Latency Message Latency- Relaxed in comparison to WPAN. A latency of sec. or min. is quite acceptable- Relaxed in comparison to WPAN. A latency of sec. or min. is quite acceptable

•• Mobility Mobility- In general, no mobility required.- In general, no mobility required.- Less control traffic overhead and simpler routing methods.- Less control traffic overhead and simpler routing methods.


Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless Sensor Networks


WSNWSN’’s s Suitable for the ApplicationSuitable for the Application

ANT Wireless Network ProtocolANT Wireless Network Protocol solution for Personal Area Networks, where thesolution for Personal Area Networks, where thesize, cost and size, cost and uWuW power consumption power consumption are critical. are critical.

ZigBeeZigBee™™ is a WNP is a WNP designed for low data rate sensors, low-power monitoring and designed for low data rate sensors, low-power monitoring andcontrol products, IEEE 802.15.4.control products, IEEE 802.15.4.The The ZigBeeZigBee Alliance is supported by several OEMs, as well as major suppliers. Alliance is supported by several OEMs, as well as major suppliers.

BluetoothBluetooth is a WPAN cable replacement technology for wireless communication is a WPAN cable replacement technology for wireless communicationbetween mobile devices, more focused to video and audio transmission.between mobile devices, more focused to video and audio transmission.

Based in the ISM band (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) using 2.4 Based in the ISM band (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) using 2.4 GhzGhz..


CostCost, , ConvenienceConvenienceLow PowerLow Power, , CostCostUltra Ultra lowlow Power, and Power, andCostCostSuccessSuccess MetricsMetrics

1-10+1-10+1-100+1-100+1-301-30RangeRange (meters) (meters)

1000100025025010001000BandwidthBandwidth (kb/s) (kb/s)

1-7 (1-7 (daysdays))0.3yrs+0.3yrs+5 yrs5 yrs11BatteryBattery Life Life

Audio CableAudio CableReplacementReplacement

Personal AreaPersonal AreaNetworksNetworks

Personal AreaPersonal AreaNetworksNetworksApplicationApplication Focus Focus

IEEE 802.15.1IEEE 802.15.1IEEE 802.15.4IEEE 802.15.4DynastreamDynastream ProprietaryProprietaryStandardStandard

BluetoothBluetoothZigbeeZigbeeANTANTMarket Market NameName

11 1 1 hourhour of activity per of activity per dayday, 2 , 2 secondsecond messagemessage intervalinterval

General comparison between ANT, Zigbee and BluetoothGeneral comparison between ANT, Zigbee and Bluetooth

MScMSc. Microsystems Integration Technology. Microsystems Integration TechnologyChalmers University of TechnologyChalmers University of Technology



•• Medical Radiation Impact Medical Radiation Impact

•• Power density Power density

Quantity used for HF, where the depth of penetration in the body is low. RadiantQuantity used for HF, where the depth of penetration in the body is low. RadiantPower Incident perpendicular to Surface, divided by the area of the surface.Power Incident perpendicular to Surface, divided by the area of the surface.(W/m(W/m22). ). For 2.4 For 2.4 Ghz Ghz - 10 W/m- 10 W/m2 2 .(1mW/cm.(1mW/cm22))

Regulations of Swedish Radiation Protection Authority SSI FS 2002:3Regulations of Swedish Radiation Protection Authority SSI FS 2002:3

Council Recommendation in the Official Journal of the European Communities 12/07/99.Council Recommendation in the Official Journal of the European Communities 12/07/99.

•• Maximum Output Power in the transmitter Maximum Output Power in the transmitter

0.391 0.391 mWmW

•• Transmission Period Transmission Period

Processing timeProcessing time = 172 = 172 usecusec

Powered down time measured = 2.05 sec.Powered down time measured = 2.05 sec.


•• Athletic performance monitoring Athletic performance monitoring - Pulse Pulse and respiration and respiration raterate

•• At-home health monitoringAt-home health monitoring - - Personal Personal Weight Weight ManagementManagement•• Daily Daily blood blood sugar sugar monitoringmonitoring•• Monitoring of chronic disordersMonitoring of chronic disorders

Health Monitoring ApplicationsHealth Monitoring Applications


““Monitoring of non-life-critical health information"Monitoring of non-life-critical health information"


ConclusionsConclusions


MScMSc. Microsystems. Microsystems Integration Technology Integration TechnologyChalmers University of TechnologyChalmers University of Technology

The Sleep disorder Monitoring project is one of the applications of theThe Sleep disorder Monitoring project is one of the applications of the

Wireless Sensor Monitoring, and up to the moment, there are no devicesWireless Sensor Monitoring, and up to the moment, there are no devices

which can sense the same parameters. It is possible to apply the samewhich can sense the same parameters. It is possible to apply the same

development to several variables in a hospital and some otherdevelopment to several variables in a hospital and some other

industries.industries.

The current project requires more testing and trials to reach the totalThe current project requires more testing and trials to reach the total

functionality of the system.functionality of the system.

Documents

Sleep Disorder Monitoring system · • Bruxism When the teeth are clenching or grinding. • Clenching A tightly clamp of the top and bottom teeth, especially the back teeth. The