SLAVERY

Divides a NationChapter 7 Section 2Key People

ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENTHARRIET BEECHER STOWE

Published in 1852, Uncle Tom’s Cabin tells the story of a Christian slave, Uncle Tom, who is sold by a Kentucky family burdened by debt. 

Finally, sold again, he dies under the lash of the henchman of a cruel overseer, Simon Legree, who wants Uncle Tom to accept him instead of God as his master. 

Stowe, a member of a family of prominent abolitionists and ministers, also recounts the flight of a family of runaways on the Underground Railroad.

http://classroomclips.org/video/3135

http://video.pbs.org/video/2295592489/

ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT - JOHN BROWN John Brown was a man of action -- a

man who would not be deterred from his mission of abolishing slavery. On October 16, 1859, he led 21 men on a raid of the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. His plan to arm slaves with the weapons he and his men seized from the arsenal was thwarted, however, by local farmers, militiamen, and Marines led by Robert E. Lee. Within 36 hours of the attack, most of Brown's men had been killed or captured.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/brown/maps/map.html

00:31:00 – Bleeding Kansas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOJzSAbqHHQ

00:53:00 01:15:00 00:03:48

This photograph of John Brown was taken in 1856 while the abolitionist was in Kansas, the same year he led an attack on a settlement along the Pottawatomie River in which five unarmed, proslavery settlers were seized and brutally murdered. Although Brown could have killed as many as nine men in the attack, he settled on five -- the same number of antislavery men who had recently died at the hands of southern settlers. The retaliation, Brown claimed, was to create "a restraining fear" among the aggressive proslavery advocates.

JOHN BROWN’S RAID AT HARPERS’ FERRY ARSENAL

Frank Leslie's illustrated newspaper, v. 8, no. 207 (1859 Nov. 19), p. 383. John Brown, now under sentence of death for treason and murder, at Charlestown, Va.

From a photograph taken one year agoby Martin M. Lawrence, 381 Broadway, N.Y

ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT Fredrick Douglass –

former slave who escaped & later published a newspaper – “North Star”

Traveled around the country describing the evils of slavery

http://video.pbs.org/video/2291360172/

ARGUMENT FOR SLAVERY Charles Fitzhugh

published Positive Good Thesis of Slavery

Argued slavery as an OBLIGATION of whites to feed, clothe, and provide church instruction to slaves

Southerners viewed slavery as a favor

SUPREME COURT DECISIONFREE MAN OR SLAVE

1834 – a slave in Missouri Moves to Illinois and then

Wisconsin, both free states Returns to Missouri w/ his master

& claims to be free Files a lawsuit for freedom status

based on living in free states 1857 – justices state that Scott

can NOT SUE because he is a slave & SLAVES are NOT CITIZENS.

CASE causes further DIVISION between North & South.http://video.pbs.org/video/2298073069/

Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, (1857 June 27), front page.

Chief Justice Roger Taney wrote the Court’s majority opinion:1. Slaves /African Americans, could not sue in federal court because they were not recognized as U.S. citizens according to the Constitution. (What amendment finally changes this?)

2. The National government did not have the right to exclude slavery from the territories, enslaved people were considered property and the Constitution protects the movement of property. Therefore, the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment protected property rights. So, a slaveholder had the right to own slaves anywhere in the country or its territories.(This negates the 36°30’ line)

HOMEWORK Who was Sojourner Truth? Read Ch 7

page 235.

Write a summary paragraph answering: who? What? Where? When? How? Why?

Martians need to know.