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SLAP 47SLAP 47
Lina Pradilla
Wireline Efficiency in Unconventional Plays – The Argentinean Experience
Agenda
■ Background
■ Challenges
■ Solutions
■ Results
■ Way Forward
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■ Way Forward
■ Conclusions
BackgroundBackground
Argentina has great potential for unconventional resources
■■ VacaVaca MuertaMuerta: : Jurassic Sedimentary formation with high organic carbon content, present in the Neuquen Basin. The shale thickness reaches 450 m in center of the basin.
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Operational Conditions
Traditional Traditional –– conventionalconventionalBEFORE BEFORE
� Low Well Head Pressure � Multiple runs� Low volume / Low cost
Vs Unconventional Unconventional –– Shale Shale AFTER AFTER
� WHP: 5,000 – 8,000 psi
� Single run for Plug + multiple guns
� High Volume
High Efficiency Required
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� Low volume / Low cost� Short jobs. (1-2 days)� All equip. prepared from the base� Only WL truck + crane� Clean fluid (no sand)� Low risk� Vertical wells
� High Efficiency Required
� Multidisciplinary jobs Idle equipment = $$$ eliminate failures
>50 people on location = HSE Challenge
� 365 days/year, 24/7
� Maintenance required at the wellsite
� Horizontal wells: tractor / pumpdown
Challenges Challenges –– Adapting to ChangeAdapting to Change
■ People: Develop Local Expertise. Operational evolution for Shale development
■ Suitable equipment for new operating conditions
■ Suitable technique for conditions
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■ Suitable technique for conditions
Transition from getting the job Transition from getting the job
done to becoming efficientdone to becoming efficient
SolutionsSolutions – Developing Local ExpertiseLocal Expertise
Challenges Encountered– High complexity of perforating operations– Local personnel with no experience in shale operations– Small Cased Hole structure
Solutions:
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Solutions:– Engineers traveled to USA to be exposed to shale operations to develop competency
– Experienced engineers from USA invited to Neuquen to share their knowledge
– Local ideas/knowledge merged with international experience– Allocated resources to grow CH structure
SolutionsSolutions – Acquiring Suitable EquipmentSuitable Equipment
Challenges Encountered
– Required equipment not available in country
– Import / Export limitations in Argentina
– Participation in horizontal wells completion
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Solutions:
– Import critical pieces that could avoid “reinventing the wheel”
– Develop local manufacturers, with international proven reliable technology
– Adapt local hardware to requirements
Suitable Equipment
■ 5 1/8” 10K Pressure Equipment
■ Plug & shoot hardware
■ Electrical Switches
■ Change detonators (smaller, easy to arm / faster)
■ Large OD, heavy Weight Bars.
■ Maintenance trailer on location
PEK-B (Head)
CAL-B
(CCL)
Gun #4
Gun #3
Gun #5
(Backup)
MH-22 Head
Firing Head
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■ Maintenance trailer on location
HORIZONTAL WELLS■ Tractor Conveyed perforating■ Pumpdown services
Gun #2
CPST-AA
Shooting plug
Adapter
Plug + Adapter
kit
Gun #1
EQF-33
SolutionsSolutions – Developing Suitable TechniqueSuitable Technique
Walk the learning curve along with the client
Procedures, lessons learned & risk analysis
■ Wireline specific
Pumpdown in horizontal wells. (skill / communication)
Rig up rig down, preparation for each stage
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Rig up rig down, preparation for each stage
■ Inter-discipline
• CT best practices to prevent migration of gas - hydrates formation
• Frac flushing techniques to avoid sand during the WL run
■ Efficiency has to increase in order to reduce cost of shale completions and increase profitability
― Independent Runs vs Plug and Perf
―Mechanical Vs electronic selectivity system• Allows pre-arming gun string / Allows surface check before RIH / Allows
Transition from Getting the Job done to becoming Efficient
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• Allows pre-arming gun string / Allows surface check before RIH / Allows confirmation
― Streaming the process / continuous improvement
― Importance of Integrated Services to reduce NPTs. • Built common sense of responsibility
• Coordination/ Teamwork
• Standardized procedures
Tips & tricks to boost efficiency
■ Rig Up procedure
■ BOP rigged up in between stages
■ Man Lift
■ Quick Test Sub
■ Pressure Testing with Live Guns
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■ Inter-disciplinary communication – Simultaneaos opperations
■ Color codes for radio silence (RED / GREEN FLAGS)
■ Standarized procedures - Becoming consistent
■ Dedicated crews
■ Multipads
■ Logistics
300
350
400
450
500
25
30
35
40
ive
sta
ge
s
sta
ge
s p
er
mo
nth
Stages/Month Cumulative
Results
Getting the job done
Becoming efficient
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0
50
100
150
200
250
0
5
10
15
20
Cu
mu
lati
ve
s
sta
ge
s p
er
mo
nth
Adapting to change
Way Forward
■ Polymer coated cables
■ Oriented perforating for horizontal comp.
■ Disposable gun systems
• Modular (up to 5ft)• Preferred plane frac initiation
• Torque/ Bird caging/ Stranded armors • Gas Migration through inner and • Zero Torque / Bonded Armor wires• Sealed polymer cable
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• Modular (up to 5ft)• Light• Adaptor-less (no cleaning)• Zero crimping at the wellsite• Cost – effective• RF versions available
• Preferred plane frac initiation• Gas Migration through inner and
outer armors• Complex well head control for High P.• Grease Injection & mess • Limited running speeds • friction in deep horizontal wells • Rig up height requirement
• Large WHE and grease tubes
• Sealed polymer cable• Compact “Eziload” packoff• No grease, No mess• Limited only by safe winch policy• Friction reduced 40%• Enables longer gun strings / smaller
cranes• No cable stuck in presence of sand /
particles
Conclusions
■ Key recommendations for a successful WL unconventional project startup:
Design
Prepare
� Good project design/preparation between client/ wireline / other disciplines. Define expectations before hand.
� Plan equipment availability according to operational challenges
� Train entire crews “hands on” before execution
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Prepare
Execute
Improve
� Prepare contingency plans before hand and discuss with client.
� Merge international expertise with local experience – create local procedures / lessons learned for specific conditions.
� Execute aiming for continuous improvement– Have a designated project leader
� Train entire crews “hands on” before execution
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
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