SL- Case Analysis

8/2/2019 SL- Case Analysis

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Rural Production & Livelihoods

MRM Term-II

SL case analysis

Ashok Kumar Gupta


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A case for discussion

An Organisation working with tribal department had givena loan for purchase of a cow purchase to a widow whoearned wages from stone crusher.

The govt. have norm of involving their veterinarian & bank

official for the purchase. The insurance co. will be doing insurance.

You come to know that govt. staff had asked for bribe andwill not help the poor women if bribe is not given.

Marketing can be linked with dairy cooperative.

As a manager you nave to make her livelihood sustainable byadopting and practicing the livelihood framework???


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Livelihood

"the command an individual, family, or other

social group has over an income and/or

bundles of resources that can be used or

exchanged to satisfy its needs. This may

involve information, cultural knowledge, social

networks and legal rights as well as tools, land

and other physical resources.


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The livelihoods Approaches

A Livelihood comprise the capabilities, assets &activities required for a means of living; a

livelihood is deemed sustainable when it can

cope with and recover from stresses & shocks

and activities both now & in the future, while

not undermining the natural resource base.


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Livelihoods assets

FinancialCapital

NaturalCapital

SocialCapital

PhysicalCapital

HumanCapital

The Poor


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Human Capital

Health

Nutrition

Education

Knowledge and skills

Capacity to work

Capacity to adapt


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Natural Capital

Land and produce

Water & aquatic resources

Trees and forest products


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Social Capital Networks and connections

o patronageo neighbourhoodso kinship

Relations of trust and mutual support

Formal and informal groups Common rules and sanctions Collective representation Mechanisms for participation in decision-

making Leadership


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Physical Capital

Infrastructure transport - roads, vehicles, etc.

secure shelter & buildings

water supply & sanitation energy

communications

Tools and techology

tools and equipment for production seed, fertiliser, pesticides

traditional technology


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Financial Capital

Savings

Credit/debt - formal, informal, NGOs

Remittances

Pensions

Wages


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The Asset Mix

Different households with differentaccess to livelihood assets

Livelihoods affected by:o diversityof assets

o amount of assetso balance between assets


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So..Human capitallabour capacity no education limited skills

Natural capitallandless access to common property resourcesFinancial capitallow wages

no access to creditPhysical capitalpoor water supply poor housing poor communicationsSocial capital

low social status descrimination against women strong links with family & friends traditions of reciprocal exchange= an extremely reduced livelihood

pentagon

Landlessfemale

agriculturallabourer

FinancialCapital

SocialCapital

PhysicalCapital

HumanCapital

NaturalCapital


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The Vulnerability Context

The vulnerability context is the external environment inwhich people exist

The vulnerability context encompasses:

Shocks such as illness, disasters, conflicts, floods, droughts,storms and crop & livestock pests & diseases

Stresses such as long term trends that underminelivelihood potential; population, decline natural resourcebase, climate change, economic downturns, inflation,

currency devaluation, structural unemployment and poorgovernance.

Seasonalities such as changing prices & shiftingemployment opportunities


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FP

H

NS

The Poor

Vulnerability

ContextShocks

Seasonality

Trends

Changes

Vulnerability Context


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Policies, Institutions & Processes

Policies of government of different LEVELS of government

of NGOs of interational bodies

Institutions

Processes

political, legislative & representative bodies executive agenciesjudicial bodies civil society & membership organisations

NGOs law, money political parties commercial enterprises & corporations

the rules of the game decision-making processes social norms & customs gender, caste, class

language


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Policies & Institutions

Livelihood strategies & outcomes are not justdependent on capital assets or constrained by thevulnerability context; they are also determined by theenvironment of structures & processes.

Structures are the public & private sector organizationsthat set and implement policy and legislation, deliverservices, and purchase, trade and perform all mannerof other functions that affect livelihoods.

Processes embrace the laws, regulations, policies,

operational arrangements, societal norms andpractices that in turn, determine the way in whichstructures operate.


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The Sustainable Livelihoods

Framework

Policies

Institutions

Processes

NS

FP

H

The Poor

Vulnerability

Context

Shocks

Seasonality

Trends

Changes

influenceLivelihood

StrategiesLivelihood

Outcomes


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Livelihood Outcomes

Potential livelihood outcomes can include:

Improved food security

Enhancing income

Reduced vulnerability

Increased well-being

Protected rights of access

Recovered human dignity

Reducing variances in income

Organizing producers to have control over their livelihoods

Enhancing the money that circulates within the localeconomy


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DFID Approach to SLs

People Centered focuses on what matters to people, understands the

differences between groups of people and works with them in socialenvironment and ability to adapt.

Responsive & Participatory so that people themselves identifying andaddressing livelihood priorities.

Multi-Level working ensure that micro level activity create an effectiveenabling environment, and that macro level structures and processes

support people to build upon their own strengths. Conducted in Partnership :of the public and private sector.

Sustainable A balance between four key dimensions to sustainabilityeconomic, institutional, social and environmental sustainability.

Dynamic : external support recognise the dynamic nature of livelihoodstrategies, respond flexibly to changes in peoples situation, and develop

longer-term commitments. Emphasis to maintain an outcome focus , thinking about how

development activity impacts upon peoples livelihoods, not aboutimmediate project outputs.


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CARE Approach to SLs

Three fundamental attributes of livelihoods : human capabilities education, skills, health, psychological

orientation

access to tangible and intangible assets ; and

existence of economic activities

The interaction between these attributes defines whatlivelihood strategy a household will pursue.

A livelihoods approach can effectively incorporate a basicneeds and right-based approach.

The focus on household does not mean that the householdis the only unit of analysis, nor does it mean that theinterventions must take place at the household level.

Documents

SL- Case Analysis