SQUIRREL-KILLERSUpdate Briefs #2, Part C

October 20, 2016

Dr. John F. Schunk, Editor

FIRST NEGATIVE BRIEFS11. AIR POLLUTION12. MEDICAL CARE13. U.S. DOCTOR SHORTAGE

SECOND NEGATIVE BRIEFS14: SPACE STATION: Solvency

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SK/UPDATE2-11. AIR POLLUTION

1. CHINA IS AGGRESSIVELY ATTACKING AIR POLLUTION

SK/UP2-11.01) CHINA DAILY, March 3, 2015, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. China's Ministry of Science and Technology has started planning for a five-year air pollution prevention and control project, the ministry announced on Tuesday. A draft blueprint for the project has been published on the ministry's website and the ministry is soliciting public comment. According to the draft, the focus of air pollution control in China should be shifted from simply responding to heavy smog to a coordinated scheme to prevent both PM2.5, or airborne particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in diameter, and ozone (O3). Air pollution monitoring and management practices will be shifted from the city level to a regional scale, the draft said.

SK/UP2-11.02) CHINA DAILY, August 13, 2015, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. The Chinese government is accelerating investment in environmental protection, with the total investment into the protection of water, air and soil soon totaling 9.4 trillion yuan ($1.37 trillion), the Securities Daily calculated.

SK/UP2-11.03) CHINA DAILY, August 13, 2015, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. In the next five years, the market for energy efficient, environmentally friendly products will have huge potential. With the government focusing on controlling pollution, the energy-saving and eco-friendly industries will become fast-growing sunrise industries in China, and some listed companies related to environmental protection will benefit directly, the newspaper cited an industry insider as saying. Wang Jinnan, chief engineer of the Environmental Planning Institute under the Ministry of Environment, said the investment into environmental protection will drive the development of energy-saving and eco-friendly industries.

SK/UP2-11.04) CHINA DAILY, October 9, 2016, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. A unified grading standard for heavy pollution warnings will be adopted in China's very polluted Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region by the end of October, which may effectively tackle the region's deteriorating air pollution.

SK/UP2-11.05) CHINA DAILY, October 9, 2016, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. According to the standard released in the beginning of 2016, the pollution warning system for six major cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region contains four tiers and is color-coded, with red representing the most severe air pollution, followed by orange, yellow and blue. A red alert is issued if the predicted Air Quality Index (AQI) reaches 500 and is projected to last for over a day, or if the predicted AQI is higher than 200 for three consecutive days. By the end of October, more cities in the region will adopt this warning system, as well as several cities in Shandong and Henan provinces.

2. PUBLIC PRESSURE WILL FORCE FURTHER ACTION

SK/UP2-11.06) CHINA DAILY, March 2, 2015, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. Smog-choked Beijing's bid to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games is expected to accelerate the city and China's air pollution control process, spokesman for the annual session of China's top political advisory body said Monday.

SK/UP2-11.07) Story Hinckley, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, December 17, 2015, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. "China's continuing struggle to control and reduce air pollution exemplifies the government's fear that lifestyle issues will mutate into demands for political change," Mary Gallagher, associate professor of political science at the University of Michigan, told Bloomberg. "As citizens know more about air pollution, more pressure will be put on the government," added Xu Qinxiang, a technology manager at Wuhan Juzheng Environmental Science & Technology, the company that created the "Nationwide Air Quality" smartphone app in 2013. "This will urge the government to control pollutant sources and upgrade heavy industries."

SK/UP2-11.08) Story Hinckley, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, December 17, 2015, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. According to a Pew Research report released earlier this month, 76 percent of people in China say air pollution is a "big" problem, with 35 percent of these people describing the problem as "very big." The government has responded to public sentiment by introducing several technologies, such as drones, sensors, and apps, designed to aid pollution control.

SK/UP2-11.09) Cecilia Tortajada [Sr. Research Fellow, Lee Kuan Yaw School of Public Policy, National U. of Singapore] & Asit K. Biswas [Visiting Professor, National U. of Singapore], CHINA DAILY, June 3, 2016, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. However, the extensive media coverage of environmental pollution has been beneficial. Such coverage and the public concern ensured pollution issues have remained high up the political and economic agenda in recent years. China's leadership has repeatedly stressed the importance of the "war on pollution".

3. CHINA DOES NOT NEED HELP FROM THE U.S. TO SOLVE PROBLEM

SK/UP2-11.10) Cecilia Tortajada [Sr. Research Fellow, Lee Kuan Yaw School of Public Policy, National U. of Singapore] & Asit K. Biswas [Visiting Professor, National U. of Singapore], CHINA DAILY, June 3, 2016, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. In 2010, China's expenditure on combating pollution was 2 trillion yuan. By 2015, it had more than doubled to 4.5 trillion yuan, nearly 40 percent of which was to combat water pollution. In 2014, 1,188 pollution control criminal cases were brought to court: 7.8 times the number of such cases the year before. These are all encouraging signs. And because of these developments, we are cautiously optimistic that over the next one to two decades, China will be able to halt and reverse its environmental pollution.

SK/UPDATE2-12. MEDICAL CARE

1. CHINA ALREADY HAS A STRONG HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

SK/UP2-12.01) Peilong Liu [Peking U. Health Sciences Center, Beijing] et al., THE LANCET, August 30, 2014, p. 793, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. China has made rapid progress in four key domains of global health. China's health aid deploys medical teams, constructs facilities, donates drugs and equipment, trains personnel, and supports malaria control mainly in Africa and Asia. Prompted by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003, China has prioritised the control of cross-border transmission of infectious diseases and other health-related risks. In governance, China has joined UN and related international bodies and has begun to contribute to pooled multilateral funds. China is both a knowledge producer and sharer, offering lessons based on its health accomplishments, traditional Chinese medicine, and research and development investment in drug discovery.

SK/UP2-12.02) Zhan Xinyuan, GLOBAL TIMES (China), December 9, 2015, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. Zhao Yan, vice president of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, who has studied and worked in the France for over 10 years, said that in terms of medical technology, China is already up to international standards. "The medical equipment and technology that Western developed countries have, Chinese hospitals have them as well," Zhao said. "And because Chinese hospitals receive more patients, due to our country's large population, they have more hands-on experience than the doctors in Western countries. Some of them even have a better surgery technique.

SK/UP2-12.03) Zhan Xinyuan, GLOBAL TIMES (China), December 9, 2015, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. After doing some research online and talking to some patients who received treatment at the facility, Moth decided to travel to China to treat his cancer. He received treatment, surgery and chemotherapy in China last year and his cancer is in remission. Moth is one of many foreigners who are traveling to China to receive treatment for illnesses that would either be impossible or too expensive in their home countries. Some of the patients are even from developed countries like the US and other European countries.

SK/UP2-12.04) Zhan Xinyuan, GLOBAL TIMES (China), December 9, 2015, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. Metropolitan got in touch with some foreigners who traveled to China, some local expats, and some experts to dissect the state of healthcare in China. Faster, cheaper and more advanced medical facilities are three key factors driving China's emerging medical tourism industry.

2. CHINA IS TAKING STEPS TO INCREASE DOCTOR SUPPLY

SK/UP2-12.05) Wang Xiaodong, CHINA DAILY, April 13, 2016, pNA, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Doctors working in rural areas in Beijing will get a big raise - in some cases more than triple their current subsidies - under a measure by the municipal government to ease a shortage of healthcare resources.

SK/UP2-12.06) Wang Xiaodong, CHINA DAILY, April 13, 2016, pNA, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Government subsidies for doctors in rural Beijing will increase to 3,500 yuan ($540) a month from the current 1,600 yuan before the end of year, and those working in more mountainous areas may receive an additional subsidy of 500 to 2,000 yuan, Mao said. This means some doctors could have an average salary of up to 5,500 yuan a month, he said. "The policy is meant to encourage doctors to work in mountainous areas, where conditions are harsher," Mao said.

SK/UP2-12.07) Wang Xiaodong, CHINA DAILY, April 13, 2016, pNA, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Over the next decade, China will undertake a series of measures to improve health resources in rural areas, including producing and training more qualified doctors and improving their welfare and social security, according to a guideline released by the State Council, China's Cabinet, last year. The number of registered doctors working in rural areas in Beijing was about 4,600 at the end of 2014, according to the city's health commission. More than 4,200 such doctors will be added in the future, Mao said.

SK/UP2-12.08) CHINA DAILY - AFRICA WEEKLY, February 19, 2016, pNA, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. China plans to restore the admission of pediatric undergraduates in universities to cater to the increasingly urgent demand for pediatricians after the country's only-child policy was loosened. The National Health and Family Planning Commission announced on its website on Thursday that it "will join hands with the Ministry of Education to resume the admission of undergraduates in the pediatrics departments in universities" in 2016.

3. U.S. AND CHINA ARE ALREADY COOPERATIVELY ENGAGED

SK/UP2-12.09) CHINA DAILY European Edition, October 8, 2014, pNA, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. The central government wants to open the private hospital sector as a burgeoning middle class, aging society and environmental pollution fuel demand for more and better healthcare. Over the past five years, it has expanded national health insurance coverage, encouraged greater private investment in the sector and sought to control drug costs. It has also lowered the threshold for foreign ownership of hospitals. In August, it loosened rules to allow foreign investors to wholly own hospitals in seven cities and provinces.

SK/UP2-12.10) Wang Xiangwei, SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST, August 8, 2016, p. 6, LexisNexis Academic. In 2008 and 2009, two teams of American specialists in paediatric cardiac care from the New York-Presbyterian Hospital visited the Jilin hospital to perform surgeries and train local surgeons in newer procedures.

SK/UPDATE2-13. U.S. DOCTOR SHORTAGE

1. NEW PROGRAMS ARE SOLVING DOCTOR SHORTAGES

SK/UP2-13.01) STATES NEWS SERVICE, September 28, 2016, pNA, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Today, Reps. Dave Reichert (R-WA), Earl Blumenauer (D-OR), Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R-WA), and Niki Tsongas (D-MA) introduced a resolution expressing support for a stable and sustainable funding source for the Teaching Health Center Graduate Medical Education (THCGME) Program. The THCGME program is dedicated entirely to training primary-care physicians and dentists in community-based settings to help fill shortages of primary-care clinicians across the country.

SK/UP2-13.02) STATES NEWS SERVICE, September 28, 2016, pNA, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. "The benefits of Teaching Health Centers are widespread. They give aspiring primary care physicians u who are so crucial to providing personalized preventative care and ensuring health concerns are caught and treated early u the opportunity to train in a diverse setting," said Rep Tsongas. "And as I have seen in my own district at exceptional facilities like the Greater Lawrence Family Health Center, Teaching Health Centers provide communities with the next generation of physicians for their area. The residency program at the Greater Lawrence Family Health Center has trained 161 family physicians, more than 73% of whom work in underserved communities and 32% in community health centers.”

SK/UP2-13.03) Paul Barr, H&HN HOSPITALS & HEALTH NETWORKS, April 2015, p. 17, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. The Association of American Medical Colleges revised downward its estimates for a shortage of doctors, reducing the shortfall to a range of 46,100 to 90,400 physicians in 2025. That number is a sharp drop from its 2010 projection of a shortage of 130,600. The AAMC attributed the improvement in the outlook to revised population projections from the U.S. Census Bureau, an increase in graduating physicians, increased use of advanced practice clinicians and the effects of the Affordable Care Act.

2. USE OF PARAMEDICS IS REDUCING SHORTAGES

SK/UP2-13.04) Michelle Ancell, STATE LEGISLATURES, September 2015, p. 22, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Community paramedicine systems are popping up in Colorado, Maine, Minnesota, Missouri and Nevada to provide health care where few services exist. Often, they save money for patients, hospitals and insurance companies, mostly in avoided costs.

SK/UP2-13.05) Michelle Ancell, STATE LEGISLATURES, September 2015, p. 22, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Community paramedics can perform health assessments, monitor chronic diseases, ensure patients use medication correctly, give vaccinations and follow up after hospital discharges. They are also a great source of information and help educate patients on the care and treatment of their illnesses, injuries and diseases.

SK/UP2-13.06) Michelle Ancell, STATE LEGISLATURES, September 2015, p. 22, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Community paramedics usually work in rural and isolated areas where physicians are scarce. Patients are often from underserved populations, meaning they are typically, but not always, low-income, elderly people.

3. USE OF TELEMEDICINE IS REDUCING SHORTAGES

SK/UP2-13.07) Simon Lester [Cato Institute], USA TODAY, September 2015, p. 28, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Telemedicine already is being utilized in various ways to provide care to those who could not otherwise receive it. Benefiting are people in countries with a shortage of doctors, those in rural areas for whom access to medical facilities is difficult, and individuals who need immediate assistance in an emergency. This type of medical care has been expanding to the mainstream, as more routine services are being carried out online.

SK/UP2-13.08) Simon Lester [Cato Institute], USA TODAY, September 2015, p. 28, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. A precise market value is hard to determine but, according to one report, the global telemedicine market was $9,800,000,000 in 2010, but figures to balloon to $27,300,000,000 by 2016. Although the industry is in the early stage of development, market participants are emerging rapidly. A number of companies offer basic services through which doctors can provide consultations direct to consumers via video chat for a low, flat fee. The doctor can provide general medical advice and fill prescriptions.

SK/UP2-13.09) Simon Lester [Cato Institute], USA TODAY, September 2015, p. 28, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Beyond these situations, there are many communities, including pockets in rich countries, where people are underserved in their medical care. Telemedicine can bring medical care to poor communities around the world.

4. THERE IS NO NEED FOR MORE FOREIGN DOCTORS

SK/UP2-13.10) STATES NEWS SERVICE, March 15, 2016, pNA, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. The number of doctors and nurses has reached record levels in the OECD. Countries should now reform their training and employment strategies to better respond to people's changing health needs and also reduce their reliance on foreign-trained health workers from developing countries, according to a new OECD report.

SK/UP2-13.11) STATES NEWS SERVICE, March 15, 2016, pNA, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Most of this growth has been driven by substantial increases in student intakes in medical and nursing education and training programmes. Immigrant doctors and nurses have also contributed to the rise, with foreign-trained doctors accounting for 17% of active doctors in OECD countries in 2013-14 and foreign-trained nurses representing 6% of all nurses. While about one-third of these foreign-trained doctors and nurses come from other OECD countries, large numbers also come from lower-income countries in Africa that are already facing severe shortages.

SK/UPDATE3-14. SPACE STATION: Solvency

1. CHINA IS BUILDING ITS OWN SPACE STATION

SK/UP2-14.01) Rowena Lindsay, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, September 15, 2016, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. China is not a member of the international consortium that operates the ISS (and isn't allowed to send its astronauts to the station), so it is planning to build its own permanent space station, which at an estimated 60 tons will be 380 tons lighter than the ISS.

SK/UP2-14.02) Rowena Lindsay, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, September 15, 2016, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. China launched its second space station, Tiangong-2, from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China's Gobi desert on Thursday with the world's first "cold" atomic clock on board - representing a pivotal step in China's plan to become a major player in the modern-day space race. Two astronauts are set arrive at the station in October where they will spend one month completing experiments.

SK/UP2-14.03) Ben Rosen, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, June 27, 2016, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. China launched its most powerful rocket yet as it moves ahead with its plans to establish a permanent space station and to reach Mars in the next decade. The Long March 7 rocket, capable of lifting about 30,000 pounds into low Earth orbit, carried an unmanned, experimental probe Saturday, which landed on the Inner Mongolian steppe.

2. CHINA WANTS TO DEMONSTRATE ITS OWN SCIENTIFIC EXPERTISE

SK/UP2-14.04) Ben Rosen, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, June 27, 2016, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. China plans to have more than 200 spacecraft in orbit by 2020 and to perform an average of 30 launches per year. China's pride in its space program is a reflection of the country's "rising global stature and mounting technical expertise, as well as evidence of the ruling Communist party's success in transforming the once poverty-stricken nation," notes The Guardian.

SK/UP2-14.05) Jason Thomson, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, January 15, 2016, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. China regards its multi-billion dollar space program as a reflection of its rising global prowess and technical expertise, as well as an important manifestation of the Communist Party's modernization of the country, notes The Guardian.

SK/UP2-14.06) Rowena Lindsay, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, September 15, 2016, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. China's ambitious goals for space exploration in the coming years include plans to study the yet-unexplored dark side of the moon, and a mission to Mars that will not only orbit the Red Planet, but land and deploy a rover. Both missions are scheduled to launch in 2020. Dean Cheng, a Chinese space policy expert at the Heritage Foundation in Washington D.C., told New Scientist that Thursday's launch is about national pride - "a reminder that China has a manned space program, including the ability to put its own astronauts into space, something the Americans cannot do [without assistance from Russia]."

3. CHINA DOES NOT NEED PARTICIPATION IN I.S.S.

a. CHINA IS SPENDING BILLIONS ON SPACE PROGRAM

SK/UP2-14.07) Jonathan Kaiman, LOS ANGELES TIMES, July 8, 2016, p. A4, LexisNexis Academic. China is on a bit of a space kick. In April, President Xi Jinping called for China to become an "aerospace power." Beijing launched 19 space missions in 2015 and hopes to up that tally this year. It spends $2 billion to $3 billion annually on its space program, with hopes to eventually put an astronaut on the moon. (NASA will spend $19 billion this year.)

SK/UP2-14.08) Ben Rosen, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, June 27, 2016, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. China has invested more than a billion dollars into its space program, and has racked up a series of accomplishments. It launched its first manned flight in 2003 and conducted its first spacewalk in 2008. It's first space lab, Tiangong 1, a precursor to a planned permanent space station, launched into orbit in 2011. It's moon rover, Yutu, landed in 2014. China also plans to be the first to explore the far side of the moon, in 2018, and to send a rover to Mars, around 2020.

b. NEW TELESCOPE IS A MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENT

SK/UP2-14.09) Kelsey Warner, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, July 24, 2015, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. Beijing is ramping up its space program, with the construction of the world's largest radio telescope used to pick up sounds from outer space. The dish, located deep in the mountains of southwest China's Guizhou Province, will be the first of its kind for China, and will allow its military-run space program to gather its own data.

SK/UP2-14.10) Kelsey Warner, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, July 24, 2015, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. Wu Xiangping, director-general of the Chinese Astronomical Society, told Xinhua, the official state news service, that for years Chinese scientists have worked on "second-hand" data collected by other space programs, which prevented China from any major breakthroughs.

SK/UP2-14.11) Chris Buckley & Adam Wu, THE NEW YORK TIMES, September 26, 2016, p. A8, LexisNexis Academic. The telescope, which is in a majestic but impoverished part of Guizhou Province, embodies China's plans to rise as a scientific power. The dish is made of 4,450 intricately positioned triangular panels and has a collecting area of 2.1 million square feet, equal to almost 450 basketball courts. At 1,640 feet in diameter, it will be roughly twice as sensitive as the world's next-biggest single-dish radio telescope, the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, which is 1,000 feet across.

SK/UP2-14.12) Chris Buckley & Adam Wu, THE NEW YORK TIMES, September 26, 2016, p. A8, LexisNexis Academic. China's history of subjugation to the West in previous centuries reinforced the belief that scientific prowess is essential for any modern power. And studying the heavens was, after all, an area where China excelled in ancient times. “Now we're racing to catch up and want to recreate the glories of our ancestors by reviving our astronomy,” Zhang Chengmin, an astrophysicist at the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said in an interview. “China isn't just an economic power; it is also becoming a scientific power.”

c. QUANTUM SATELLITE IS A MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENT

SK/UP2-14.13) Edward Wong, THE NEW YORK TIMES, August 17, 2016, p. A5, LexisNexis Academic. China launched the world's first quantum communications satellite from the Gobi Desert early Tuesday, a major step in the country's bid to be at the forefront of quantum research, which could lead to new, completely secure methods of transmitting information. Researchers hope to use the satellite to beam communications from space to earth with quantum technology, which employs photons, or particles of light. That type of communication could prove to be the most secure in the world, invulnerable to hacking.

SK/UP2-14.14) Jason Thomson, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, August 16, 2016, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. From the vast expanse of the Gobi Desert, China launched a satellite in the early hours of Tuesday that could herald a technological breakthrough. The satellite, named Micius after an ancient Chinese philosopher who eschewed offensive warfare, is designed to test the limits of quantum communications, an avenue of scientific endeavor that could prove all but immune to hackers. While China is not the only nation investigating quantum communications, this launch is by far the most ambitious experiment so far, and if it succeeds, it could catapult the country to the forefront of encrypted technology.

d. NEW SPACEPLANE WILL BE A MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENT

SK/UP2-14.15) Ben Rosen, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, October 5, 2016, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. The state-backed China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology announced at the International Astronautical Conference in Guadalajara, Mexico, last week that it is developing a spaceplane that it said will be able to carry up to 20 passengers to the edge of space. Its competitors, Virgin Galactic and Blue Origin, plan to carry only six passengers at a time beyond the atmosphere.

SK/UP2-14.16) Ben Rosen, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, October 5, 2016, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. But the project also represents Chinese efforts to become a space power. China recently launched its Tiangong-2 space station to help the country reach Mars. China also finished the world's largest radio telescope last month search for gravitational waves, detect radio emissions from stars and galaxies, and listen for signs of intelligent extraterrestrial life.

e. CHINA DOES NOT NEED I.S.S. TO GET TO MOON OR MARS

SK/UP2-14.17) Chris Buckley & Adam Wu, THE NEW YORK TIMES, September 26, 2016, p. A8, LexisNexis Academic. The telescope is part of an array of projects to raise China's standing as a scientific power through big, expensive feats of scientific exploration. The space program aims to send an astronaut to the moon by 2025 or later and to land an unmanned vehicle on Mars in 2020. Chinese scientists plan to build the world's biggest particle accelerator. And there may be more radio telescopes, including in Tibet.

SK/UP2-14.18) Jason Thomson, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, January 15, 2016, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. China will send a probe to land on the far side of the moon in 2018, China's state media Xinhua confirmed Thursday, in what will be a first for mankind. The plan demonstrates a renewed drive in China's space exploration focusing on the moon, and it is a departure from past missions, which often replicated accomplishments of the US or Russian space programs.

SK/UP2-14.19) Kelsey Warner, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, July 24, 2015, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. The news of the telescope comes just two months after China announced aspirations to make the world's first landing on the far side of the moon, a mission it says may be complete by 2020, The Christian Science Monitor previously reported.