Skit Activity The class is to respect each group as they present

their skit and remain quiet.

The Origins of Slavery

Key Terms Mercantalism

Navigation Acts

Glorious Revolution

Salutary Neglect

“Geography = Destiny”

Cash Crop

Middle Passage

Olaudah Equiano

Stono Rebellion

The Great Awkening

Benjamin Franklin

Background: 1-1400 A.D. Origins

What is a Slave?

Requirements for Slavery

Roman Slavery

Portugal, 1400-1600

1450 = turning point first black Africans sent to Portugal

Shift from raiding to trading

1500s growth in demand for sugar Caribbean and Brazil

Transatlantic Slave trade What was the Slave Trade?

Parties involved Portugal Spain Dutch French English United States

Triangular Trade and the Middle Passage

Rum and other goods from England to Africa

Merchandise for slaves – transported from Africa to the West Indies, sold for sugar and molasses

Goods then shipped to New England to be distilled into rum

New World Slavery: Barbados “The epicenter of human

misery” – The West Indies

Geography is destiny What is meant by this?

Decimation of the Caribs pigs paradise

1630, indentured servants Sugar boom Barbados = key to Enlgish wealth

New World Slavery: Barbados (cont.)

Scale of their labor

1660, Blacks majority on the island

Creation of White solidarity

New World Slavery: South Carolina

Background

A different type of colony culture from Barbados

1710, Blacks were the majority

1730, 2:1 ratio of Blacks to Whites

Stono Rebellion September 1739

20 slaves gather at Stono River

Killings beating drums

Tightening of harsh slave laws

Slave rebellions would remain a pattern

Dependency on slave labor

Review Questions What is a slave?

Requirements for slavery?

What is the triangular trade?

What is meant by “Geography = Destiny”

What was the staple crop of Barbados?

Colonial Society in the Mid-Eighteenth Century

People

Society

Economy

Politics

People European Population

1600 – 0 1650 – 50k 1670 – 100k 1700 – 250k 1730 – 635k 1760 – 1.6 million people 1775 – 2.5 million

Demographic English and Welsh Germans and Swiss African Dutch Scots-Irish Scots Highlanders

People

1700-1740 – What’s going on?

Re-anglicanization

Colonists love English liberties

Salutary Neglect Seeds of self government

Politics 1685 James II the

Dominion of New England

Sir Edmund Andros furious reaction

“A Mixed and balanced constitution”

Glorious Revolution William and Marry of Orange

Reaction in Massachusetts

Economy Mercantilism Strong and

productive

Reminder: Navigation Acts Reaction in Massachusetts

Engine of economy: sugar Barbados Jamaica

Slave imports and mortality rates

Society Pyramid/Hierarchical

Land of opportunity?

Staple product: Slavery Age of “Enlightenment”

Slow movement towards becoming African America

Benjamin Franklin

The Great Awakening Jonathan Edwards

Questioning traditional authority

Society Agricultural South

Plantation economy Tobacco: Maryland,

Virginia, North Carolina Rice: South Carolina,

Georgia Role of women: second

class citizens Slaves and indentured

servants

Commercial North A diversified economy

Crops and Animals: New York, Pennsylvania

Manufacturing and shipping: New England and Middle colonies

Single cash crop Slavery? Role of Women

Writing Activity: American Identity

Essential Question/Theme: American Identity Most colonists, despite having lived in North America for generations, identify

themselves more as Englishman that as “American.” Because our nation prides itself in being a melting pot of different cultures, our people periodically go through an “identity crisis.”

What do you identify yourself as? By this I mean, do you identify yourself as an American, as Chamorro, as Guamanian, Filipino, Korean, Japanese, Chinese, Palauan…etc. Write 1-2 (front and back) page response in your notebook in which you explain what your identity is and how you define yourself as. In short, who are you, what defines you, and what makes you uniquely, you?

Options: Essay or Spoken Word

Once you have written this down, share your thoughts with your classmate, and jot her response in your notes as well

Review questions What is mercantilism?

What is meant by salutary neglect and what are some outcomes of it?

What was the Dominion of New England and who was Sir Edmund Andros?

What was the Glorious Revolution?

What were the Navigation Acts?

What was the driving force of the English economy?

What are the key differences between the Northern and Southern economies?

What was the Great Awakening? Who was involved? Outcomes?

Anglo- French Rivalries and the Seven Years War, 1739-1775

CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Key Concepts Prior to 1763, the British subordinated American capital to British

capital

The British success in the French and Indian War transformed the relationship between British and the American colonies

British policies after 1763 were designed to raise revenues to pay for the cost of the empire

The American colonists were divided over what course of action to take in response to the British policies

The Americans created a gov’t, the Continental Congress, to address the deteriorating relationship between Britain and the colonies

The French in the Americas France: Britain’s greatest rival

Colonists naturally favored British

France in North America Jacques Cartier: St. Lawrence

River Samuel De Champlain: Quebec Cavelier and La Salle: Louisiana Population difference: 70k vs. 1

million Education: 25% literacy rate Relations with Indians: friendlier

European Colonies in the New World1750 French and British

imperialistic rivalry The World Wars in Europe in America1688-1697 War of the League of Augsburg King Wm’s War 1689-16971701-1713 War of Sp. Succession Queen Anne’s War 1702-17131740 -1748 War of Austrian Succession King George’s War 1744-17481756-1763 Seven Years War Fr & Indian War 1754-17631778-1783 The American Revolution American Revolution 1775-17831793-1802 Wars of the French Revolution Undeclared Fr. War 1798-18001803-1815 Napoleonic Wars War of 1812 1812-18141914 -1918 World War I World War I 1917-19181939-1945 World War II World War II 1941-1945

North America in 1750

French and Indians

British French

Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne * George Washington * Delaware & Shawnee Indians

The Ohio Valley

1754 The First Clash

Note these two forts!

FORT DUQUESNE

This compact Vauban style (the original death star!) fort was built partially of horizontal, squared, oak and chestnut timbers laid in criblocked walls with tamped earth and rock fill on the land side and upright stockade walls

on the sides abutting the rivers.

FORT NECESSITY

Background Born in Virginia, 1732

Married to Martha Custis

Personality: Physically brace, personally proud, composed, stoic, obsession with self-control

No college education

Served as a lieutenant colonel in the French and Indian War

Major Characters in the French and Indian War

Washington

Mosieur De Jumonville

Tanacharison

George Washington and War In the French and Indian War

Involved in a massacre he oversaw Another one he survived An embarrassing defeat And a hollow victory

In the American Revolution Suffered horrible losses in Brandywine Allowed Philadelphia to be captured Played a minor role in the Victory in Saratoga

"Join or Die"

This is Benjamin Franklin's 1754 cartoon emphasizing the need for the various colonies and regions to work together. While this became a potent message during the revolutionary period of the 1770s, the cartoon was actually intended to unite colonists against the Indian threat.

Ben Franklin à representatives from New England, NY, MD, PA

Albany Congress failed Iroquois broke off relations with Britain & threatened to trade with the French.

The French & Indian War1755 British reaction - eliminate Fr.

presence in N. AmericaGen. Edward Braddock evict the French from the OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)

A Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley, & Acadia.A Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian forces.

• Fr and Indians rampage across frontier from Pa. to NC

British

• March in formation or bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials.

• Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

• Drills & tough discipline.

• Colonists should pay for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerilla tactics.• Col. militias served under own captains.

• No mil. deference or protocols observed.

• Resistance to rising taxes.

• Casual, non-professionals.

Methods ofFighting:

MilitaryOrganization:

MilitaryDiscipline:

Finances:

Demeanor:

1756 British-American Colonial Tensions

Colonials

A He understood colonial concerns.

A He offered them a compromise:

- col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-->Br. would reimburse col. assemblies for their costs.

- Lord Loudoun would be removed.- appoints James Wolfe to command

RESULTS? Colonial morale increased by 1758.

1757 William Pitt Becomes Foreign Minister

* By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.

1758-1761 The Tide Turns for England

BATTLE ON THE PLAINS OF ABRAHAM

France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River.

Spain --> got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England.

England --> got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India.

1763 Treaty of Paris

North America in 1763

Worksheet Fr. & Ind. War Transforms Colonial Relations in N. America

The first four years saw nothing but severe reverses for the British regulars and American colonials, primarily because of superior French land forces in the New World. Lack of colonial assistance to the war effort compounded British problems. By the end of 1757, however, the course of the war began to be altered by three major influences.

1. One was the dynamic leadership of the British prime minister, William Pitt the Elder, who saw that victory in North America was the supreme task in the worldwide struggle and who has been truly called the organizer of victory in the Great War for the Empire.

2. The second was the increasing superiority of British financial and industrial resources, food supplies, and naval equipment, as opposed to growing national bankruptcy and economic paralysis faced by France.

3. Finally, both the British and Americans were becoming seasoned wilderness fighters.

http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9035340/French-and-Indian-War

Jot this on the top of your page.Quickly list the 5 major causes that follow

1. English-French rivalry worldwide

2. World War b/w two powerful empires

3. English, w/ colonial help, fight Fr. And their Native American allies

4. Fr. Finally lose war & are expelled from N. America

5. Eng. Inherit vast new land holdings in N. America

1. It doubled the size of Britain’s North American territory

and it must be governed2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt. They will have to pay to maintain and control this vast empire. To make matters worse, citizens in Great Britain were already heavily taxed.

3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings. Intractable American colonists were not about to accept restrictions on their activities. Some colonists, in fact, were beginning to compete effectively with British capitalists and refused to subordinate their economic interests to those of British manufacturers.

4. Hostile NA in the Appalachian region, who felt threatened by American westward expansion into the Ohio River Valley, needed to be controlled. - Pontiac’s Rebellion

Therefore, England felt that a major reorganization of her American Empire was necessary!

Effects of the War on Britain?

1. It united them against a common enemy for the first time.2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated.3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.

Effects of the War on the American

Colonials

In your notebooks