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SKILLS Project. Naming and Building Binary Covalent Compounds. What are Binary Covalent Compounds?. A binary covalent compound is made of two different non-metals sharing a covalent bond. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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SKILLS Project
Naming and Building Binary Covalent Compounds
What are Binary Covalent Compounds?• A binary covalent compound is
made of two different non-metals sharing a covalent bond.
• Covalent and Ionic nomenclature are very different. You cannot use covalent naming on substances containing a METAL.
Covalent Names
• Unlike ionics and polyatomics, covalent compounds do NOT receive their names based on charges.
• The reason for this is simple- covalent compounds share rather than steal electrons from one another. In other words, no real charges are produced.
• Instead, prefixes are used to indicate the number of each element in the compound.
List of Covalent Prefixes
1. Mono-2. Di-3. Tri4. Tetra-5. Penta-6. Hexa-7. Hepta-8. Octa-9. Nona-10. Deca-
Naming Covalent Compounds
• We do not modify the first atom’s name unless there is MORE than one.– Ex. CO is “carbon monoxide” not
“monocarbon monoxide”• The second atom, on the other
hand, must always have an amount specified and will end in –ide (as we did with ionic naming.)– Ex. CO2 is “carbon dioxide”
Working with “–ide”
• Remember, any non-polyatomic receives an –ide at the end of their name:
H, Hydride
C, Carbide
N, Nitride
F, Fluoride
O, Oxide
S, Sulfide
Cl, Chloride
B, Boride
P, Phosphide Se, Selenide
As, ArsenideSi, Silicide
Br, Bromide
Te, Telluride
I, Iodide
Note!
• Many polyatomic compounds are covalently-bonded, however, they have unique names.
• In other words, the naming system for neutral covalent compounds cannot be used for charged covalent compounds, such as polyatomics.– NH4
1+ is ammonium ion (polyatomic)
– NH4 would be nitrogen tetrahydride (neutral)
Example 1: P3O8
Triphosphorous octoxide
P3
O8
Tri-
Octa-
phosphorous
oxide
Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.
Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element.
Example 2: C4H10
Tetracarbon decahydride
C4
H10
Tetra-
Deca-
carbon
hydride
Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.
Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element.
Example 3: C2O4
Dicarbon tetroxide
C2
O4
Di-
Tetra-
carbon
oxide
Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.
Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element.
Example 4: S4Cl6
Tetrasulfur hexachloride
S4
Cl6
Tetra-
Hexa-
sulfur
chloride
Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.
Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element.
Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.
Example 5: PF5
Phosphorous pentafluoride
P
F5
Mono-
Penta-
phosphorous
fluoride
Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element.
Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.
Example 6: ArF2
Argon difluoride
Ar
F2
Mono-
Di-
argon
fluoride
Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element.
Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element.
Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.
Dinitrogen tetroxide
Example 7: N2O4
N2
O4
Di-
Tetra-
nitrogen
oxide
Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element.
Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.
Tetraselenium hexaiodide
Example 8: Se4I6
Se4
I6
Tetra-
Hexa-
selenium
iodide
Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element.
Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.
Example 9: ICl7
Iodine heptachloride
I
Cl7
Mono-
Hepta-
iodine
chloride
Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element.
Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.
Disilicone trioxide
Example 10: Si2O3
Si2
O3
Di-
Tri-
silicone
oxide
Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.
Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.”
OCl2
Example 11: Oxygen dichloride
O
Cl2
(Mono)
Di-
Oxygen
chloride
Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.
Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.”
H2O
Example 12: Dihydrogen monoxide
H2
O
Di-
Mon-
hydrogen
oxide
Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.
Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.”
C4H10
Example 13: Tetracarbon decahydride
C4
H10
Tetra-
Deca-
carbon
hydride
Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.
Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.”
CS2
Example 14: Carbon disulfide
C
S2
(Mono)
Di-
Carbon
Sulfide
Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.
Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.”
N2H9
Example 15: Dinitrogen nonahydride
N2
H9
Di-
Nona-
nitrogen
hydride
Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.
Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.”
SeBr6
Example 16: Selenium hexabromide
Se
Br6
(Mono)
Hexa-
Selenium
bromide
Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.
Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.”
C3P6
Example 17: Tricarbon hexaphosphide
C3
P6
Tri-
Hexa-
carbon
phosphide
Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.
Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.”
AsI5
Example 18: Arsenic pentaiodide
As
I5
(Mono)
Penta-
Arsenic
Iodide
Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.
Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.”
C4Si7
Example 19: Tetracarbon heptasilicide
C4
Si7
Tetra-
Hepta-
carbon
silicide
Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.
Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.”
ICl7
Example 20: Iodine heptachloride
I
Cl7
(Mono)
Hepta-
Iodine
chloride
Practice on your own:1. C9O4 –
2. OF2 –
3. Cl2O3 –
4. CO3 –
5. PF5 –
6. N2S2 –
7. C2H2 –
8. CBr4 –
9. As2Si5 –
10.P7S10 –
Nonacarbon tetroxide
Oxygen difluoride
Dichlorine trioxide
Carbon trioxide
Phosphorous pentafluoride
Dinitrogen disulfide
Dicarbon dihydride
Carbon tetrabromide
Diarsenic pentasilicide
Heptaphosphorous decasulfideFO
RM
UL
AS
N
AM
ES
Practice on your own:1. Carbon monoxide –
2. Tetrasulfur pentaiodide –
3. Triselenium decatelluride –
4. Diarsenic monofluoride –
5. Heptasilicon diboride –
6. Nitrogen hexaselenide –
7. Carbon tetrachloride –
8. Krypton monofluoride –
9. Heptaphosphorous octoxide-
10.Triselenium pentanitride -
CO
S4I5
Se3Te10
As2F
Si7B2
NSe6
CCl4
KrF
P7O8
Se3N5
NA
ME
S
FO
RM
UL
AS
Congratulations!
• You may name and use binary covalent compounds!
• Remember, many covalent compounds have different names than those used here, especially the charged polyatomics.
• Over the course of the year, you will be introduced to the “common” names used for many of the compounds shown here. For example: nitrogen trihydride, NH3, is most commonly known as “ammonia.”
