Skills and Models of Reflection

Life Long Learning Project for Health Care Scientist and Allied

Health Professionals

Introduction

• This presentation focuses on Reflection on action;&

• Considers a number of models, or frameworks for Reflective practice.

Reflection in action means:

“To think about what one is doing whilst one is doing it; it is typically stimulated by surprise, by something which puzzled the practitioner concerned”

(Greenwood, 1993).

Reflection on Action means:

“The process of creating and clarifying the meanings of experiences in terms of self in relation to both self and world. The outcome of this process is changed conceptual perspectives”

(Boyd & Fales, 1983pp101

Bortons` (1970) Framework Guiding Reflective Activities:

• Returning to the situation (What happened?)

• Understanding the context (So what did you learn?)

• Modifying future outcomes (Now what should I do in the future?)

What

So What

Now What

Paolo Freire:

• What did I do?• What does this

mean?• How do I come to be

like this?• How might I do

things differently? Confront Inform

Describe

Reconstruct

Institute of Personnel and Development

• What did you do and why ?

• What did you learn from it ?

• How will you use this ?

Pedler, Burgoyne, Boydell• Stage 1: Description

of the event • Stage 2: Feelings and

thoughts• Stage 3: Evaluation• Stage 4: Analysis• Stage 5: Conclusion• Stage 6: Action Plan

What

happened? What

happened?

What were my responses?

What were my responses?

What did I actually do?What did I actually do?

How do

I feel aboutthat?

How do

I feel aboutthat?

What have I learnt from it?

What have I learnt from it?

What am Igoing todo next?

What am Igoing todo next?

Gibbs Reflective Cycle• Stage 1: What

happened?• Stage 2: What were my

responses?• Stage 3 What did I

actually do?• Stage 4 How do I feel

about that?• Stage 5 What have I

learned from it? • Stage 6 What am I going

to do next?

What

happened? What

happened?

What were You thinking

feeling ?

What were You thinking

feeling ?

What was Good/bad?What was Good/bad?

What sense

can you make of it?

What sense

can you make of it?

Conclusions Conclusions

ActionAction

Johns Model of Structure Reflection• What information do I need to

access in order to learn from the experience?

• Five phases with Cue Questions – Description of the

experience;– Reflection; – Influencing factors;– Could I have dealt with the

situation better;– Learning.

Describe

Reflect

Influencing factors

Learning

Dealt with any better?