Skeletal System

Skeletal System

Bell Ringer 12/3 – KWL Chart

Set up a KWL chart in your notebook:

Fill in what you already KNOW about bones and the skeletal system and what you WANT to know.

What is the skeletal system?

• The skeletal system is composed of all the bones in the body as well as the tissues (tendons, ligaments, and cartilage) that connect them.

• An adult’s skeletal system contains 206 bones.

What are functions of the skeletal system?

• Support:– Skeleton provides framework for the body, basic

shape & structure like beams inside a building


• Protection– The skeleton protects organs like armor

• Cranium protects the brain• Ribs/sternum protect the lungs, heart, and some

digestive organs• Pelvis protects and supports digestive and reproductive

organs• Spinal column protects the spine


• Movement– Bones are the levers that help your body move in

different directions– Muscles move bones by contracting, which pulls

the bone, causing movement


• Blood Cell Production– Inside long bones in the body, there is a cavity

filled with bone marrow, a tissue where new blood cells are produced and damaged blood cells are repaired


• Mineral Storage– Calcium!

Exit Quiz (turn in, write a complete sentence response)

1. What organs give the body shape & support?a. Musclesb. Bonesc. Intestines

2. What bones protect the spinal cord?a. Vertebrae/spinal columnb. Ribsc. Cranium

3. Where are blood cells produced?a. Heartb. Veinsc. Bones

4. What mineral is stored in our bones?a. Calciumb. Ironc. Zinc

5. What is the tissue called that produces blood cells?a. Blood marrowb. Blood cell tissuec. Bone marrow

Bell Ringer 12/4

Do you think your bones are alive or not alive? Why?

What is a bone made of?

• Bones are made of living as well as nonliving parts. The very outside part of the bone is covered by a thin, living membrane called the periosteum which has blood vessels in it. Blood vessels are living and carry food and oxygen to the other living parts of the bone (including nerves and bone cells).


Compact bone: Calcium and phosphorus, which are nonliving parts of the bone, are contained in the thick outer layer of the bone called compact bone. Compact bone also contains living parts of the bone like blood vessels, bone cells, nerves, and elastic fibers that keep bone from being too rigid.


Spongy bone: Spongy bone (also called cancellous bone) contains many openings and is found toward the ends of many bones. It is made of minerals and is hard.


Bone marrow: Bone marrow appears in spaces of variable size within bones in hollow cavities. Bone marrow is living and either red or yellow in color. Yellow bone marrow is found in the long part of bone and made mostly of fat. Red bone marrow is found in spongy bone and is where newblood cells are made (almost allRBCs and most WBCs).

Cartilage

Parts of your skeletal system that are flexible are cartilage, not bone. As you grow from a baby into an adult, most of your cartilage is replaced by hard bone.

As an adult, you still have cartilage in your body. Where do you think it is?

Cartilage!Cartilage is contained in your nose, your ear, in the joints between your

vertebrae (backbone) as well as joints between other

bones.

Ligaments

Ligaments connect bones to each other at joints.Ligaments are soft and made of collagen.

Tendons

A tendon is a strong elastic band of tissue connecting muscle to bone. Like ligaments, tendons are made of collagen and are somewhat elastic.

KWL revisited

• Go back to the KWL chart you started at the beginning of yesterday and begin to fill in what you have learned about bones so far…

HOMEWORK

Label the parts of a bone on the handout using your notes!

Vocabulary Quiz 12/5

Take out a blank sheet of paper and divide it in half with a horizontal line. Above the horizontal line, divide the paper into three sections and label them as below:

Cartilage Tendon Ligament

Parts of a Bone

• This is not a question. This is how you spell collagen.• What is cartilage? Where is it located (give two

examples)?• BONUS: What do you think the function of cartilage is?• What do tendons connect?• What are tendons made of?• What do ligaments connect?• What are ligaments made of?• What is the periosteum?• What does compact bone store? List at least two things.• What happens in bone marrow?

Bell Ringer 12/6

• How do you think bones grow over time?

How do bones move?

• Muscle contractions pull on bones, allowing them to move. HOWEVER, bones would not be able to move as freely as they do without joints (shoulder, ankle, knee, hip, elbow, etc.)

Joints You Know...

• Elbow• Hip• Skull• Shoulder• Finger• Wrist• Vertebrae• Ankle

Figure out how you want to group the joints on the left. What joints are similar to each other?How do they move?What might you call them?

What happens when bones break?

• A bone break is called a fracture. There are many different ways to fracture your bones, but all of them can heal.

• Broken bones need to set, either with the help of a metal pin or just a cast.

• Over time, your bone will produce lots of new cells at the location of the fracture and tiny blood vessels that rebuild the bone. As you age, this healing process may take longer.

Bone Healing Stages

• Step 1: A hematoma, or blood clot, forms around the break

Bone Healing Stages

• Step 2: The periosteum heals first, then a fibrocartilage callus forms (soft)

Bone Healing Stages

• Step 3: Fibrocartilage is replaced by a bony callus made of spongy bone (hard) ← this is the same way your bones grow to begin with!

Bone Healing Stages

• Step 4: The bone is remodeled, compact bone develops around the spongy bone, and marrow starts to grow inside the repaired bone.

Homework!

• Divide a plain sheet of paper into four sections and in each section ILLUSTRATE one step in the bone healing process.

What are different kinds of joints?

Hinge joints: move back and forth like the movement of a door hinge.

Examples:- fingers- toes- elbows- knees

ELBOW JOINT


Pivot joints: rotate or turn on an axisExample:

- elbows

ELBOW JOINT


Immovable joints: no range of movement allowed

Example:- where the bones of the skull come together

SKULL


Gliding joints: allow bones to glide over one another

Example:- vertebrae (small bones that make up your backbone)

VERTEBRAE


Ball-and-socket joints: allow for the greatest range of movement. The large round end of one long bone fits into the circular shaped hollow of another bone

Example:- hips

SHOULDER JOINT

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Skeletal System